Disturbances of Consciousness After Head Injuries

1938 ◽  
Vol 84 (349) ◽  
pp. 347-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Guttmann ◽  
C. E. Winterstein
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
General View ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
Nervous Function ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Recovery Of Consciousness

Among the mental symptoms associated with head injury the psychiatrist rarely happens to see those immediately following the trauma; he is principally concerned with those mental sequelæ that follow recovery of consciousness (E. Mapother). Neither is the neurologist much interested in “cases of simple concussion in which the concussion is usually of brief duration and there is no indication that the brain has been organically injured” (J. P. Martin). Thus they are generally only observed by surgeons, who are usually more interested in other aspects than the psychological or neurophysiological one. Yet these mental symptoms cannot be disregarded if a general view of the disintegration or re-integration of the nervous function after the traumatic impairment is to be formed.

scholarly journals Mitigating the Consequences of Subconcussive Head Injuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 387-407
Author(s):  
Eric A. Nauman ◽  
Thomas M. Talavage ◽  
Paul S. Auerbach
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Clinical Neurology ◽  
Subconcussive Injury ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tissue Alteration ◽  
The Brain

Subconcussive head injury represents a pathophysiology that spans the expertise of both clinical neurology and biomechanical engineering. From both viewpoints, the terms injury and damage, presented without qualifiers, are synonymously taken to mean a tissue alteration that may be recoverable. For clinicians, concussion is evolving from a purely clinical diagnosis to one that requires objective measurement, to be achieved by biomedical engineers. Subconcussive injury is defined as subclinical pathophysiology in which underlying cellular- or tissue-level damage (here, to the brain) is not severe enough to present readily observable symptoms. Our concern is not whether an individual has a (clinically diagnosed) concussion, but rather, how much accumulative damage an individual can tolerate before they will experience long-term deficit(s) in neurological health. This concern leads us to look for the history of damage-inducing events, while evaluating multiple approaches for avoiding injury through reduction or prevention of the associated mechanically induced damage.

Head Injuries and Mental Disorder

1938 ◽  
Vol 84 (350-351) ◽  
pp. 552-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Graves
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Doctor Who ◽  
Mental Symptoms ◽  
Surgical Conditions ◽  
Member Of Parliament

Under the heading of “Injury before Mental Symptoms” it is desirable to consider first the surgical conditions of concussion, cerebral irritability and states of compression with their associated mental symptoms, for these must form a solid background for our consideration of all those cases where there is a head injury and mental disorder supervenes. It is, of course, possible to get an unrecognized fracture of the skull following a slight injury which will cause no further disturbance than, say, a headache. An example of this is supplied in a recent report, where a prospective member of Parliament sustained a fissured fracture of the skull as a result of bumping his head against the roof of a car when going over a hump-backed bridge; but nevertheless went about his business for a month afterwards, ignorant of the fact of the fracture, although experiencing a headache, which eventually sent him to a doctor who, by radiography, was able to make the diagnosis.

scholarly journals Head home: implementation during COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. emermed-2020-211007
Author(s):  
Patrick Aldridge ◽  
Rachel Parish ◽  
Heather Castle ◽  
Emma Russell ◽  
Raj Rout ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Wound Infections ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
Scalp Wound ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

BackgroundRecent research suggests that between 20% and 50% of paediatric head injuries attending our emergency department (ED) could be safely discharged soon after triage, without the need for medical review, using a ‘Head Injury Discharge At Triage’ tool (HIDAT). We sought to implement this into clinical practice.MethodsPaediatric ED triage staff underwent competency-based assessments for HIDAT with all head injury presentations 1 May to 31 October 2020 included in analysis. We determined which patients were discharged using the tool, which underwent CT of the brain and whether there was a clinically important traumatic brain injury or representation to the ED.ResultsOf the 1429 patients screened; 610 (43%) screened negative with 250 (18%) discharged by nursing staff. Of the entire cohort, 32 CTs were performed for head injury concerns (6 abnormal) with 1 CT performed in the HIDAT negative group (normal). Of those discharged using HIDAT, four reattended, two with vomiting (no imaging or admission) and two with minor scalp wound infections. Two patients who screened negative declined discharge under the policy with later medical discharge (no imaging or admission). Paediatric ED attendances were 29% lower than in 2018.ConclusionWe have successfully implemented HIDAT into local clinical practice. The number discharged (18%) is lower than originally described; this is likely multifactorial. The relationship between COVID-19 and paediatric ED attendances is unclear but decreased attendances suggest those for whom the tool was originally designed are not attending ED and may be accessing other medical/non-medical resources

1. Impaling-Type Head Injury in a Road Traffic Incident

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Ahmad ◽  
A Busuttil
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Brain Stem ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Facial Bones ◽  
Traffic Incident ◽  
Fence Post ◽  
The Brain

A fatal impaling-type head injury is described in a young man, sustained when he crashed his car while intoxicated, his head being transfixed by a broken wooden fence post. This shattered the facial bones and damaged the brain stem. Other published instances of impaling head injuries are discussed.

