Influences of Adoptive Mother and Father’s Parenting and Child’s Temperament on Adoptees’ Social Skills: A Hybrid Dyadic Analysis

Adoption provides a unique opportunity to study the simultaneous effect on adoptees’ development of environmental influences related to adoptive parenting, and children’s biology-based characteristics. In this paper, two Hybrid Dyadic Models were tested to study the mediational role of the adoptees’ negative reactivity on the relationship between mothers and fathers’ supportive (Model A) and unsupportive (Model B) parenting, and adoptees’ social skills. In a sample of 102 couples, mothers and fathers’ reports on adoptees’ social skills, the adoptees’ negative reactivity, and supportive/unsupportive parenting were explored. Supportive/unsupportive parenting was assessed individually (mothers and fathers separately), whereas the adoptees’ negative reactivity and social skills were treated as common fate variables, with both parents’ scores as indicators of a latent construct. Results were non-significant for Model A. Regarding Model B, different relation patterns between unsupportive parenting and social skills were found, depending on whether it was the mother's or the father's parenting. The child's negative reactivity mediated the relationship between the father's (not the mother's) unsupportive parenting and the child's social skills. With information from both parents and considering simultaneously their unique and shared perspectives, this study advances adoption research and strengthens the relevance of dyadic analyses when studying the adoptive family dynamics.

Essence and social significance of the institute for adoption of a child in the Republic of Uzbekistan

According to the Civil Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the adoption of minor children is carried out only by a judicial body that meets the norms of the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, international law, as well as international agreements of the Republic of Uzbekistan and world practice of adopting children, which is in the best interests of the child. At the same time, there is a growing need for a radical improvement of the institutional and legal framework that guarantees the protection of the legal and legitimate interests of children and the protection of their rights. The purpose of the article is to analyze the legal norms of issues on the adoption of children. Scientific research is based on a set of such private methods as formal-logical, system-structural, comparative-legal, historical, etc., which made it possible to identify and substantiate the concept, essence and social significance of the institution of child adoption in the Republic of Uzbekistan. As a result of the research, it was established that in the science of family law adoption is defined in the following forms: as a legal act; as the upbringing of children in an adoptive family, providing living conditions equivalent to the living conditions of biological children; as a device for minors left without parental care. The article discusses the concepts, essence and social significance of adoption, personal and property rights of adopted children, interests of the child in implementation, procedural issues of adoption

How Inclusive Is the Transgender Persons Act? Evidence From the Ground

The transgender community of India faces numerous challenges and is struggling hard for their survival. They generally beg at signals, impart blessings at religious ceremonies, and engage in sex work for their livelihood. A majority of the individuals of this community belong to low or lower-middle socioeconomic strata. For older adults, survival becomes very hard as they do not have any biological filial relationships or access to formal, steady employment like most of the heteronormative population. It is difficult for the younger transgender women within a gharana (adoptive family) to nourish the elderly and care for all financial needs. Despite the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Act, 2019, hardly any research focuses on the needs of older adults. The authors have attempted to bring the attention of academic researchers and policymakers to one of the most vulnerable communities using a case study of an elderly transgender.

Intentional Kinship through Caring Relationships, Heritage, and Identity: Adoptive Parents’ Inclusion of Non-Biological and Non-Affinal Relationships on Family Maps

Structural open adoption has been beneficial to adoptees in integrating their birth heritage and identity. Adoptive parents also may sometimes seek out others who are neither related biologically nor through partnership to support their child in developing an integrated sense of identity. To what extent do these intentional kinship relationships become incorporated within the adoptive family network and how do adoptive parents view their role in their child’s life? Qualitative data on family inclusion of non-biological and non-affinal kin are reported from interviews with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and heterosexual adoptive parents (n = 25 families). Analyses of verbal and visual data from family map drawing interviews indicated that adoptive parents from the different types of families similarly included intentional kin in their conceptualization of their child’s family. Adopted children’s foster carers, family friends, other adoptive families, and other children and adults were specifically included on family maps to facilitate children’s knowledge of different aspects of their birth heritage and adoption story. The implications of open adoption policy therefore move beyond considerations of only birth family contact. In practice, open adoption procedures convey a broad message to families that appear to widen adoptive parents’ conceptualization of kinship.

