Gender–age interaction in incidence rates of childhood emotional disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Wesselhoeft ◽  
C. B. Pedersen ◽  
P. B. Mortensen ◽  
O. Mors ◽  
N. Bilenberg
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Emotional Disorder ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Male Preponderance

BackgroundThe post-pubertal association of female gender with emotional disorder is a robust finding. However, studies exploring the association of gender and emotional disorders before puberty are few and present diverging results. The aim of this study was to present gender-specific incidence rates of emotional disorders throughout childhood.MethodThis is a population-based cohort study of 907 806 Danish 3- to 18-year-olds. The outcome was assignment of an emotional disorder diagnosis based on in-patient and out-patient data from The Danish Psychiatric Central Register. Outcome measures were incidence rates and cumulative incidences for unipolar depressive disorder (ICD-10: F32–F33), anxiety disorders (ICD-10: F40–F42), and emotional disorders with onset specific to childhood (ICD-10: F93).ResultsPre-pubertal incidence rates for depressive and anxiety disorders were higher for boys than girls. At age 12 years the pattern reversed. The cumulative incidence for any emotional disorder (F32–F33, F40–F42, F93) on the 11th birthday was 0.52% (95% CI 0.50–0.55) for boys and 0.31% (95% CI 0.29–0.33) for girls. On the 19th birthday cumulative incidence was 2.33% (95% CI 2.24–2.43) for boys and 3.77% (95% CI 3.64–3.90) for girls. The pre-pubertal male preponderance was also significant for depressive disorders (F32–F33, p = 0.00144) and anxiety disorders (F40–F42, F93, p < 0.00001) separately.ConclusionsEmotional disorders seem to display a male preponderance before the age of 12 years and a female preponderance thereafter. Studies exploring this gender–age interaction are needed. Still, the results question the general assumption that females throughout the lifespan are more at risk for emotional disorders than males.

scholarly journals Urban–rural differences in incidence rates of psychiatric disorders in Denmark

2016 ◽  
Vol 208 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Vassos ◽  
Esben Agerbo ◽  
Ole Mors ◽  
Carsten Bøcker Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Rate Ratios

BackgroundPeople born in densely populated areas have a higher risk of developing schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism.AimsThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether urban–rural differences in place of birth influence a broad range of mental disorders.MethodPopulation-based cohort study of everyone born in Denmark between 1955 and 2006 (n = 2 894 640). Main outcome measures were incidence rate ratios for five levels of urbanisation and summary estimates contrasting birth in the capital with birth in rural areas.ResultsFor all psychiatric disorders, except intellectual disability (ICD-10 ‘mental retardation’) and behavioural and emotional disorders with onset in childhood, people born in the capital had a higher incidence than people born in rural areas.ConclusionsBirth in an urban environment is associated with an increased risk for mental illness in general and for a broad range of specific psychiatric disorders. Given this new evidence that urban–rural differences in incidence are not confined to the well-studied psychotic disorders, further work is needed to identify the underlying aetiopathogenic mechanisms.

scholarly journals National record-linkage study of hospital admissions for schizophrenia in childhood and adolescence in England

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olena Seminog ◽  
Uy Hoang ◽  
Michael Goldacre ◽  
Anthony James
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Linkage Study ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Childhood Onset ◽  
Affective Psychosis ◽  
Health Service Provision ◽  
Childhood Onset Schizophrenia ◽  
Icd 10

