scholarly journals Urban–rural differences in incidence rates of psychiatric disorders in Denmark

2016 ◽  
Vol 208 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Vassos ◽  
Esben Agerbo ◽  
Ole Mors ◽  
Carsten Bøcker Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Rate Ratios

BackgroundPeople born in densely populated areas have a higher risk of developing schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism.AimsThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether urban–rural differences in place of birth influence a broad range of mental disorders.MethodPopulation-based cohort study of everyone born in Denmark between 1955 and 2006 (n = 2 894 640). Main outcome measures were incidence rate ratios for five levels of urbanisation and summary estimates contrasting birth in the capital with birth in rural areas.ResultsFor all psychiatric disorders, except intellectual disability (ICD-10 ‘mental retardation’) and behavioural and emotional disorders with onset in childhood, people born in the capital had a higher incidence than people born in rural areas.ConclusionsBirth in an urban environment is associated with an increased risk for mental illness in general and for a broad range of specific psychiatric disorders. Given this new evidence that urban–rural differences in incidence are not confined to the well-studied psychotic disorders, further work is needed to identify the underlying aetiopathogenic mechanisms.

scholarly journals Adolescent cannabis use, baseline prodromal symptoms and the risk of psychosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Mustonen ◽  
Solja Niemelä ◽  
Tanja Nordström ◽  
Graham K. Murray ◽  
Pirjo Mäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Icd 10

BackgroundThe association between cannabis use and the risk of psychosis has been studied extensively but the temporal order still remains controversial.AimsTo examine the association between cannabis use in adolescence and the risk of psychosis after adjustment for prodromal symptoms and other potential confounders.MethodThe sample (n = 6534) was composed of the prospective general population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort of 1986. Information on prodromal symptoms of psychosis and cannabis use was collected using questionnaires at age 15–16 years. Participants were followed up for ICD-10 psychotic disorders until age 30 years using nationwide registers.ResultsThe risk of psychosis was elevated in individuals who had tried cannabis five times or more (hazard ratio, (HR) = 6.5, 95% CI 3.0–13.9). The association remained statistically significant even when adjusted for prodromal symptoms, other substance use and parental psychosis (HR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.1–8.0).ConclusionsAdolescent cannabis use is associated with increased risk of psychosis even after adjustment for baseline prodromal symptoms, parental psychosis and other substance use.Declaration of interestNone.

scholarly journals Risk of Synchronous and Metachronous Colorectal Cancer: Population-Based Estimates in Denmark with Focus on Non-Hereditary Cases Diagnosed After Age 50

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Lindberg ◽  
S. Ladelund ◽  
I. Bernstein ◽  
C. Therkildsen ◽  
M. Nilbert
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Synchronous Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Metachronous Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Rate Ratios

Background and Aims: The risk of synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancer is influenced by heritable and environmental factors. As a basis for comparative studies, we provide population-based estimates of synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancer with a focus on non-heritable cases. Material and Methods: Based on data from national Danish cancer registers, we estimated the proportion of synchronous colorectal cancer and the incidence rates and risks for metachronous colorectal cancer in 28,504 individuals, who developed 577 metachronous colorectal cancer above age 50. Results: Synchronous colorectal cancer was diagnosed in 1.3% of the cases. The risk of metachronous colorectal cancer was associated with sex, tumor location, and age with the strongest influence from the latter. The incidence rate ratios for metachronous colorectal cancer ranged from above 6 in patients below age 65 to <1–3.2 in patients above age 65. The absolute risk of metachronous colorectal cancer was ⩾10% in patients below age 65 and 1.0%–8.0% in patients above age 65. Conclusion: Individuals who develop sporadic, non-inherited colorectal cancer above age 50 are at a significantly increased risk of metachronous colorectal cancer with risk estimates that are strongly affected by age. This observation underscores the need for development of targeted surveillance in the most common clinical subset of colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Incidence of schizophrenia and other psychoses in ethnic minority groups: results from the MRC AESOP Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1541-1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL FEARON ◽  
JAMES B. KIRKBRIDE ◽  
CRAIG MORGAN ◽  
PAOLA DAZZAN ◽  
KEVIN MORGAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Ethnic Minority Groups ◽  
Black Africans ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Rate Ratios

