scholarly journals Role of common mental and physical disorders in partial disability around the world

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 (6) ◽  
pp. 454-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Bruffaerts ◽  
Gemma Vilagut ◽  
Koen Demyttenaere ◽  
Jordi Alonso ◽  
Ali AlHamzawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Societal Level ◽  
The Individual

BackgroundMental and physical disorders are associated with total disability, but their effects on days with partial disability (i.e. the ability to perform some, but not full-role, functioning in daily life) are not well understood.AimsTo estimate individual (i.e. the consequences for an individual with a disorder) and societal effects (i.e. the avoidable partial disability in the society due to disorders) of mental and physical disorders on days with partial disability around the world.MethodRespondents from 26 nationally representative samples (n = 61 259, age 18+) were interviewed regarding mental and physical disorders, and day-to-day functioning. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview, version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) was used to assess mental disorders; partial disability (expressed in full day equivalents) was assessed with the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule in the CIDI 3.0.ResultsRespondents with disorders reported about 1.58 additional disability days per month compared with respondents without disorders. At the individual level, mental disorders (especially post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and bipolar disorder) yielded a higher number of days with disability than physical disorders. At the societal level, the population attributable risk proportion due to physical and mental disorders was 49% and 15% respectively.ConclusionsMental and physical disorders have a considerable impact on partial disability, at both the individual and at the societal level. Physical disorders yielded higher effects on partial disability than mental disorders.

scholarly journals Parent psychopathology and offspring mental disorders: Results from the WHO World Mental Health Surveys

2012 ◽  
Vol 200 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie A. McLaughlin ◽  
Anne M. Gadermann ◽  
Irving Hwang ◽  
Nancy A. Sampson ◽  
Ali Al-Hamzawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Health Surveys ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Parent Psychopathology ◽  
World Mental Health

BackgroundAssociations between specific parent and offspring mental disorders are likely to have been overestimated in studies that have failed to control for parent comorbidity.AimsTo examine the associations of parent with respondent disorders.MethodData come from the World Health Organization (WHO) World Mental Health Surveys (n = 51 507). Respondent disorders were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and parent disorders with informant-based Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria interviews.ResultsAlthough virtually all parent disorders examined (major depressive, generalised anxiety, panic, substance and antisocial behaviour disorders and suicidality) were significantly associated with offspring disorders in multivariate analyses, little specificity was found. Comorbid parent disorders had significant sub-additive associations with offspring disorders. Population-attributable risk proportions for parent disorders were 12.4% across all offspring disorders, generally higher in high- and upper-middle- than low-/lower-middle-income countries, and consistently higher for behaviour (11.0–19.9%) than other (7.1–14.0%) disorders.ConclusionsParent psychopathology is a robust non-specific predictor associated with a substantial proportion of offspring disorders.

Disability in Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 889-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate M. Scott ◽  
Magnus A. McGee ◽  
J. Elisabeth Wells ◽  
Mark A. Oakley Browne
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Chronic Physical Conditions

Objective: To show the disability associated with 1 month mental disorders and chronic physical conditions for the New Zealand population, controlling for comorbidity, age and sex. Method: A nationally representative face-to-face household survey was carried out from October 2003 to December 2004 with 12 992 participants aged 16 years and over, achieving a response rate of 73.3%. Mental disorders were measured with the World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Disability was measured with the WMH Survey Initiative version of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WMH WHO-DAS) in the long-form subsample (n = 7435). Outcomes include five WMH WHO-DAS domain scores for those with 1 month mental disorders and with chronic physical conditions. Results: Mood disorders were associated with more disability than anxiety or substance use disorders. Experiencing multiple mental disorders was associated with substantial role impairment. Mental disorders and chronic physical conditions were associated with similar degrees of disability on average. The combination of mental and physical disorders had additive effects on associated disability. Conclusions: Mood disorders are disabling. The investigation of disability in relation to 1 month rather than 12 month disorders is likely to provide a clearer indication of the disability associated with mood disorders. Although some researchers have queried whether negative mood can lead to ‘over-reporting’ of disability, recent conceptualizations of disability provide a perspective which may ease such concerns. Comorbidity, of mental disorders or of mental and physical disorders, is disabling.

scholarly journals The individual and societal effects of non-psychotic serious mental disorders on earnings in Belgium

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronny Bruffaerts ◽  
Anke Bonnewyn ◽  
Koen Demyttenaere
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcohol Disorders ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Annual Earnings

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the association between non-psychotic serious mental disorders and earnings in the general population of Belgium on both the individual- and society-level.Subjects and methodsData stem from a cross-sectional population study of the non-institutionalized adult (between 18 and 64) population from Belgium (N = 863). The third version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-3.0) was administered to assess 12-month non-psychotic serious mental disorders and annual earnings. Multivariate approaches were used to estimate the observed and estimated annual earnings for persons with serious mental disorders, controlling for sociodemographic variables and alcohol disorders.ResultsOn the individual-level, 12-month serious mental disorders significantly predicted the probability of having any earnings (OR = 0.32; 95%CI = 0.14–0.74). Respondents with serious mental disorders had 12-month earnings of 5969€ less than expected in the absence of serious mental disorders. Taking into account the prevalence of serious mental disorders (i.e. 4.9%), the society-level effects of serious mental disorders in 2002 can be estimated at about 1797 million € per year for the Belgian general population.DiscussionNon-psychotic serious mental disorders had considerable impact on annual earnings.ConclusionThis is the first study in Belgium that addresses the association between mental illness and earnings. Serious mental disorders are associated with individual- and societal-level impairments and loss of human capital.