Abstract Background There is a lack of information on changes in hospital admission rates for childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS), or on patient characteristics, to inform clinical research and health service provision. Aims To report age- and sex-specific incidence rates of hospital admissions and day patient care for schizophrenia (ICD-10 F20) and non-affective psychosis (ICD-10 F20-29), by year of occurrence and age, in childhood and adolescence. Methods Population-based study using person-linked data for England (available 2001–2016); time-periods in single years and 4-year groups. Results Hospitalised incidence for schizophrenia increased with increasing age, from 0.03 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.02–0.05) and 0.01 (0–0.01) per 100,000 in, respectively, males and females aged 5–12 years, to 3.67 (3.44–3.91) in males and 1.58 (1.43–1.75) in females aged 13–17 years. There was no gender difference in hospitalised incidence rates in children aged 5–12, but in 13–17 years old, there was a male excess. Rates for schizophrenia were stable over time in 5–12 years old. In ages 13–17, rates for schizophrenia decreased between 2001–2004 and 2013–2016 in males, from 6.65 (6.04–7.31) down to 1.40 (1.13–1.73), and in females from 2.42 (2.05–2.83) to 1.18 (0.92–1.48). The hospitalisation rates for schizophrenia and non-affective psychosis, combined, in 13–17 years old decreased in males from 14.20 (13.30–15.14) in 2001–2004 to 10.77 (9.97–11.60) in 2013–2016, but increased in females from 7.49 (6.83–8.20) to 10.16 (9.38–11.00). Conclusions The study confirms that childhood-onset schizophrenia is extremely rare, with only 32 cases identified over a 15-year period in the whole of England. The incidence of schizophrenia and non-affective psychosis increased substantially in adolescence; however, the marked reduction in the proportion of those diagnosed with schizophrenia in this age group suggests a possible change in diagnostic practice.

Abstract P625: Rate of Hemorrhagic Transformation After Ischemic Stroke and Associated Risk Factors: The Greater Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky Stroke Study (GCNKSS)

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J Stanton ◽  
Eleni Antzoulatos ◽  
Elisheva R Coleman ◽  
Felipe De Los Rios La Rosa ◽  
Stacie L Demel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Hemorrhagic Transformation ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Adjusted Rate ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) of ischemic stroke can have devastating consequences, leading to longer hospitalizations, increased morbidity and mortality. We sought to identify the rate of HT in stroke patients not treated with tPA within a large, biracial population. Methods: The GCNKSS is a population-based stroke epidemiology study from five counties in the Greater Cincinnati region. During 2015, we captured all hospitalized strokes by screening ICD-9 codes 430-436 and ICD-10 codes I60-I68, and G45-46. Study nurses abstracted all potential cases and physicians adjudicated cases, including classifying the degree of HT. Patients treated with thrombolytics were excluded. Incidence rates per 100,000 and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for HT cases, age and sex adjusted to the 2000 US population. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine risk factors associated with HT. Results: In 2015, there were 2301 ischemic strokes included in the analysis. Of these 104 (4.5%) had HT; 23 (22.1%) symptomatic, 55 (52.9%) asymptomatic and 26 (25%) unknown. Documented reasons for not receiving tPA in these patients were: time (71, 68.3%), anticoagulant use (1, 1.0%), other (18,17.3%) and unknown (14, 13.5%), which were not significantly different compared to those without HT. Only 29/104 (18.3%) had HT classified as PH-1 or PH-2. The age, sex and race-adjusted rate of HT was 9.8 (7.9, 11.6) per 100,000. The table shows rates of potential risk factors and the adjusted odds of developing HT. 90 day all-cause case fatality for patients with HT was significantly higher, 27.9% vs. 15.7%, p<0.0001. Conclusion: We found that 4.5% of non-tPA treated IS patients had HT. These patients had more severe strokes, were more likely to have abnormal coagulation tests or anticoagulant use, and were more likely to die within 90 days. We also report the first population-based incidence rate of HT in non-tPA treated of 9.8/100,000, a rate similar to the incidence of SAH.

scholarly journals The Incremental Risk of Pancreatic Cancer According to Fasting Glucose Levels: Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 4594-4599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Hoe Koo ◽  
Kyung-Do Han ◽  
Cheol-Young Park
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Fasting Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Level 1 ◽  
Level 2