Background. The incidence of schizophrenia in the African-Caribbean population in England is reported to be raised. We sought to clarify whether (a) the rates of other psychotic disorders are increased, (b) whether psychosis is increased in other ethnic minority groups, and (c) whether particular age or gender groups are especially at risk.Method. We identified all people (n=568) aged 16–64 years presenting to secondary services with their first psychotic symptoms in three well-defined English areas (over a 2-year period in Southeast London and Nottingham and a 9-month period in Bristol). Standardized incidence rates and incidence rate ratios (IRR) for all major psychosis syndromes for all main ethnic groups were calculated.Results. We found remarkably high IRRs for both schizophrenia and manic psychosis in both African-Caribbeans (schizophrenia 9·1, manic psychosis 8·0) and Black Africans (schizophrenia 5·8, manic psychosis 6·2) in men and women. IRRs in other ethnic minority groups were modestly increased as were rates for depressive psychosis and other psychoses in all minority groups. These raised rates were evident in all age groups in our study.Conclusions. Ethnic minority groups are at increased risk for all psychotic illnesses but African-Caribbeans and Black Africans appear to be at especially high risk for both schizophrenia and mania. These findings suggest that (a) either additional risk factors are operating in African-Caribbeans and Black Africans or that these factors are particularly prevalent in these groups, and that (b) such factors increase risk for schizophrenia and mania in these groups.

Risk of psychiatric disorders in overactive bladder syndrome: a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 312-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nian-Sheng Tzeng ◽  
Hsin-An Chang ◽  
Chi-Hsiang Chung ◽  
Yu-Chen Kao ◽  
Hui-Wen Yeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Exposed Group ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Increased Risk

Population-based cohort study investigating the risk of depression and other psychiatric disorders for patients with overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome is unavailable. This study investigated the subsequent risk of psychiatric disorders among patients with OAB in an Asian population. Using data from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan, we established a cohort with 811 patients in an exposed group with OAB between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2000, and a non-exposed group, without OAB, of 2433 patients without OAB matched by age and year of diagnosis. The occurrence of psychiatric disorders and Cox regression model measured adjusted HRs (aHR) were monitored until the end of 2013. The overall incidence of psychiatric disorders was 41.7% higher in the exposed group with OAB than in the non-exposed group without OAB (14.2% vs 10.1%, p<0.001), with an aHR of 1.34 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.80, p<0.001) for the OAB cohort. OAB was associated with the increased risk of dementia, anxiety, depressive, sleep, and psychotic disorders, with aHRs as 1.53 (p=0.040), 1.61 (p<0.001), 2.10 (p<0.001), 1.43 (p<0.001), and 2.49 (p=0.002), respectively. The risk of psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety, is significantly higher in patients with OAB than in those without OAB. Evaluation of psychiatric status in patients with OAB is strongly recommended.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence of psychotic disorders: the distribution of rates and the influence of gender, urbanicity, immigration and socio-economic level

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (13) ◽  
pp. 2101-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Castillejos ◽  
C. Martín-Pérez ◽  
B. Moreno-Küstner
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Affective Psychoses ◽  
Economic Level ◽  
Rate Ratios

BackgroundConsidering existing knowledge on the relationship between certain environmental factors and incidence rates of psychosis, we carried out a systematic review to provide a broad and updated picture of the incidences of different psychotic disorder subgroups worldwide and how some environmental factors influence these rates.MethodsStudies with original data related to the incidence of psychosis (published between 2000 and 2015) were identified via searching electronic databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PSYCINFO, PUBMED, and SCOPUS). Data on the following risk factors were extracted: gender, urbanicity, immigration and socio-economic level. Descriptive appraisals of variation in incidence rates (IR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR), with a 95% confidence interval were calculated. In addition, a meta-analysis was performed to calculate IR pooled by diagnosis group and IRR pooled by diagnosis and gender, urbanity, immigration and socio-economic level, using a random effects model.ResultsWe identified 33 reports to analyse. Overall IR per 100 000 persons for non-affective psychoses (IR pooled = 22.53 (16.51–28.54)) were higher than affective psychoses (IR pooled = 7.12 (5.03–9.22)). There was an increase in rates of psychosis in men v. women (IRR pooled = 1.54 (1.37–1.72)), in urban v. rural areas (IRR pooled = 1.64 (1.38–1.95)), in immigrants v. natives (IRR pooled = 3.09 (2.74–3.49)), and in lower socio-economic level areas (IRR pooled = 1.78 (1.43–2.22)).ConclusionsIR among different psychotic disorders was found to vary depending on gender, urbanicity, and immigration (as most of the previous literature focuses on non-affective psychosis or schizophrenia).

scholarly journals Neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in females with Turner syndrome: a population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Björlin Avdic ◽  
Agnieszka Butwicka ◽  
Anna Nordenström ◽  
Catarina Almqvist ◽  
Agneta Nordenskjöld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
National Patient

