Race, Money and Medicines

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gregg Bloche
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Therapeutic Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Disease Expression ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
The One ◽  
Past Wrongs

Taking notice of race is both risky and inevitable, in medicine no less than in other endeavors. The literature on race as a classifying tool in clinical research poses this core dilemma: On the one hand, race can be a useful stand-in for unstudied genetic and environmental factors that yield differences in disease expression and therapeutic response. On the other hand, racial distinctions have social meanings that are often pejorative or worse, especially when these distinctions are cast as culturally or biologically fixed. Our country's troubled past in this regard and the persistence of race-related disadvantage should keep us on notice about this hazard. Yet paying attention to race in order to ameliorate past wrongs sometimes supports the quest for social justice, as Dorothy Roberts points out in this issue. And at times, as Jay Cohn and Raj Bhopal note, attention to race can make a therapeutic difference, to the point of saving lives.

Alternative Approaches to Regional Equity and Racial Justice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward G. Goetz
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Community Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Racial Justice ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Racial Equity ◽  
Regional Equity ◽  
Alternative Approaches ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

This chapter provides an overview of two different ways of working towards racial justice and regional equity. The two approaches are integration efforts on the one hand and community development efforts on the other. The tension between these two approaches is described as a conflict among groups that are generally allied on issues of social justice. It is argued that this debate is a tension within a race-conscious policy alliance, and represents a disagreement about how best to achieve the common goal of racial equity.

Shadows of Black and White

2021 ◽  
pp. 178-206
Author(s):  
Leslie C. Gay Jr
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Digital Era ◽  
Recorded Sound ◽  
Musical Object ◽  
Social Meanings ◽  
The One

This chapter considers the role of seen and unseen infrastructures in the material transmission and circulation of May Irwin’s (1862–1938) famous “Frog Song.” Just as ontologies of music shift in our digital era, the chapter peels back the hazy ontological histories of this song—as material commodity, technology, and memory—to consider its ramifications as a musical object replete with racial and social meanings. The argument developed here brings together aspects of the “hard” infrastructures of song sheet publishing, paper, and lithography, on the one hand, and the “soft” infrastructures of race, body, and memory, on the other. More specifically, the material resources of the song’s production—in printed page, body, and recorded sound—illuminate the shadowy histories of this song and emphasize how these materials reconfigure shifting notions of gender and race across cultural and historical boundaries into the twenty-first century.

scholarly journals Diversion, Rights and Social Justice

Youth Justice ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 147322542090284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Smith
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Young People ◽  
Criminal Justice System ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
The Other ◽  
Delinquent Behaviour ◽  
Justice Model ◽  
The One

This article draws on historical understandings and contemporary models of diversion in order to develop a critical framework and agenda for progressive practice. The argument essentially revolves around the contention that typically diversionary interventions have been constrained by the contextual and ideological frames within which they operate. They have in some cases been highly successful in reducing the numbers of young people being drawn into the formal criminal justice system; however, this has largely been achieved pragmatically, by way of an accommodation with the prevailing logic of penal practices. Young people have been diverted at least partly because they have been ascribed a lesser level of responsibility for their actions, whether by virtue of age or other factors to which their delinquent behaviour is attributed. This ultimately sets limits to diversion, on the one hand, and also offers additional legitimacy to the further criminalisation of those who are not successfully ‘diverted’, on the other. By contrast, the article concludes that a ‘social justice’ model of diversion must ground its arguments in principles of children’s rights and the values of inclusion and anti-oppressive practice.

scholarly journals The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for phobias in women

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1987-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Czajkowski ◽  
K. S. Kendler ◽  
K. Tambs ◽  
E. Røysamb ◽  
T. Reichborn-Kjennerud
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Social Phobia ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The Other ◽  
Twin Model ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Twin Models ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

BackgroundTo explore the genetic and environmental factors underlying the co-occurrence of lifetime diagnoses of DSM-IV phobia.MethodFemale twins (n=1430) from the population-based Norwegian Institute of Public Health Twin Panel were assessed at personal interview for DSM-IV lifetime specific phobia, social phobia and agoraphobia. Comorbidity between the phobias were assessed by odds ratios (ORs) and polychoric correlations and multivariate twin models were fitted in Mx.ResultsPhenotypic correlations of lifetime phobia diagnoses ranged from 0.55 (agoraphobia and social phobia, OR 10.95) to 0.06 (animal phobia and social phobia, OR 1.21). In the best fitting twin model, which did not include shared environmental factors, heritability estimates for the phobias ranged from 0.43 to 0.63. Comorbidity between the phobias was accounted for by two common liability factors. The first loaded principally on animal phobia and did not influence the complex phobias (agoraphobia and social phobia). The second liability factor strongly influenced the complex phobias, but also loaded weak to moderate on all the other phobias. Blood phobia was mainly influenced by a specific genetic factor, which accounted for 51% of the total and 81% of the genetic variance.ConclusionsPhobias are highly co-morbid and heritable. Our results suggest that the co-morbidity between phobias is best explained by two distinct liability factors rather than a single factor, as has been assumed in most previous multivariate twin analyses. One of these factors was specific to the simple phobias, while the other was more general. Blood phobia was mainly influenced by disorder specific genetic factors.

scholarly journals Medical professionalism in psychiatry

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Bhugra ◽  
Susham Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Learned Helplessness ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Medical Professionalism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Loss Of Autonomy ◽  
The One