Abstract Context It has been unclear whether the risk of pancreatic cancer is different according to glucose levels. Objective To determine the association between fasting glucose levels and pancreatic cancer risk using prospectively collected nationwide population-based cohort data in Korea. Design The National Health Insurance Service database of claims and preventive health check-up data recorded was used between 2009 and 2015. Setting and Participants A total of 25.4 million patients who had participated in a preventive health check-up between 2009 and 2013 were evaluated for pancreatic cancer incidence rates according to fasting glucose level. Main Outcomes Measures The cumulative incidence rate for pancreatic cancer was calculated after grouping according to fasting glucose levels as follows: (i) low normal (<90 mg/dL), (ii) high normal (90 to 99 mg/dL), (iii) prediabetes level 1 (100 to 109 mg/dL), (iv) prediabetes level 2 (110 to 125 mg/dL), (v) diabetes (≥126 mg/dL), and (vi) diabetes on anti-diabetic medications. Results The 5-year cumulative incidence rates (per 100,000) were as follows: (i) low normal = 32; (ii) high normal = 41; (iii) prediabetes level 1 = 50; (iv) prediabetes level 2 = 64; (v) diabetes = 75; and (vi) on anti-diabetic medications = 121. The risk of pancreatic cancer increased continuously with elevating fasting glucose levels (P < 0.0001). The incidence of pancreatic cancer increased significantly with increasing fasting blood glucose levels even after adjusting for age, sex, smoking, drinking, exercise, body mass index, and diabetes duration (P < 0.0001). Conclusions The cumulative incidence rate of pancreatic cancer significantly increased as the fasting glucose level elevated, even in populations with a normal glucose level range.

scholarly journals Links Between Strokes and Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Population-Based Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Farah N. Chowdhury ◽  
G. Sanjaya Chandrarathne ◽  
Kristopher D. Masilamani ◽  
Jennifer T. N. LaBranche ◽  
Shaun Malo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Stroke Subtype ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Centre Of Excellence ◽  
Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Icd 10

AbstractBackgroundHereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a disease of abnormal vasculature where patients are predisposed to strokes of multiple etiologies. We assessed yearly stroke incidence among Albertans with HHT and compared with the general population. Given the tendency for stroke in HHT patients, we expected HHT patients to have higher stroke incidence, in particular at younger ages.MethodsPopulation-based administrative health data on inpatient and ambulatory admissions were extracted over a 16-year period using International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 and ICD-10, Canada codes. We analyzed overall occurrence of strokes in Alberta by age, gender, stroke subtype, and diagnosis of HHT.ResultsThe age-standardized incidence rate of stroke in HHT was 450 per 100,000 compared with 260 per 100,000 in the general population with a rate ratio of 1.73 (95% confidence interval (CI) [1.046-2.842]). This study found a higher HHT prevalence in Alberta (1 in 3800) compared to the world average of 1 in 5000. Women were also more likely to be diagnosed with HHT, with a 3.25:1 female gender preponderance in the yearly incidence.InterpretationThis study not only shows that HHT patients are at higher risk of having a stroke but also quantifies that risk using an age-adjusted metric in Alberta. This province has a higher than expected disease burden of HHT, with the majority of cases affecting women. Our study found that acute ischemic strokes and transient ischemic attacks are far more common than hemorrhage in HHT. As HHT is a rare, multi-system, chronic disease, these patients should be referred to an HHT Centre of Excellence.

scholarly journals Association between anxiety but not depressive disorders and leukocyte telomere length after 2 years of follow-up in a population-based sample

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. W. Hoen ◽  
J. G. M. Rosmalen ◽  
R. A. Schoevers ◽  
J. Huzen ◽  
P. van der Harst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Adverse Life Events ◽  
Antidepressant Use

