scholarly journals Adolescent cannabis use, baseline prodromal symptoms and the risk of psychosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 (4) ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Mustonen ◽  
Solja Niemelä ◽  
Tanja Nordström ◽  
Graham K. Murray ◽  
Pirjo Mäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
General Population ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Temporal Order ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Icd 10

BackgroundThe association between cannabis use and the risk of psychosis has been studied extensively but the temporal order still remains controversial.AimsTo examine the association between cannabis use in adolescence and the risk of psychosis after adjustment for prodromal symptoms and other potential confounders.MethodThe sample (n = 6534) was composed of the prospective general population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort of 1986. Information on prodromal symptoms of psychosis and cannabis use was collected using questionnaires at age 15–16 years. Participants were followed up for ICD-10 psychotic disorders until age 30 years using nationwide registers.ResultsThe risk of psychosis was elevated in individuals who had tried cannabis five times or more (hazard ratio, (HR) = 6.5, 95% CI 3.0–13.9). The association remained statistically significant even when adjusted for prodromal symptoms, other substance use and parental psychosis (HR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.1–8.0).ConclusionsAdolescent cannabis use is associated with increased risk of psychosis even after adjustment for baseline prodromal symptoms, parental psychosis and other substance use.Declaration of interestNone.

Difficulty in making contact with others and social withdrawal as early signs of psychosis in adolescents – the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mäki ◽  
S. Koskela ◽  
G.K. Murray ◽  
T. Nordström ◽  
J. Miettunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Social Withdrawal ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Episode Psychosis

AbstractAimSocial withdrawal is among the first signs of the prodromal state of psychosis seen in clinical samples. The aim of this prospective study was to find out whether difficulty in making contact with others and social withdrawal precede first episode psychosis in the young general population.MethodsThe members of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (n = 6274) completed the PROD-screen questionnaire in 2001–2002. The Finnish Hospital Discharge Register was used to detect both new psychotic and non-psychotic disorders requiring hospitalisation during 2003–2008.ResultsTwenty-three subjects developed psychosis and 89 developed a non-psychotic mental disorder requiring hospitalisation during the follow-up. Of those who developed psychosis, 35% had reported difficulty or uncertainty in making contact with others and 30% social withdrawal in adolescence. In hospitalised non-psychotic disorder, the corresponding precentages were 10 and 13% and in the control group without hospital-treated mental disorder 9 and 11%. The differences between psychotic and non-psychotic hospitalised subjects (P < 0.01) as well as controls (P < 0.001) were statistically significant regarding difficulty or uncertainty in making contact with others.ConclusionsIn this general population-based sample self-reported difficulty or uncertainty in making contact with others in adolescence preceded psychosis specifically compared to hospitalised non-psychotic mental disorders and controls.

scholarly journals Lung function and respiratory diseases in people with psychosis: Population-based study

2015 ◽  
Vol 207 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Partti ◽  
Tuula Vasankari ◽  
Merja Kanervisto ◽  
Jonna Perälä ◽  
Samuli I. Saarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
General Population ◽  
Chronic Bronchitis ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Serum Cotinine ◽  
Increased Risk

BackgroundThere is little information on lung function and respiratory diseases in people with psychosis.AimsTo compare the respiratory health of people with psychosis with that of the general population.MethodIn a nationally representative sample of 8028 adult Finns, lung function was measured by spirometry. Information on respiratory diseases and symptoms was collected. Smoking was quantified with serum cotinine levels. Psychotic disorders were diagnosed utilising the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I) and medical records.ResultsParticipants with schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses had significantly lower lung function values compared with the general population, and the association remained significant for schizophrenia after adjustment for smoking and other potential confounders. Schizophrenia was associated with increased odds of pneumonia (odds ratio (OR) = 4.9), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, OR = 4.2) and chronic bronchitis (OR = 3.8); and with high cotinine levels.ConclusionsSchizophrenia is associated with impaired lung function and increased risk for pneumonia, COPD and chronic bronchitis.

scholarly journals School success in childhood and subsequent prodromal symptoms and psychoses in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 948-955
Author(s):  
M. Lassila ◽  
T. Nordström ◽  
T. Hurtig ◽  
P. Mäki ◽  
E. Jääskeläinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
School Success ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Learning Deficits ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
Special Support ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cohort Learning ◽  
General School ◽  
Relationship Of