SummaryThe principles of primacy of patient welfare, patient autonomy and social justice are fundamental to medical and psychiatric professionalism. Medical professionalism is also about encouraging and celebrating good practice. As a set of values and behaviours on the one hand, and relationships with patients, carers and other stakeholders on the other, the implicit contract between psychiatry and society needs to be renegotiated regularly. Serious threats to medical professionalism in the past 30 years have led to the demoralisation of professionals. Learned helplessness and a perceived loss of autonomy have been recognised as important factors in the ‘loss’ of professionalism. Psychiatry as a profession needs to identify its core attributes, skills and competencies. Professionalism should allow individuals to set and maintain their own standards of care.

scholarly journals In My Name and the Name of All People Who Live in Misery: Rap in the Wake of Revolution in Tunisia and Egypt

Young ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Sánchez García ◽  
Carles Feixa Pàmpols
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Young People ◽  
Public Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Music Scenes ◽  
Mixed Analysis ◽  
The One ◽  
Motivating Factor

Rap and mahragan were the sound of youths that demanded freedom and social justice in Tahrir Square and in Tunisia Parliament Square sit-ins during 2011. It may have been, not merely the soundtrack of the revolution, but a motivating factor in bringing people into the streets and reshaping their basic political subjectivity: a core process of any revolutionary change in a country’s social and political structures. On the one hand, rap and mahragan are used by young people as a way of calling into question the processes of marginalization. On the other hand, young people use it as a way of participating in public life. Despite its differences, from a mixed analysis using the data collected in the SAHWA project, both qualitative and quantitative, this article proves how rap and mahragan music scenes (re)produce informal spaces as an alternative to their social marginalization and positioned them into Tunisian and Egyptian political arenas in different places according to environmental political dialectics.

The Significance of Dopamine for the Mode of Action of Neuroleptics and the Pathogenesis of Schizophrenia

1977 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 463-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. van Praag
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Animal Experiments ◽  
The Other ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanism ◽  
The One

SummaryAnimal experiments have demonstrated the likelihood that all known neuroleptics inhibit transmission in central CA-ergic systems, regardless of their chemical structure and via different mechanisms. For clinical psychiatry this fact prompts a number of questions: (1) is this phenomenon also to be found in human individuals; (2) if so, is it of importance for the clinical (side) effects of neuroleptics; (3) do patients with (schizophrenic) psychoses show signs of central CA-ergic hyperactivity ? This article presents a survey of clinical research focused on these questions which, for the sake of brevity, is confined to DA metabolism. The available data indicate the plausibility of a correlation between inhibition of DA-ergic transmission on the one hand, and on the other hand the therapeutic effects of neuroleptics and the occurrence of hypokinetic-rigid symptoms. The hypothesis that DA-ergic hyperactivity is an important pathogenetic mechanism in schizophrenic psychoses can be based only on indirect arguments; direct studies of the DA metabolism have so far failed to reveal supporting evidence. The possible causes of this failure are discussed.

Black Pentecostal Hermeneutics?

Pneuma ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-217
Author(s):  
Antipas L. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Black Theology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Critical Dialogue ◽  
Social Advocacy ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Black Pentecostal ◽  
The One ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract This essay advances hermeneutical insights for emerging black pentecostal scholars to consider. The salient question is, “What distinguishes black Pentecostalism?” This study revisits James H. Cone’s sources for black theology for insight into the role of blackness in shaping black Pentecostalism. On the one hand, the study dispels the myth that black Pentecostalism is inherently a spiritual alternative to the fight for social justice. On the other hand, it calls for critical dialogue between Cone’s sources for black theology and black Pentecostalism to advance scholarship on the formation of black pentecostal hermeneutics. This essay explains that blackness is more than a cultural and experiential reality. Blackness is a theological source that correlates with other sources in shaping black Pentecostalism. Blackness, moreover, legitimates black pentecostal proclivities for the integration of the faith, spirituality, and social advocacy. Theological blackness in Pentecostalism has historically distinguished black Pentecostalism from subsequent white Pentecostalism.

Projective Kit for Early Childhood (P. K. E. C.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Roman ◽  
Mathilde Dublineau ◽  
Camila Saboia
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
Clinical Consultation ◽  
The One

This article highlights, on the one hand, the relevance of the Projective Kit for Early Childhood – a projective play test – in the dual prospect of research practice, and of clinical practice, on the other hand, considering a form of continuity between both these processes, as stressed by C. Chabert (1995 ). First, a brief introduction to this unique test in the field of psychopathology in young children serves to assess the relevance of this projective device in clinical practice and research. Then we successively present the test’s implications in actual clinical research, involving an evaluation of the psychoaffective dynamics of children with West syndrome (a form of epilepsy occurring in infants from the early stages of life, which impairs their development and frequently leads to psychopathological pictures in the autism spectrum) and as part of a clinical consultation process focused on the problem of depression.

In search of anonymity in supply chains

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Amanor-Boadu ◽  
S. Starbird
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Risk Aversion ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
The Other ◽  
Power Imbalance ◽  
Supply Chain Relationships ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Enforcing compliance standards in supply chains using inspection and other traditional mechanisms may exacerbate the non-compliance effort by those who see these mechanisms as evidence of power imbalance in the relationship. The easier it is for anonymity to exist in supply chain relationships, the greater the incentive for non-compliance, thus creating value for anonymity. We argue that total chain performance can be enhanced by designing and operating supply chains in ways that provided enduring positive signals from the environment to minimize adverse perceptions of powerlessness, coercion and unfairness and increase members' perception of their identity with the organisation. We also explore the interaction between these perception factors and the human factors of opportunism, bounded rationality and risk aversion on the one hand and the environmental factors on the other.

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