scholarly journals Asperger syndrome in childhood – personality dimensions in adult life: temperament, character and outcome trajectories

BJPsych Open ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Helles ◽  
I. Carina Gillberg ◽  
Christopher Gillberg ◽  
Eva Billstedt ◽  
Märta Wallinius
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Diagnostic Stability ◽  
The Stability

BackgroundTemperament and character have been shown to be important factors in understanding psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorder. Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have repeatedly been shown to have a distinct temperament and character, but this has not been evaluated in relation to psychiatric comorbidity and ASD diagnostic stability.AimsTo examine temperament and character in males that were diagnosed with ASD in childhood and followed prospectively over almost two decades.MethodTemperament and character were assessed in 40 adult males with a childhood diagnosis of ASD. Results were analysed by the stability of ASD diagnosis over time and current psychiatric comorbidity.ResultsThree distinct temperament and character profiles emerged from the data. Those no longer meeting criteria for ASD had high reward dependence while those with a stable ASD diagnosis and psychiatric comorbidity showed elevated harm avoidance and low self-directedness and cooperativeness. Finally, those with a stable ASD and no comorbidity showed low novelty seeking and somewhat elevated harm avoidance.ConclusionsTemperament and character are important factors correlated with long-term diagnostic stability and psychiatric comorbidity in males diagnosed with ASD in childhood.

scholarly journals Autism in the Faroe Islands: Diagnostic Stability from Childhood to Early Adult Life

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Kočovská ◽  
Eva Billstedt ◽  
Asa Ellefsen ◽  
Hanna Kampmann ◽  
I. Carina Gillberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Faroe Islands ◽  
Diagnostic Stability ◽  
Good For ◽  
The Stability

Childhood autism or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been regarded as one of the most stable diagnostic categories applied to young children with psychiatric/developmental disorders. The stability over time of a diagnosis of ASD is theoretically interesting and important for various diagnostic and clinical reasons. We studied the diagnostic stability of ASD from childhood to early adulthood in the Faroe Islands: a total school age population sample (8–17-year-olds) was screened and diagnostically assessed for AD in 2002 and 2009. This paper compares both independent clinical diagnosis and Diagnostic Interview for Social and Communication Disorders (DISCO) algorithm diagnosis at two time points, separated by seven years. The stability of clinical ASD diagnosis was perfect for AD, good for “atypical autism”/PDD-NOS, and less than perfect for Asperger syndrome (AS). Stability of the DISCO algorithm subcategory diagnoses was more variable but still good for AD. Both systems showed excellent stability over the seven-year period for “any ASD” diagnosis, although a number of clear cases had been missed at the original screening in 2002. The findings support the notion that subcategories of ASD should be collapsed into one overarching diagnostic entity with subgrouping achieved on other “non-autism” variables, such as IQ and language levels and overall adaptive functioning.

scholarly journals The long-term outcomes of a cohort of adolescents and adults from Greece with autism spectrum disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaia Sevaslidou ◽  
Christina Chatzidimitriou ◽  
Grigoris Abatzoglou
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Adolescents And Adults

Abstract Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Although it is a lifelong condition, treatments and services can improve a person’s symptoms and ability to function. Research on the outcomes in adolescence and adult life and on the associated factors is limited. The objective of the present study is to examine the outcomes as well as the contributing factors in adolescents and adults diagnosed with ASD in Greece. Method Participants included 69 parents of individuals diagnosed with ASD in their childhood. Interviews were conducted with the parents, and archived medical and psychological records were collected. Participants had been diagnosed in the Child and Adolescent Unit of the 3d Psychiatric Clinic of the AHEPA Hospital in Thessaloniki, Greece between 1990 and 2007. Results The overall outcome was poor in most of cases (22.6% “very poor” and 24.5% “poor”); however, a substantial number had “good” (18.9%) or “very good” (22.6%) outcomes. Severity of initial diagnosis (χ2 = 65.956, DF = 8, p < 0.001), presence of comorbid disorders in childhood (χ2 = 14,085, DF = 4, p < 0.007), current comorbidity (χ2 = 15.834, DF = 4, p = 0.003), and certain developmental milestones [early acquisition of language skills (χ2 = 16.991, DF = 8, p = 0.030)] were positively correlated with adult outcomes. Conclusions Overall outcomes in the Greek sample were consistent with international studies. It seems that important contributing factors are comorbidity and especially overall lower cognitive function (intellectual disability), but further research is needed as well as enhanced adult-oriented research and intervention programs.

scholarly journals Psychiatric Comorbidity and Medication Use in Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 3063-3071 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara R. Buck ◽  
Joseph Viskochil ◽  
Megan Farley ◽  
Hilary Coon ◽  
William M. McMahon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Adults With Autism

scholarly journals Comorbidity prevalence, healthcare utilization, and expenditures of Medicaid enrolled adults with autism spectrum disorders

Autism ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 995-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rini Vohra ◽  
Suresh Madhavan ◽  
Usha Sambamoorthi
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Prescription Drug ◽  
Healthcare Utilization ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Office Visits ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Prescription Drug Use ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