scholarly journals The prevalence of family childhood adversities and their association with first onset of DSM-IV disorders in metropolitan China

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lee ◽  
W. J. Guo ◽  
A. Tsang ◽  
Y. L. He ◽  
Y. Q. Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Family Dysfunction ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Childhood Adversities ◽  
Joint Effects ◽  
First Onset ◽  
Best Fitting

BackgroundThe prevalence of family childhood adversities (FCAs) and their joint effects on the first onset of subsequent mental disorders throughout the life course are rarely examined, especially in Asian communities.MethodFace-to-face household interviews of 5201 people aged 18–70 years in Beijing and Shanghai were conducted by a multi-stage household probability sampling method. The first onsets of four broad groups of mental disorders and six categories of FCAs were assessed using The World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI). Joint effects of FCAs were analyzed by the best fitting of several competitive multivariate models.ResultsFCAs were highly prevalent and inter-correlated. Half of them were in a family-dysfunction cluster. The best-fitting model included each of six types of FCA (with family-dysfunction FCAs being the strongest predictors), number of family-dysfunction FCAs, and number of other FCAs. Family-dysfunction FCAs had a significant subadditive association with subsequent disorders. Little specificity was found for the effects of particular FCAs with particular disorders. Predictive effects of FCAs reached the highest in ages 13–24 compared to ages 4–12 and ⩾25. Estimates of population-attributable risk proportions indicated that all FCAs together explained 38.5% of all first-onset disorders.ConclusionsChinese children were exposed to a broad spectrum of inter-related FCAs, as found in Western countries. FCAs related to family dysfunction were especially associated with subsequent mental disorders. Biological and/or environmental factors that mediate these long-term effects should be studied in prospective research on broad groups of FCAs.

scholarly journals Disability and treatment of specific mental and physical disorders across the world

2008 ◽  
Vol 192 (5) ◽  
pp. 368-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Ormel ◽  
Maria Petukhova ◽  
Somnath Chatterji ◽  
Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola ◽  
Jordi Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
High Income ◽  
World Health ◽  
Role Functioning ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Physical Disorders ◽  
Low And Middle Income

BackgroundAdvocates of expanded mental health treatment assert that mental disorders are as disabling as physical disorders, but little evidence supports this assertion.AimsTo establish the disability and treatment of specific mental and physical disorders in high-income and low- and middle-income countries.MethodCommunity epidemiological surveys were administered in 15 countries through the World Health Organization World Mental Health (WMH) Survey Initiative.ResultsRespondents in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries attributed higher disability to mental disorders than to the commonly occurring physical disorders included in the surveys. This pattern held for all disorders and also for treated disorders. Disaggregation showed that the higher disability of mental than physical disorders was limited to disability in social and personal role functioning, whereas disability in productive role functioning was generally comparable for mental and physical disorders.ConclusionsDespite often higher disability, mental disorders are under-treated compared with physical disorders in both high-income and in low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Composite International Diagnostic Interview screening scales for DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1625-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Kessler ◽  
J. R. Calabrese ◽  
P. A. Farley ◽  
M. J. Gruber ◽  
M. A. Jewell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Clinical Epidemiology ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
World Health ◽  
Operating Characteristics ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
The World ◽  
Dsm Iv

BackgroundLack of coordination between screening studies for common mental disorders in primary care and community epidemiological samples impedes progress in clinical epidemiology. Short screening scales based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the diagnostic interview used in community epidemiological surveys throughout the world, were developed to address this problem.MethodExpert reviews and cognitive interviews generated CIDI screening scale (CIDI-SC) item pools for 30-day DSM-IV-TR major depressive episode (MDE), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD) and bipolar disorder (BPD). These items were administered to 3058 unselected patients in 29 US primary care offices. Blinded SCID clinical reinterviews were administered to 206 of these patients, oversampling screened positives.ResultsStepwise regression selected optimal screening items to predict clinical diagnoses. Excellent concordance [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)] was found between continuous CIDI-SC and DSM-IV/SCID diagnoses of 30-day MDE (0.93), GAD (0.88), PD (0.90) and BPD (0.97), with only 9–38 questions needed to administer all scales. CIDI-SC versus SCID prevalence differences are insignificant at the optimal CIDI-SC diagnostic thresholds (χ21 = 0.0–2.9, p = 0.09–0.94). Individual-level diagnostic concordance at these thresholds is substantial (AUC 0.81–0.86, sensitivity 68.0–80.2%, specificity 90.1–98.8%). Likelihood ratio positive (LR+) exceeds 10 and LR− is 0.1 or less at informative thresholds for all diagnoses.ConclusionsCIDI-SC operating characteristics are equivalent (MDE, GAD) or superior (PD, BPD) to those of the best alternative screening scales. CIDI-SC results can be compared directly to general population CIDI survey results or used to target and streamline second-stage CIDIs.

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