Abstract Background Turner syndrome is the result of the partial or complete absence of an X chromosome in phenotypic girls. This can cause an array of medical and developmental difficulties. The intelligence quotient in females with Turner syndrome has previously been described as uneven, but considered within normal range. Although their social, intellectual, and psychiatric profile is described, it is unclear to what extent these females meet the clinical criteria for neurodevelopmental or psychiatric diagnoses. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in females with Turner syndrome. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed with a total of 1392 females with Turner syndrome identified through the Swedish National Patient Register and compared with 1:100 age- and sex-matched controls from the general population. The associations between Turner syndrome and diagnoses of neurodevelopmental and/or psychiatric disorders were calculated using conditional logistic regression and is presented as estimated risk (odds ratio, OR, 95% confidence interval, CI) in females with Turner syndrome compared with matched controls. Results Females with Turner syndrome had a higher risk of neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.20–1.57), an eightfold increased risk of intellectual disability (OR 8.59, 95% CI 6.58–11.20), and a fourfold increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (OR 4.26, 95% CI 2.94‑6.18) compared with the controls. In addition, females with Turner syndrome had twice the risk of a diagnosis of schizophrenia and related disorders (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.36–2.88), eating disorders (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.42–2.91), and behavioral and emotional disorders with onset in childhood (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.35–2.99). Conclusions Females with Turner syndrome have an increased risk of receiving a diagnosis of neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder. This warrants extensive assessment of intellectual and cognitive functions from early age, and increased psychiatric vigilance should be a part of lifelong healthcare for females with Turner syndrome.

scholarly journals Neurodevelopmental and Psychiatric Disorders in Females With Turner Syndrome: A Population-based Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Björlin Avdic ◽  
Agnieszka Butwicka ◽  
Anna Nordenström ◽  
Catarina Almqvist ◽  
Agneta Nordenskjöld ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Background: Turner syndrome is the result of a missing X chromosome, partially or completely, in phenotypic girls. This can cause an array of medical and developmental difficulties. The intelligence quote has previously been described as uneven but considered within normal range. Although a social, intellectual and psychiatric profile is described in females with Turner syndrome, it is unclear to what extent they meet the clinical criteria for neurodevelopmental or psychiatric diagnoses. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders in females with Turner syndrome. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was performed with a total of 1392 females with Turner syndrome identified through the Swedish National Patient Register and compared with 1:100 age- and sex matched controls from the general population. The association between Turner syndrome and diagnoses of neurodevelopmental and/ or psychiatric disorders were calculated using conditional logistic regression and is presented as estimated risk (Odds ratio, OR, 95% Confidence interval, CI) in females with Turner syndrome compared with matched controls. Results: Females with Turner syndrome had higher risk of any neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disorder (OR 1.37, 95% Cl 1.20-1.57), an eightfold (OR 8.59, 95% CI 6.58-11.20) increased risk of intellectual disability and a fourfold (OR 4.26, 95% CI 2.94-6.18) increased risk of autism spectrum disorder compared with the controls. In addition, females with Turner syndrome had an increased risk of a diagnosis of psychotic disorders (OR 1.98, 95% Cl 1.36-2.88), eating disorders (OR 2.03, 95% Cl 1.42-2.91) and behavioral disorders (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.35-2.99). Conclusions: Females with TS have an increased risk of being diagnosed with any neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorder. This warrants extensive assessment of intellectual and cognitive functions from early ages and increased psychiatric vigilance should be a part of lifelong healthcare for females with TS.

scholarly journals The incidence of first stroke in and around pregnancy: A population-based cohort study from Sweden

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Ban ◽  
Alyshah Abdul Sultan ◽  
Olof Stephansson ◽  
Laila J Tata ◽  
Nikola Sprigg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Calendar Time ◽  
Birth Registry ◽  
Early Postpartum ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Rate Ratios