AbstractBackgroundLow IQ is a risk factor for psychosis, but the effect of high IQ is more controversial. The aim was to explore the association of childhood school success with prodromal symptoms in adolescence and psychoses in adulthood.MethodsIn the general population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 (n = 8 229), we studied the relationship between teacher-assessed learning deficits, special talents and general school success at age 8 years and both prodromal symptoms (PROD-screen) at age 15–16 years and the occurrence of psychoses by age 30 years.ResultsMore prodromal symptoms were experienced by those talented in oral presentation [boys: adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.49; 95% confidence interval 1.14–1.96; girls: 1.23; 1.00–1.52] or drawing (boys: 1.44; 1.10–1.87). Conversely, being talented in athletics decreased the probability of psychotic-like symptoms (boys: OR 0.72; 0.58–0.90). School success below average predicted less prodromal symptoms with boys (OR 0.68; 0.48–0.97), whereas above-average success predicted more prodromal symptoms with girls (OR 1.22; 1.03–1.44). The occurrence of psychoses was not affected. Learning deficits did not associate with prodromal symptoms or psychoses.ConclusionsLearning deficits in childhood did not increase the risk of prodromal symptoms in adolescence or later psychosis in this large birth cohort. Learning deficits are not always associated with increased risk of psychosis, which might be due to, e.g. special support given in schools. The higher prevalence of prodromal symptoms in talented children may reflect a different kind of relationship of school success with prodromal symptoms compared to full psychoses.

Cannabis, schizophrenia and other non-affective psychoses: 35 years of follow-up of a population-based cohort

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1321-1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Manrique-Garcia ◽  
S. Zammit ◽  
C. Dalman ◽  
T. Hemmingsson ◽  
S. Andreasson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Affective Psychoses ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

BackgroundThere is now strong evidence that cannabis use increases the risk of psychoses including schizophrenia, but the relationship between cannabis and different psychotic disorders, as well as the mechanisms, are poorly known. We aimed to assess types of psychotic outcomes after use of cannabis in adolescence and variation in risk over time.MethodA cohort of 50 087 military conscripts with data on cannabis use in late adolescence was followed up during 35 years with regard to in-patient care for psychotic diagnoses.ResultsOdds ratios for psychotic outcomes among frequent cannabis users compared with non-users were 3.7 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3–5.8] for schizophrenia, 2.2 (95% CI 1.0–4.7) for brief psychosis and 2.0 (95% CI 0.8–4.7) for other non-affective psychoses. Risk of schizophrenia declined over the decades in moderate users but much less so in frequent users. The presence of a brief psychosis did not increase risk of later schizophrenia more in cannabis users compared with non-users.ConclusionsOur results confirm an increased risk of schizophrenia in a long-term perspective, although the risk declined over time in moderate users.

scholarly journals Urban–rural differences in incidence rates of psychiatric disorders in Denmark

2016 ◽  
Vol 208 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Vassos ◽  
Esben Agerbo ◽  
Ole Mors ◽  
Carsten Bøcker Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Rate Ratios

BackgroundPeople born in densely populated areas have a higher risk of developing schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and autism.AimsThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether urban–rural differences in place of birth influence a broad range of mental disorders.MethodPopulation-based cohort study of everyone born in Denmark between 1955 and 2006 (n = 2 894 640). Main outcome measures were incidence rate ratios for five levels of urbanisation and summary estimates contrasting birth in the capital with birth in rural areas.ResultsFor all psychiatric disorders, except intellectual disability (ICD-10 ‘mental retardation’) and behavioural and emotional disorders with onset in childhood, people born in the capital had a higher incidence than people born in rural areas.ConclusionsBirth in an urban environment is associated with an increased risk for mental illness in general and for a broad range of specific psychiatric disorders. Given this new evidence that urban–rural differences in incidence are not confined to the well-studied psychotic disorders, further work is needed to identify the underlying aetiopathogenic mechanisms.

Methamphetamine use and psychotic symptoms: findings from a New Zealand longitudinal birth cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Boden ◽  
James A. Foulds ◽  
Giles Newton-Howes ◽  
Rebecca McKetin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
General Population ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Psychosis Risk

Abstract Background This study examined the association between methamphetamine use and psychotic symptoms in a New Zealand general population birth cohort (n = 1265 at birth). Methods At age 18, 21, 25, 30, and 35, participants reported on their methamphetamine use and psychotic symptoms in the period since the previous interview. Generalized estimating equations modelled the association between methamphetamine use and psychotic symptoms (percentage reporting any symptom, and number of symptoms per participant). Confounding factors included childhood individual characteristics, family socioeconomic circumstances and family functioning. Long term effects of methamphetamine use on psychotic symptoms were assessed by comparing the incidence of psychotic symptoms at age 30–35 for those with and without a history of methamphetamine use prior to age 30. Results After adjusting for confounding factors and time-varying covariate factors including concurrent cannabis use, methamphetamine use was associated with a modest increase in psychosis risk over five waves of data (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–1.72 for the percentage measure; and IRR 1.24, 95% CI 1.02–1.50 for the symptom count measure). The increased risk of psychotic symptoms was concentrated among participants who had used at least weekly at any point (adjusted OR 2.85, 95% CI 1.21–6.69). Use of methamphetamine less than weekly was not associated with increased psychosis risk. We found no evidence for a persistent vulnerability to psychosis in the absence of continuing methamphetamine use. Conclusion Methamphetamine use is associated with increased risk of psychotic symptoms in the general population. Increased risk is chiefly confined to people who ever used regularly (at least weekly), and recently.