A retrospective data analysis using 2000–2008 three state Medicaid Analytic eXtract was conducted to examine the prevalence and association of comorbidities (psychiatric and non-psychiatric) with healthcare utilization and expenditures of fee-for-service enrolled adults (22–64 years) with and without autism spectrum disorders (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision–clinical modification code: 299.xx). Autism spectrum disorder cases were 1:3 matched to no autism spectrum disorder controls by age, gender, and race using propensity scores. Study outcomes were all-cause healthcare utilization (outpatient office visits, inpatient hospitalizations, emergency room, and prescription drug use) and associated healthcare expenditures. Bivariate analyses (chi-square tests and t-tests), multinomial logistic regressions (healthcare utilization), and generalized linear models with gamma distribution (expenditures) were used. Adults with autism spectrum disorders (n = 1772) had significantly higher rates of psychiatric comorbidity (81%), epilepsy (22%), infections (22%), skin disorders (21%), and hearing impairments (18%). Adults with autism spectrum disorders had higher mean annual outpatient office visits (32ASD vs 8noASD) and prescription drug use claims (51ASD vs 24noASD) as well as higher mean annual outpatient office visits (US$4375ASD vs US$824noASD), emergency room (US$15,929ASD vs US$2598noASD), prescription drug use (US$6067ASD vs US$3144noASD), and total expenditures (US$13,700ASD vs US$8560noASD). The presence of a psychiatric and a non-psychiatric comorbidity among adults with autism spectrum disorders increased the annual total expenditures by US$4952 and US$5084, respectively.

scholarly journals Psychiatric Comorbidities in Children With ASD: Autism Centre Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iva Ivanović
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children With Asd

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with social communication deficits, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviours. In this lifelong condition the core features that cause impairment may also be expanded by behavioural and emotional problems. Individuals with ASD are likely to experience a higher prevalence of common mental disorders compared to the typically developed individuals. This high epidemiological burden of various psychiatric disorders among ASD population encourages further research and improvement in diagnostic practise in ASD and comorbid disorders. In this brief research report of a cross-sectional study, I aimed to estimate the psychiatric comorbidity prevalence and describe their general characteristics in children with ASD in the Autism Centre in Montenegro. The study population consisted of 152 patients who were diagnosed with ASD, 117 male and 35 female, and the mean age (SD) was 8.02 (4.26). In this brief research report prevalence of children with ASD with at least one psychiatric comorbidity was 36.84%. Only one psychiatric comorbidity disorder was reported in 17.16%, two in 9.87%, three in 8.55%, and in 0.66% patients four other psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric disorders present in this population sample were attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (17.76%), conduct disorder (13.10%), disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (9.87%), anxiety disorder and insomnia (7.89%), elimination disorder (3.29%), and depression (1.97%).

scholarly journals Brain Volume Analysis with T1-MRI Data in Autism Spectrum Disorder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neda Ghobadi Samian ◽  
Keivan Maghooli ◽  
Fardad Farokhi
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Brain Volume ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
The Brain

Purpose: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by impaired social interactions. Early detection can prevent the progression of the disease. So far, much research has been done to better diagnose autism. Investigation of brain structure using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides valuable information on the evolution of the brain of patients with autism.   Materials and Methods: In this study, we equally selected T1-MRI data from 20 control subjects and 20 patients, aged under 13 years (male and female, right hand and left hand). MRI research has shown that the brain of autistic children has grown locally and globally. In this paper, for the brain volumetric evaluation of autistic patients, the MRI data was segmented and then analyzed with a statistical method, which has been investigated more generally, in both the cortical and subcortical areas. Results: We extracted 110 cortical and subcortical brain areas. The statistical analysis show which areas are important in discriminant between ASD and healthy control groups. According to the results of MRI, an increase in overall growth is seen in the subcortical areas of the brain (amygdala and hippocampus) as well as the cerebellum, but in adults with autism, a decrease in brain volume is seen. Conclusion: In this study, we analyze the T1-MRI data of ASD subjects for early detection of Autism disorder. Our results were shown in the 6 brain areas that have P-values under 0.005. These areas are important in the early detestation and treatment of ASD.

scholarly journals Comparisons Between Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders and Individuals With Down Syndrome in Adulthood

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna J. Esbensen ◽  
Somer Bishop ◽  
Marsha Mailick Seltzer ◽  
Jan S. Greenberg ◽  
Julie Lounds Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Abstract Differences between 70 adults with autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability and 70 age-matched adults with Down syndrome were examined on variables indicative of independence in adult life. Adults with autism spectrum disorder had less residential independence and social contact with friends, had more limited functional abilities and literacy, exhibited more behavior problems, had more unmet service needs, and received fewer services as compared to adults with Down syndrome. Reflecting these differences, adults with autism spectrum disorder were less likely to be classified as having high or moderate levels of independence in adult life as compared to adults with Down syndrome. Predictors of independence in adult life differed for adults with autism spectrum disorder as compared with adults who have Down syndrome. Implications for service delivery are discussed.

scholarly journals A Neurodevelopment Approach for a Transitional Model of Early Onset Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico De Berardis ◽  
Sergio De Filippis ◽  
Gabriele Masi ◽  
Stefano Vicari ◽  
Alessandro Zuddas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systems Of Care ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorder ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Receptive Language ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Neurodegenerative Process ◽  
Developmental Disturbance ◽  
Early Adult Life

In the last decades, the conceptualization of schizophrenia has dramatically changed, moving from a neurodegenerative process occurring in early adult life to a neurodevelopmental disorder starting be-fore birth, showing a variety of premorbid and prodromal symptoms and, in relatively few cases, evolving in the full-blown psychotic syndrome. High rates of co-occurring different neurodevelopmental disorders such as Autism spectrum disorder and ADHD, predating the onset of SCZ, and neurobio-logical underpinning with significant similarities, support the notion of a pan-developmental disturbance consisting of impairments in neuromotor, receptive language, social and cognitive development. Con-sidering that many SCZ risk factors may be similar to symptoms of other neurodevelopmental psychi-atric disorders, transition processes from child & adolescent to adult systems of care should include both high risk people as well as subject with other neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders with different levels of severity. This descriptive mini-review discuss the need of innovative clinical approaches, re-considering specific diagnostic categories, stimulating a careful analysis of risk factors and promoting the appropriate use of new and safer medications.

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