BackgroundTelomere length is considered an emerging marker of biological aging. Depression and anxiety are associated with excess mortality risk but the mechanisms remain obscure. Telomere length might be involved because it is associated with psychological distress and mortality. The aim of this study was to test whether anxiety and depressive disorders predict telomere length over time in a large population-based sample.MethodAll analyses were performed in a longitudinal study in a general population cohort of 974 participants. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was used to measure the presence of anxiety and depressive disorders. Telomere length was measured using monochrome multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at approximately 2 years of follow-up. We used linear multivariable regression models to evaluate the association between anxiety and depressive disorders and telomere length, adjusting for adverse life events, lifestyle factors, educational level and antidepressant use.ResultsThe presence of anxiety disorders predicted shorter telomeres at follow-up (β = –0.073, t = –2.302, p = 0.022). This association was similar after controlling for adverse life events, lifestyle factors, educational level and antidepressant use (β = –0.077, t = –2.144, p = 0.032). No association was found between depressive disorders and shorter telomeres at follow-up (β = 0.010, t = 0.315, p = 0.753).ConclusionsThis study found that anxiety disorders predicted shorter telomere length at follow-up in a general population cohort. The association was not explained by adverse life events, lifestyle factors, educational level and antidepressant use. How anxiety disorders might lead to accelerated telomere shortening and whether this might be a mediator explaining the excess mortality risk associated with anxiety deserve further investigation.

scholarly journals Increased risk of hyperlipidemia in patients with anxiety disorders: A population-based study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I-Chia Chien ◽  
Ching-Heng Lin
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Secondary Diagnosis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Objective This study examined the prevalence and incidence of hyperlipidemia among patients with anxiety disorders in Taiwan. Methods We used a large dataset containing random samples, and more than 766,000 subjects who were aged 18 years or older in 2005 were identified. Subjects who had more than one primary or secondary diagnosis of anxiety disorders were identified. Individuals who had a primary or secondary diagnosis of hyperlipidemia or medication treatment for hyperlipidemia were also identified. The prevalence rate of hyperlipidemia in patients with anxiety disorders with that of the general population in 2005 was compared. We then followed this cohort to monitor incident cases of hyperlipidemia in anxiety patients, and assessed whether a difference existed from the general population during the period 2006–2010. Results A higher prevalence rate of hyperlipidemia in patients with anxiety disorders was observed as compared with the general population (21.3% vs. 7.6%, odds ratio 2.14; 95% confidence interval, 2.07–2.22) in 2005. Additionally, a higher average annual incidence rate of hyperlipidemia in patients with anxiety disorders was also found as compared with the general population (5.49% vs. 2.50%, risk ratio 1.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.58–1.70) from 2006 to 2010. Conclusions Patients with anxiety disorders had higher prevalence and incidence rates of hyperlipidemia than the general population. Risk factors that were found to be associated with the higher incidence rate of hyperlipidemia among anxiety patients included a greater age, the female gender, and the presence of diabetes and hypertension.

scholarly journals DOP72 Perianal Crohn’s Disease in the biologic era: A population-based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S105-S107
Author(s):  
P Jenkinson ◽  
N Plevris ◽  
M Lyons ◽  
S Siakavellas ◽  
I Arnott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Percentage Change ◽  
Prescription Data ◽  
Annual Percentage Change ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Peri-anal Crohn’s disease (pCD) significantly affects quality of life in patients with CD. The natural history of pCD in the era of biologic therapy is poorly understood. Perianal surgery includes examination under anaesthesia (EUA), drainage of peri-anal sepsis, seton instertion and fistula manipulation. EUA forms part of the standard of care at diagnosis of pCD and therefore can be used as a proxy for incidence of pCD. Methods CD patients were identified from the Lothian IBD registry, a physician validated registry of all IBD cases within Lothian which has been shown to be 94.3% complete. Prospectively collected coding data was used to identify peri-anal surgery, which was validated by review of the electronic health record. Biologic prescription data was extracted from the Lothian biologics database; a physician validated, prospectively collected registry. Time trend analysis was performed for the period 2000 to 2017 by 1) calculating annual incidence rates of peri-anal interventions for all patients with CD and estimating annual percentage change and 2) by calculating cumulative incidence of pCD and biologic prescription in newly diagnosed CD and 3) stratifying by era of diagnosis (Cohort 1: 2000–2008 and Cohort 2: 2009–2017. Results 2937 patients with CD were identified in the study period, with 1108 operations for pCD performed on 381 patients. Rates of surgery fell from 5.1 to 2.0 operations per 100 CD patients per year between 2000 and 2017 (p&lt;0.001) giving an annual percentage change of -3.4% (-4.9% to -1.9% 95% CI) (fig 1). 1753 new diagnoses of CD were made of whom 247 developed pCD. 5 year risk of pCD was 12.8% (9.5–16.6%) with no significant difference identified between cohort 1 (11.5%) and cohort 2 (13.8%) (p=0.116) (fig 2). The 5 year incidence of biologic prescription for patients with pCD increased from 11.2% in cohort 1 to 58.1% in cohort 2 (p&lt;0.001) (fig 3). Figure 1: Number of peri-anal interventions per 100 CD patients per year (multiple procedures per patient included). Figure 2: Kaplan Meier curves showing cumulative incidence of pCD stratified by era of diagnosis. Figure 3: Kaplan Meier curves showing cumulative incidence of biologic prescription in patients with CD stratified by era of diagnosis and presence of pCD. Conclusion The incidence of pCD remains unchanged over time. Although we cannot ascribe causality, the overall decrease in surgery for pCD has been paralleled by a marked increase in the use of biologic medication.

