A Cross-Cultural Investigation of Foulds' Hierarchy Model of Psychiatric Illness

SummaryIn order to investigate the validity of Foulds' hierarchical model of psychiatric illness a cross-cultural study was carried out. The DSSI, a self-report symptom inventory, was administered to 100 English psychiatric patients and a translated version was administered to 100 Turkish psychiatric patients. The report of symptoms in both nationality groups conformed to Foulds' hierarchy principles in 93 per cent and 87 per cent of cases respectively.When the reporting of symptoms within classes was investigated, nationality effects were observed to influence the self-reporting of ‘hysterical’ neurotic symptoms, irrespective of diagnostic class. Nationality was also observed to influence the reporting of ‘delusional’ symptoms, but in non-psychotic patients.These results suggest that Foulds' model is a useful one in cross-cultural psychiatry, because it indicates both the universal features of hierarchical ordering of symptoms and the cultural influence on those symptoms which do not define the diagnostic class of the patient.

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How Plausible Is the Implausible? Students’ Plausibility and Prevalence Ratings of the Self-Report Symptom Inventory

Psychological Injury and Law ◽

10.1007/s12207-021-09409-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Irena Boskovic ◽

Thomas Merten ◽

Harald Merckelbach

Keyword(s):

Psychology Students ◽

Prima Facie ◽

The Self ◽

Self Report ◽

Psychological Assessments ◽

Symptom Validity Tests ◽

Symptom Inventory ◽

Validity Measures ◽

Report Symptom ◽

Validity Tests

AbstractSome self-report symptom validity tests, such as the Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI), rely on a detection strategy that uses bizarre, extreme, or very rare symptoms. Thus, items are constructed to invite respondents with an invalid response style to affirm pseudosymptoms that are usually not experienced by genuine patients. However, these pseudosymptoms should not be easily recognizable, because otherwise sophisticated over-reporters could strategically avoid them and go undetected. Therefore, we tested how well future psychology professionals were able to differentiate between genuine complaints and pseudosymptoms in terms of their plausibility and prevalence.Psychology students (N = 87) received the items of the SRSI online and were given the task to rate each item as to its plausibility and prevalence in the community.Students evaluated genuine symptoms as significantly more plausible and more prevalent than pseudosymptoms. However, 56% of students rated pseudosymptoms as moderately plausible, whereas 17% rated them as moderately prevalent in the general public.Overall, it appears that psychology students are successful in distinguishing bizarre, unusual, or rare symptoms from genuine complaints. Yet, the majority of students still attributed relatively high prima facie plausibility to pseudosymptoms. We contend that if such a trusting attitude is true for psychology students, it may also be the case for young psychology practitioners, which, consequently, may diminish the probability of employing self-report validity measures in psychological assessments.

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A Cross-Cultural Study of Some Familial and Social Factors in Depressive Illness

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.127.1.46 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 127 (1) ◽

pp. 46-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

S. J. M. Fernando

Keyword(s):

Cultural Study ◽

Ethnic Groups ◽

Social Factors ◽

Mental Stress ◽

Psychiatric Illness ◽

Depressive Illness ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Normal Group ◽

Cross Cultural Study ◽

Depressed Group

SummaryA study of familial and social factors among Jewish and Protestant depressives and non-psychiatric controls revealed the following positive findings:Depressives compared to normals as a whole had: (a) a higher rate of psychiatric illness in their families; (b) lower scores on maternal overprotection; and (c) a higher rate of marriage in both ethnic groups and both sexes, except in the case of Jewish men. Religiousness was associated with depression among Jews but not among Protestants. Jewish fathers compared to Protestant fathers were: (a) less strict in the normal group; and (b) less strict, less ‘dominant’ and more ‘inadequate’ in the depressed group. Ethnic links among depressed Jews were probably weaker than those among depressed Protestants.The findings suggest that: (a) depression among Jews may be related to mental stress arising from ‘marginality’; and (b) single Jewish men may be particularly vulnerable to depression.

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MMPI profile types and the self-report of psychiatric patients.