Introduction Research has suggested that delivery is associated with an increased risk of stroke in women; however, there is a lack of contemporary estimates on the incidence of stroke in and after pregnancy compared with the baseline risk in women of childbearing age in Sweden. Patients and methods All women aged 15–49 years with live births/stillbirths in 1992–2011 were identified from the Swedish Medical Birth Registry linked with the National Patient Registry. First stroke during the study period was identified. Incidence rates per 100,000 person-years and adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated for antepartum, peripartum and early and late postpartum periods, compared with all other available follow-up time (time before pregnancy and after postpartum) using Poisson regression adjusted for maternal age, education attainment and calendar time. Results Of 1,124,541 women, 3094 had a first incident stroke (331 occurred during pregnancy or first 12 weeks postpartum), about half having ischaemic stroke. The incidence was 15.0 per 100,000 person-years (95% confidence interval 14.5–15.6) in non-pregnant time. The incidence was lower antepartum (7.3/100,000 person-years, 6.0–8.9; adjusted IRR = 0.7, 0.5–0.8) but higher peripartum (314.4/100,000 person-years, 247.5–399.5; adjusted IRR = 27.3, 21.4–34.9) and early postpartum (64.0/100,000 person-years, 54.1–75.7; adjusted IRR = 5.5, 4.6–6.6). The increased risk in peripartum was more evident for intracerebral haemorrhage than other types of stroke. Conclusion Overall risk of stroke was low in women of childbearing age, but stroke risk peaks in the peripartum and early postpartum periods. Future work should address factors that contribute to this increased risk in order to develop approaches to attenuate risk.

Gender–age interaction in incidence rates of childhood emotional disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wesselhoeft ◽  
C. B. Pedersen ◽  
P. B. Mortensen ◽  
O. Mors ◽  
N. Bilenberg
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Emotional Disorder ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Male Preponderance

BackgroundThe post-pubertal association of female gender with emotional disorder is a robust finding. However, studies exploring the association of gender and emotional disorders before puberty are few and present diverging results. The aim of this study was to present gender-specific incidence rates of emotional disorders throughout childhood.MethodThis is a population-based cohort study of 907 806 Danish 3- to 18-year-olds. The outcome was assignment of an emotional disorder diagnosis based on in-patient and out-patient data from The Danish Psychiatric Central Register. Outcome measures were incidence rates and cumulative incidences for unipolar depressive disorder (ICD-10: F32–F33), anxiety disorders (ICD-10: F40–F42), and emotional disorders with onset specific to childhood (ICD-10: F93).ResultsPre-pubertal incidence rates for depressive and anxiety disorders were higher for boys than girls. At age 12 years the pattern reversed. The cumulative incidence for any emotional disorder (F32–F33, F40–F42, F93) on the 11th birthday was 0.52% (95% CI 0.50–0.55) for boys and 0.31% (95% CI 0.29–0.33) for girls. On the 19th birthday cumulative incidence was 2.33% (95% CI 2.24–2.43) for boys and 3.77% (95% CI 3.64–3.90) for girls. The pre-pubertal male preponderance was also significant for depressive disorders (F32–F33, p = 0.00144) and anxiety disorders (F40–F42, F93, p < 0.00001) separately.ConclusionsEmotional disorders seem to display a male preponderance before the age of 12 years and a female preponderance thereafter. Studies exploring this gender–age interaction are needed. Still, the results question the general assumption that females throughout the lifespan are more at risk for emotional disorders than males.

scholarly journals Osteoarthritis and risk of hospitalization for ambulatory care sensitive conditions: A general population-based cohort study

Rheumatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Kiadaliri ◽  
Martin Englund
Keyword(s):  
Ambulatory Care ◽  
Hazard Model ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Main Diagnosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ambulatory Care Sensitive ◽  
Sensitive Conditions

Abstract Objective To determine the association between osteoarthritis (OA) and risk of hospitalization for ambulatory care sensitive conditions (HACSCs). Methods We included all individuals aged 40–85 years who resided in Skåne, Sweden on 31st December 2005 with at least one healthcare consultation during 1998–2005 (n = 515 256). We identified those with a main diagnosis of OA between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2016. People were followed from January 1st 2006 until an HACSC, death, relocation outside Skåne, or December 31st 2016 (whichever occurred first). OA status was treated as a time-varying covariate (those diagnosed before January 1, 2006 considered as exposed for whole study period). We assessed relative (hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox proportional hazard model) and absolute (hazard difference using additive hazard model) effects of OA on HACSCs adjusted for potential confounders. Results Crude incidence rates of HACSCs were 239 (95% CI 235, 242) and 151 (150, 152) per 10 000 person-years among OA and non-OA persons, respectively. The OA persons had an increased risk of HACSCs (HR [95% CI] 1.11 [1.09, 1.13]) and its subcategories of medical conditions except chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR [95% CI] 0.86 [0.81, 0.90]). There were 20 (95% CI 16, 24) more HACSCs per 10 000 person-years in OA compared with non-OA persons. While HRs for knee and hip OA were generally comparable, only knee OA was associated with increased risk of hospitalization for diabetes. Conclusion OA is associated with an increased risk of HACSCs, highlighting the urgent need to improve outpatient care for OA patients.

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