scholarly journals Mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities: prevalence and associated factors

2007 ◽  
Vol 190 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally-Ann Cooper ◽  
Elita Smiley ◽  
Jillian Morrison ◽  
Andrew Williamson ◽  
Linda Allan
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Health Strategy ◽  
Problem Behaviours ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Adults With Intellectual Disabilities

BackgroundReported prevalence of mental ill-health among adults with intellectual disabilities ranges from 7 to 97%, owing to methodological limitations. Little is known about associations.AimsTo determine the prevalence of mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities and to investigate factors independently associated with it.MethodPopulation-based study (n=1023) with comprehensive individual assessments modelled using regression analyses.ResultsPoint prevalence of mental ill-health was 40.9% (clinical diagnoses), 35.2%(DC–LD), 16.6% (ICD–10–DCR) and 15.7% (DSM–IV–TR). The most prevalent type was problem behaviours. Mental ill-health was associated with more life events, female gender, type of support, lower ability, more consultations, smoking, incontinence, not having severe physical disabilities and not having immobility; it was not associated with deprived areas, no occupation, communication impairment, epilepsy, hearing impairment or previous institutional residence.ConclusionsThis investigation informs further longitudinal study, and development of appropriate interventions, public health strategy and policy. ICD–10–DCR and DSM–IV–TR undercount mental ill-health in this population compared with DC–LD.

Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts Among Australian Adults

Crisis ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Pirkis ◽  
Philip Burgess ◽  
David Dunt
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Substance Abuse Disorders

Too little is known about suicidal thoughts and behaviors at a population level to recommend appropriate preventive strategies. Using data from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing (NSMHWB), this study examined rates of, and risk factors for, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. For 10,641 respondents, the 12-month and lifetime cumulative incidence rates of suicidal ideation were 3.4% and 16.0%, respectively; the 12-month and lifetime cumulative incidence rates of suicide attempts were 0.4% and 3.6%, respectively. 12-month ideation was associated with anxiety disorders (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 3.51; population attributable risk percent [PAR%] = 19.6%), affective disorders (RRR = 11.94; PAR% = 38.8%) and substance abuse disorders (RRR = 1.85; PAR% = 6.1%). Attempts in the past 12 months were also associated with anxiety disorders (RRR = 7.06; PAR% = 37.0%), affective disorders (RRR = 12.24; PAR% = 39.5%), and substance abuse disorders (RRR = 2.09; PAR% = 7.7%). Age, marital status, and disability were associated with ideation; marital status and employment status with attempts. Approximately 12% of ideators in the sample progressed to making an attempt; employment status was the only significant predictor. Reducing suicidal ideation and attempts requires a multi-faceted approach that targets those with mental illness but also adopts population-based strategies that address other factors, such as unemployment.

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