Use of specialist services for obsessive–compulsive and body dysmorphic disorders across England

Aims and methodIn April 2007, the National Specialist Commissioning Team of the Department of Health commissioned a group of services to provide treatment to patients with the most severe and profound obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). We decided to examine the usage of these services across England 4–5 years after the start of the new funding arrangements. This survey used data about patients treated in the financial year 2011–2012.ResultsDespite the services offering intensive home-based as well as residential and in-patient services, there was a greater proportion of referrals from London, the South East of England and counties closer to London.Clinical implicationsIt is important that all patients, regardless of where they live, have access to highly specialist services for OCD and BDD. We discuss potential ways of improving this access but we hope this paper will act as a discussion forum whereby we can receive feedback from others.

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Experiences of Mental Distress during COVID-19: Thematic Analysis of Discussion Forum Posts for Anxiety, Depression, and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Illness Crisis & Loss ◽

10.1177/10541373211023951 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105413732110239

Author(s):

G. Brewer ◽

L. Centifanti ◽

J. Castro Caicedo ◽

G. Huxley ◽

C. Peddie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Mental Distress ◽

Psychological Impact ◽

Discussion Forum ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Care Workers ◽

Positive Experiences ◽

Anxiety Depression ◽

The Impact

The psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on coronavirus patients, health care workers, and the general population is clear. Relatively few studies have, however, considered the impact of the pandemic on those with pre-existing mental health conditions. Therefore, the present study investigates the personal experiences of those with anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder during COVID-19. We conducted a qualitative study utilising Reddit discussion forum posts. We conducted three separate thematic analyses from 130 posts in subreddit forums aimed for people identifying with anxiety, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. We identified a number of similar discussion forum themes (e.g., COVID-19 intensifying symptoms and a lack of social support), as well as themes that were unique to each forum type (e.g., hyperawareness and positive experiences during the pandemic). Findings should guide future practice and the support provided to those living with mental distress.

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Executive functioning in Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852921000705 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

Long Long Chen ◽

Oskar Flygare ◽

John Wallert ◽

Jesper Enander ◽

Volen Z. Ivanov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Executive Functioning ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder

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Examining neurocognition in body dysmorphic disorder using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS): A comparison with obsessive-compulsive disorder

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.094 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 228 (3) ◽

pp. 318-324 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Wei Lin Toh ◽

David J. Castle ◽

Susan L. Rossell

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Neuropsychological Status ◽

Repeatable Battery

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Compliance of community teams with specialist service recommendations for obsessive–compulsive and body dysmorphic disorders

BJPsych Bulletin ◽

10.1192/pb.bp.115.052530 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 245-248 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Paul M. Harris ◽

Lynne M. Drummond

Keyword(s):

Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽

Significant Proportion ◽

Previous Treatment ◽

Limited Resource ◽

Treatment Recommendations ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Post Discharge ◽

Specialist Service ◽

Compulsive Disorder ◽

Body Dysmorphic Disorders

Aims and methodTo examine how often referring community mental health teams (CMHTs) utilised treatment recommendations made by the national highly specialised service for patients with severe obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). We analysed all patient notes for admissions to the unit (August 2012–August 2014) and recorded how many treatment recommendations were implemented by CMHTs prior to admission and at 6 months post-discharge.ResultsOverall, 66% of our recommendations were met by CMHTs prior to admission and 74% after discharge. Most recommendations concerned medication and the continued need for care coordination by the CMHT.Clinical implicationsA significant proportion of patients in our audit did not receive optimum treatment in the community as recommended by our service. As highly specialised services are a limited resource and these patients have not responded to previous treatment, this has implications for the use of such resources.

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Executive functioning in Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

10.1101/2021.04.29.21256321 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Long Long Chen ◽

Oskar Flygare ◽

John Wallert ◽

Jesper Enander ◽

Volen Ivanov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Test Performance ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽

Spatial Working Memory ◽

Clinical Severity ◽

Stop Signal Task ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Compulsive Disorder

Objective: To assess executive functions in patients with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) compared with healthy controls. Methods: Adults diagnosed with BDD (n=26) or OCD (n=29) according to DSM-5, and healthy controls (n=28) underwent validated and computerized neuropsychological tests; spatial working memory (SWM), Intra- extra dimensional set shifting (IED) and Stop signal task (SST), from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Test performance was compared between groups, and correlated to standardized symptom severity of BDD and OCD. Significance level was set to p<0.05. Results: There were no statistically significant between-group differences on key outcome measures in SWM, IED, or SST. There was a weak positive correlation between symptom severity and test errors on SWM and IED in both OCD and BDD groups; increased clinical severity were associated with more errors in these tests. Further, there was a negative correlation between symptom severity and SST in the BDD group. Conclusions: Patients with BDD or OCD did not differ from healthy control subjects in terms of test performance, however there were several statistically significant correlations between symptom severity and performance in those with BDD or OCD. More studies on EF in BDD and OCD are required to elucidate if there are differences in EF between these two disorders.

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The prevalence of autism spectrum traits and autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder: a systematic review

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjo.2021.194 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (S1) ◽

pp. S56-S56

Author(s):

Claire Tiley ◽

Marinos Kyriakopoulos

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽

Functional Impairment ◽

Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Control Group ◽

Obsessive Compulsive ◽

Global Functioning ◽

Compulsive Disorder

AimsAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) commonly co-occur in children and adolescents (C&A); evidence suggests functional impairment is increased in those diagnosed with both disorders. The aims of this systematic review were: 1) To review studies that report on the prevalence of ASD traits and/or diagnosis in C&A with OCD. 2) To review whether the severity of OCD symptoms is related to the severity of ASD traits in C&A with OCD. 3)To review whether the severity of comorbid ASD traits or diagnosis in C&A with OCD impact on their global functioning.MethodThis systematic review was registered in PROSPERO. Prisma guidelines were followed . Electronic searches were carried out on Pubmed, EMBASE and Psychinfo with the use of selected keywords. Inclusion criteria : 1) Participants up to the age of 18 who had an ICD or DSM diagnosis of OCD. 2) Journal articles published in the English, with no date specifications. 3) Papers evaluating ASD diagnosis or traits, or where data on this could be extracted. Exclusion criteria: 1) Papers looking at OCD related disorders such as body dysmorphic disorder, compulsive skin picking, trichotillomania and hoarding disorder. 2) Samples including adults where C&A data could not be extracted. 3) Posters, abstracts and dissertations.ResultA total of 15 studies were included in the systematic review. Seven of these studies directly compared the prevalence of ASD traits (measured by questionnaires) or diagnosis in OCD to a control group or normative data, with all studies reporting a significant elevation in ASD trait scores and diagnosis in OCD. Ten of the studies reported on the correlation between ASD trait severity and OCD severity. Four studies identified a significant correlation between ASD and OCD total scores or specified subscales. In contrast, one study found significantly elevated OCD scores in an OCD only group when compared to a comorbid OCD and ASD group. Three studies reported on the correlation between ASD scores and functional impairment or compared an OCD only group to a comorbid group. All three studies demonstrated that the presence ASD or ASD traits are associated with elevated scores in global functional impairment.ConclusionIn conclusion, this review suggests that there is an increased prevalence of ASD traits and diagnosis amongst C&A with OCD. Elevated ASD traits within this population are associated with a greater impact on global functioning.

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