Journal of Abnormal Psychology ◽

10.1037/h0032337 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Frank D. Payne ◽

Jerry S. Wiggins

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Patients ◽

The Self ◽

Self Report ◽

Mmpi Profile

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The Self-Report Symptom Inventory (SRSI): a New Instrument for the Assessment of Distorted Symptom Endorsement

Psychological Injury and Law ◽

10.1007/s12207-016-9257-3 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 102-111 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Thomas Merten ◽

Harald Merckelbach ◽

Peter Giger ◽

Andreas Stevens

Keyword(s):

The Self ◽

Self Report ◽

Symptom Inventory ◽

New Instrument ◽

Report Symptom

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A Cross-Cultural Study of Self-Report Depressive Symptoms among College Students

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology ◽

10.1177/0022022192232003 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 163-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Kathleen S. Crittenden ◽

Stephen S. Fugita ◽

Hyunjung Bae ◽

Corazon B. Lamug ◽

Chien Un

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Cultural Study ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Self Report ◽

Cross Cultural Study

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Detecting over-reporting of symptoms: the French version of the self-report symptom inventory

The Clinical Neuropsychologist ◽

10.1080/13854046.2018.1524027 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (sup1) ◽

pp. 164-181 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marie Geurten ◽

Thierry Meulemans ◽

Xavier Seron

Keyword(s):

The Self ◽

Self Report ◽

French Version ◽

Symptom Inventory ◽

Report Symptom

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Self-esteem of the ambition of Russian and Turkmen students

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202021020013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 210 ◽

pp. 20013

Author(s):

Oksana Barsukova ◽

Elena Scherbina ◽

Natalia Mozgovaya ◽

Galina Zhulina ◽

Olesya Shestopalopa

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Cultural Study ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Overwhelming Majority ◽

The Self ◽

Self Assessment ◽

Cross Cultural Study ◽

Minimum Number

The article presents the results of a cross-cultural study of self-assessment of ambition of Russian and Turkmen students. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of self-esteem of ambition and the degree of its expression among students from different countries. The research was carried out using the questionnaire "Ambition" (OV Barsukova). The study involved 166 students aged 17-19 years: 94 Russian students and 72 Turkmen students. The majority of Russian students consider themselves to be more ambitious than ambitious people (48.94%), about a quarter of Russian students consider themselves to be unambitious people (25.53%), and a fifth - more un ambitious than ambitious people (21.28%) ), the minimum number - by undemanding people (4.26%). Most of the Russian students rate their ambition as moderate (51.056%), the minimum part of the students - as low (12.77%). On the whole, Russian students consider themselves ambitious rather than undemanding people and rate their ambition as moderate. The overwhelming majority of Turkmen students consider themselves to be ambitious people (83.33%), an insignificant part of students consider themselves to be more ambitious people than unambitious (11.11%) and undemanding people (5.56%). The majority of Turkmen students rate their ambition as high (61.11%), just over a quarter of them - as low (27.78%), the minimum number - as moderate (11.11%). In general, Turkmen students consider themselves ambitious and rate their ambition as high. A comparative analysis of the self-esteem of the ambition of Russian and Turkmen students was revealed according to the following indicators: the assessment of oneself as ambitious people prevails among Turkmen students, the assessment of oneself as people who are more ambitious than undemanding people prevails among Russian students, and the assessment of their ambition as moderate prevails among Russian students.

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Differences among university students in motivation to learn: A cross-cultural study

Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja ◽

10.2298/zipi1101041k ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 41-62

Author(s):

Janez Kolenc

Keyword(s):

Social Sciences ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Personal Characteristic ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

The Self ◽

Self Concept ◽

Motivation To Learn ◽

Motivational Factor ◽

Cross Cultural Study ◽

Cultural Indicator

This study attempts to reject the stereotype that competition is not a desired personal characteristic and a specific motivational factor. We have investigated and revealed positive dimensions and statistically significant correlations between the self-concept and motivation to learn. The new model of self-concept, based on different kinds of competition and motivation to learn, has been postulated. Some arguments have been provided to assume that this model differs from culture to culture. For this reason, the participants from three countries took part in the study. Countries were chosen on the basis of political and cultural indicators in Eastern/Southern versus Western/Southern European characteristics: Slovenia, Serbia and Spain. The study comprised of 225 Slovenian, 99 Serbian and 140 Spanish participants. There are two particular goals of the research. The first is to find out whether there are any differences in self-concept, motivation to learn and competition among participants from different countries. According to the second goal, the investigation of the correlations between self-concept, motivation to learn and competition within each national group is underlined. Some quantitative methods of social sciences have been used to achieve these goals. We found out that the cultural indicator has a significant impact on self-concept, motivation to learn and competition. Further to this, we argue that the ?Southern? disposition predominates over Eastern as well as Western dimensions, which means that Slovenians are among the more competitive participants.

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