The Finnish Adoptive Family Study of Schizophrenia

In a study of children adopted at an early age, discrimination between hereditary and family dynamic factors is possible. The biological parents have given the child their genetic characteristics and sometimes the very early environment, while the adoptive parents have provided the more permanent family environment and rearing. The major goal of the Finnish adoptive family study was to re-assess the genetic contributions to schizophrenia and to provide further measures of the adoptive family rearing environment. In other words, we were interested in the joint effects of genetic and family environmental variables and in their possible contribution to both the psychopathology and the healthy functioning of adoptees during their development. This approach paid attention to the possibility that a healthy, possibly protective, rearing family environment may reduce the genetic risk. During the course of the study, we also considered whether the direction of the effects between genetic and family environmental factors can be clarified through a prospective, longitudinal study of the adoptees at risk.

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Exposure to Parental Alcoholism During Childhood and Outcome in Adulthood: A Prospective Longitudinal Study

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.149.5.584 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 149 (5) ◽

pp. 584-591 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

W. R. Beardslee ◽

L. Son ◽

G. E. Vaillant

Keyword(s):

Longitudinal Study ◽

Family Environment ◽

Later Life ◽

Parental Alcoholism ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

The Family ◽

History Of ◽

Highly Correlated ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Children’S Exposure

The effects of children's exposure to parental alcoholism was assessed using records from an existing prospective 40-year longitudinal study of working-class families: 176 men who had grown up with an alcoholic parent or parents were compared with 230 men without such exposure. Degree of exposure to alcoholism in the childhood family environment was highly correlated in later life with alcohol use, alcoholism, time in jail, sociopathy, and death, but not with increased rates of unemployment, poor physical health, or measures of adult ego functioning. Most of the impairments observed occurred in those subjects who actually developed alcoholism. Exposure to alcoholism in the family environment and family history of alcoholism independently contributed to the later development of alcoholism.

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Child-evoked maternal negativity from 9 to 27 months: Evidence of gene–environment correlation and its moderation by marital distress

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579414000868 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (4pt1) ◽

pp. 1251-1265 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

R. M. Pasco Fearon ◽

David Reiss ◽

Leslie D. Leve ◽

Daniel S. Shaw ◽

Laura V. Scaramella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Development ◽

Family Environment ◽

Genetic Risk ◽

Adoptive Parents ◽

Self Report ◽

Adoptive Parent ◽

Birth Mother ◽

Adoptive Family ◽

Gene Environment ◽

Maternal Negativity

AbstractPast research has documented pervasive genetic influences on emotional and behavioral disturbance across the life span and on liability to adult psychiatric disorder. Increasingly, interest is turning to mechanisms of gene–environment interplay in attempting to understand the earliest manifestations of genetic risk. We report findings from a prospective adoption study, which aimed to test the role of evocative gene–environment correlation in early development. Included in the study were 561 infants adopted at birth and studied between 9 and 27 months, along with their adoptive parents and birth mothers. Birth mother psychiatric diagnoses and symptoms scales were used as indicators of genetic influence, and multiple self-report measures were used to index adoptive mother parental negativity. We hypothesized that birth mother psychopathology would be associated with greater adoptive parent negativity and that such evocative effects would be amplified under conditions of high adoptive family adversity. The findings suggested that genetic factors associated with birth mother externalizing psychopathology may evoke negative reactions in adoptive mothers in the first year of life, but only when the adoptive family environment is characterized by marital problems. Maternal negativity mediated the effects of genetic risk on child adjustment at 27 months. The results underscore the importance of genetically influenced evocative processes in early development.

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Interaction between genetic vulnerability and family environment: the Finnish adoptive family study of schizophrenia

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0447.1991.tb03178.x ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 84 (5) ◽

pp. 460-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

P. Tienari

Keyword(s):

Family Environment ◽

Family Study ◽

Adoptive Family ◽

Genetic Vulnerability

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The finnish adoptive family study of schizophrenia: Possible joint effects of genetic vulnerability and family environment

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/0920-9964(88)90085-0 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 1 (2-3) ◽

pp. 133

Keyword(s):

Family Environment ◽

Family Study ◽

Adoptive Family ◽

Joint Effects ◽

Genetic Vulnerability

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Can socioeconomic and psychosocial factors predict the duration of orthodontic treatment?

European Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1093/ejo/cjz074 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 263-269

Author(s):

Kamal Nakhleh ◽

Easter Joury ◽

Rabia Dean ◽

Wagner Marcenes ◽

Ama Johal

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Psychosocial Factors ◽

Family Environment ◽

Emotional Support ◽

Treatment Duration ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Important Predictor ◽

Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽

Prospective Longitudinal

Summary Introduction and objectives Very little is known about the role of socioeconomic and psychosocial factors in predicting orthodontic treatment duration. Thus, this study aimed to test whether socioeconomic position (SEP) and psychosocial factors, namely, family environment and resiliency can predict orthodontic treatment duration. Methods Data were analysed from a hospital-based, prospective, longitudinal study that recruited 145 consecutively selected 12- to 16-year-old male and female adolescents. Baseline SEP and psychosocial data were collected by a validated child self-completed questionnaire before the placement of fixed appliances. Linear regression analysis was used. Results The response rate was 98.6 per cent and the dropout was 8.2 per cent. Maternal emotional support was an important predictor of orthodontic treatment duration. Adolescents with high levels of maternal emotional support were more likely to have a shorter orthodontic treatment duration (by nearly four months) than those with low levels of maternal emotional support (P = 0.02). Parental SEP, paternal emotional support, maternal and paternal control, as well as resiliency were not significantly associated with orthodontic treatment duration (P > 0.05). The multivariable regression analysis (including age, gender, and malocclusion severity) confirmed the significance of maternal emotional support as a predictor of orthodontic treatment duration. Conclusions Maternal emotional support is an important predictor of orthodontic treatment duration. This may be explained by a higher maternal involvement in the orthodontic treatment, which may have facilitated achieving the required orthodontic treatment outcome in a shorter treatment duration.

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