Acute Tissue Tear Hemorrhages of the Brain: Computed Tomography and Clinicopathological Correlations

Neurosurgery ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Wilberger ◽  
William E. Rothfus ◽  
Janet Tabas ◽  
Andrew L. Goldberg ◽  
Ziad L. Deeb
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Diffuse Axonal Injury ◽  
Closed Head Injury ◽  
Sensitive Information ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Clinicopathological Correlations ◽  
Closed Head ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Tissue tear hemorrhages (TTHs) are often seen on high-resolution computed tomographic scans after closed head injury. Generally, TTHs have been thought to be visible manifestations of more severe forms of diffuse axonal injury and thus portend a poor prognosis. Computed tomographic scans from 600 patients with head injuries were reviewed: 48 (8%) were found to have TTHs. The clinical spectrum of TTHs was characterized. No direct relationship could be established between either the presence or the number of TTHs and the severity and/or outcome from the head injury in this group, except that patients with TTHs in both the brain stem and the corpus callosum uniformly had a poor outcome. Magnetic resonance imaging provided more sensitive information than computed tomography in evaluating TTHs.

scholarly journals Improved Hemodynamic Status of Head Injured Patients in the Emergency Unit (ER): Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
Dadi Hamdani ◽  
Fida Husain
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Head Position ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Hemodynamic Status ◽  
Head Injured ◽  
Keywords Head Injury ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
The Brain

Background: Head injury is a serious problem that can lead to death and even death. Handling of head injuries starts from protecting the brain with blood flow to the brain so that hypoxia or brain ischemia does not occur. Hemodynamics is the result of measuring systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, and respiratory rate. Objectives: This literature review aims to find out what interventions can be done when there is an increase in hemodynamic status in head injury patients Methods: This database search was conducted by searching on google scholars with the keywords head injury, hemodynamics. The inclusion criteria of this literature review are articles that were researched within the last 5 years with the year published 2015-2020, full text, using the Indonesian language, the article that used is the article. Results: Interventions that can be done when there is an increase in hemodynamic status in head injury patients are giving oxygen and increasing 30o, giving oxygen through a simple mask and head position 30o, giving head-up position 30o compared to 15o position, giving nasal prong oxygenation therapy and murotal therapy Al-Qur'an for 30 minutes 3 times/day. Conclusion: All interventions resulting from this literature review were in the form of giving oxygen and increasing the head 30o, giving oxygen through a simple mask and head position 30o, giving the head position 30o compared to 15o position, giving nasal branch oxygenation therapy, and murotal Al-Qur'an therapy for 30 minutes 3 times/day.

Central Nervous System Trauma

2018 ◽  
pp. 65-81
Author(s):  
Colin Smith ◽  
R. Ross Reichard
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Abusive Head Trauma ◽  
Subdural Hemorrhage ◽  
Central Nervous System Trauma ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
The Brain

This chapter covers the pathological changes seen in the nervous system, both the brain and spinal cord, as a result of the application of forces, including blunt force, penetrating, and blast head injuries. Forces can result in both focal pathology, such as contusions and subdural hemorrhage, and disseminated pathology, such as diffuse traumatic axonal injury; the macroscopic and microscopic changes of these lesions are discussed. In addition, the age-dependent pathology that may be seen, including abusive head trauma in infants, is discussed. While many of the changes associated with head injury are acute and cause immediate clinical problems, there is discussion of chronic traumatic encephalopathy, an evolving entity possibly associated with the long-term complications of head injury in some individuals.

A crowding factor causing spontaneous decapitation in cultures of the planarian Dugesia tigrina

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1059-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Vowinckel ◽  
Nancy Wolfson ◽  
Joan R. Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Dugesia Tigrina ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
The Brain

Cultures of Dugesia tigrina maintained at densities of around 0.3 worms/ml or more show high frequencies of head injury. Histologically these injuries are seen to include the brain. The percentage of worms with head injuries is related to population density. The volume of culture water and time elapsed since feeding are also seen to influence the occurrence of injuries. The factor(s) concerned appear to be heat stable and dialyzable.

Severe Head Injury linked to Subsequent Development of Malignant Brain Tumour within a Short Period- A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Brain Tumour ◽  
Severe Head Injury ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Malignant Brain Tumour ◽  
Tumour Development ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Brain

There have been a few case reports of head injury leading to brain tumour development in the same region as the brain injury. Here we report a case where the patient suffered a severe head injury with contusion. He recovered clinically with conservative management. Follow up Computed Tomography scan of the brain a month later showed complete resolution of the lesion. He subsequently developed malignant brain tumour in the same region as the original contusion within a very short period of 15 months. Head injury patients need close follow up especially when severe. The link between severity of head injury and malignant brain tumour development needs further evaluation. Role of anti-inflammatory agents for prevention of post traumatic brain tumours needs further exploration.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Treatment Outcomes of Head Injury in Bangladesh: Perspective from the Largest Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukriti Das ◽  
Bipin Chaurasia ◽  
Dipankar Ghosh ◽  
Asit Chandra Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Head Injury ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Acute Subdural Hematoma ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Economic impact is much worse in developing countries like Bangladesh, as victims are frequently male, productive, and breadwinners of the families. Objectives The objective of our study was to highlight the etiological pattern and distribution of varieties of head injuries in Bangladesh and give recommendations regarding how this problem can be solved or reduce to some extent at least. Methods From January 2017 to December 2019, a total of 14,552 patients presenting with head injury at emergency got admitted in Neurosurgery department of Dhaka Medical College and Hospital and were included in this study. Results The most common age group was 21 to 30 years (36%: 5,239) with a male-to-female ratio of 2.6:1. Injury was mostly caused by road traffic accident (RTA [58.3%: 8,484]), followed by fall (25%: 3,638) and history of assault (15.3%: 2,226). The common varieties of head injury were: acute extradural hematoma (AEDH [42.30%: 1,987]), skull fracture either linear or depressed (28.86%: 1,347), acute subdural hematoma (ASDH [12.30%: 574]), brain contusion (10.2%: 476), and others (6.04%: 282). Conclusion RTA is the commonest cause of TBI, and among them motor bike accident is the severe most form of TBI. AEDH is the commonest variety of head injuries. Proper steps taken by the Government, vehicle owners, and drivers, and proper referral system and prompt management in the hospital can reduce the mortality and morbidity from TBI in Bangladesh.

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