610 Self-Reported Sleep and Circadian Characteristics Predict Future Substance Use: A Longitudinal Analysis from the NCANDA Study

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A240-A240
Author(s):  
Brant Hasler ◽  
Jessica Graves ◽  
Meredith Wallace ◽  
Stephanie Claudatos ◽  
Fiona Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Parental Education ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction Growing evidence indicates that sleep characteristics predict later substance use and related problems during adolescence and young adulthood. However, most prior studies have assessed a limited range of sleep characteristics, studied only a narrow age span, and included relatively few follow-up assessments. Here, we used multiple years of data from the National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA) study, which spans the adolescent period with an accelerated longitudinal design, to examine whether multiple sleep characteristics in any year predict substance use the following year. Methods The sample included 831 participants (423 females; age 12–21 years at baseline) from NCANDA. Sleep variables included the previous year’s circadian preference, sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, timing of midsleep (weekday and weekend), and sleep duration (weekday and weekend). Each sleep variable’s association with the subsequent year’s substance use (cannabis use or alcohol binge severity) across years 1–5 was tested separately using generalized linear mixed models (zero-inflated Negative Binomial for cannabis; ordinal for binge severity) with age, sex, race, visit, parental education, previous year’s substance use (yes/no) as covariates and subject as a random effect. Results With regard to cannabis use, greater eveningness and shorter weekday sleep duration predicted an increased risk for additional days of cannabis use the following year, while greater eveningness and later weekend midsleep predicted a greater likelihood of any cannabis use the following year. With regard to alcohol binge severity, greater eveningness, greater daytime sleepiness, and shorter sleep duration (weekday and weekend) all predicted an increased risk for more severe alcohol bingeing the following year. Post-hoc stratified analyses indicated that some of these associations may differ between high school-age and college-age participants. Conclusion Our findings extend prior work, indicating that eveningness and later sleep timing, as well as shorter sleep duration, especially on weekdays, are risk factors for future cannabis use and alcohol misuse. These results underscore a need for greater attention to sleep characteristics as potential risk factors for substance use in adolescents and young adults and may inform future areas of intervention. Support (if any) Grants from NIH: R01AA025626 (Hasler) and U01AA021690 (Clark) and UO1 AA021696 (Baker & Colrain)

scholarly journals Increased risk of COVID ‐19 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a general population‐based cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilun Wang ◽  
Kristin M D’Silva ◽  
April M Jorge ◽  
Xiaoxiao Li ◽  
Houchen Lyv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Increased Risk

Mortality in offspring of mothers with psychotic disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1203-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Suvisaari ◽  
L. Häkkinen ◽  
J. Haukka ◽  
J. Lönnqvist
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
General Population ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Suicide Mortality ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal Suicide

BackgroundPrevious studies suggest that offspring of mothers with psychotic disorders have an almost two-fold higher mortality risk from birth until early adulthood. We investigated predictors of mortality from late adolescence until middle age in offspring of mothers with psychotic disorders.MethodThe Helsinki High-Risk Study follows up offspring (n=337) of women treated for schizophrenia spectrum disorders in mental hospitals in Helsinki before 1975. Factors related to mortality up to 2005 among offspring of these mothers was investigated with a survival model. Hazard rate ratios (HRR) were calculated using sex, diagnosis of psychotic disorder, childhood socio-economic status, maternal diagnosis, and maternal suicide attempts and aggressive symptoms as explanatory variables. The effect of family was investigated by including a frailty term in the model. We also compared mortality between the high-risk group and the Finnish general population.ResultsWithin the high-risk group, females had lower all-cause mortality (HRR 0.43, p=0.05) and mortality from unnatural causes (HRR 0.24, p=0.03) than males. Having themselves been diagnosed with a psychotic disorder was associated with higher mortality from unnatural causes (HRR 4.76, p=0.01), while maternal suicide attempts were associated with higher suicide mortality (HRR 8.64, p=0.03). Mortality in the high-risk group was over two-fold higher (HRR 2.44, p<0.0001) than in the general population, and remained significantly higher when high-risk offspring who later developed psychotic disorders were excluded from the study sample (HRR 2.30, p<0.0001).ConclusionsOffspring of mothers with psychotic disorder are at increased risk of several adverse outcomes, including premature death.

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