The Search for Origin of Young Adoptees—A Clinical Study

In the current area of social media propagation, the adoptees' search for the birth family is increasingly reversed: more and more adopted adolescents are contacted directly by their birth parents, even if they did not search for them. This study explores the impact of these new forms of contact between adoptive family members and birth family members, through the qualitative analysis of clinical protocols of five adoptive families that sought counseling in a clinical setting devoted to international adoption. The interpretative phenomenological analysis revealed three themes. Two of them shared by the parents and their children: the feelings of anxiety and intrusion, as well as the feelings of guilt and debt. The last theme concerns only the parents: feelings of endangered family relations and can be divided into two sub-themes: feelings of threat by the birth family, feelings of an undermined parental role. Nevertheless, these new kinds of confrontations with the children's origins bear a potential of renegotiating adoptive family relationships and positive effects on mutual feeling of filiation. Exploring the impact of the search of adoptees by the birth family enables professionals involved in adoption to improve preventive and supportive work in the adoption process.

How Does Law Prescribe Circulation of Children? Understanding Different Kinds of Movement Within the Adoption Law in India

This article looks at how adoption law prescribes correct contexts for the legitimate movement of children. It is specifically an analysis of the Adoption Regulation of India, 2017, and the Juvenile Justice Act 2015, and the way in which they warrant three kinds of movement of children through adoption: ‘abandonment’/’surrender’, ‘return’ and ‘giving and taking’. By investigating the precise way in which law formulates definition of these terms, this article attempts to understand how legal terminology comes to affect the kind of sites that the biological family, the state and the adoptive family end up becoming.

THE PROBLEM OF THE REVERSIBILITY, CORRECTION AND COMPENSATION OF EMOTIONAL DEPRIVATION EFFECTS OF JUNIOR SCHOOL AGED CHILDREN

The article is devoted to the observation of the overcoming methods of the effects of junior school aged children emotional deprivation.Purpose: to carry the theoretical analysis of the reversibility problem, correction and compensation of the emotional deprivation effects out in the concept of modern investigations and to suggest the own model of overcoming it in junior school aged children.Methods. The learning and the analysis of the emotional deprivation and its effects in children-orphans and in lained parental care children literature; the generalization and systematization of researches devoted to the children emotional deprivation correction; modeling for the construction of the program of overcoming the emotional deprivation effects in junior school aged children in the adoptive family conditions.Results. Due to the theoretical research data it is stated the presence of negative affect of emotional deprivation on children. It is established that the result of emotional deprivation is the complex of defections in physical, psychico, behavioring and social spheres.It is discovered that emotional deprivation effects appear in changing of limbic and endocrine systems, emotional, adaptive, behaviouring and cognitive disorders, psychosomatic diseases and even in deep psycho disorders.It is noticed that the emphasis difficulty of emotional deprivation results is due to the fact that different types of deprivation at once affect on children in the conditions of institutional establishments.It is noted that due to the same deprivation conditions we can observe absolutely different effects in children and the deepness of deprivation damages depends on the duration of child’s being in emotional deprivation situation.It is generalized that with the reversibility aim correction and compensation of emotional deprivation effects may be used readaptation, studying, resocialization, psychological correction, reabilitation, psychotherapy, psychological support. It is made and it is probed in the model of psychological support to the adoptive family with the aim of overcoming emotional deprivation effects in junior school aged children.Conclusions. The psychological support of adoptive families which is realized in the shape of specially organized events (diagnostics, education, correction, development, consulting) is one of the effective instruments of emotional deprivation effects correction in children.Key words: emotional deprivation, reversibility, compensation, correction the model of psychological support, junior school aged children, adoptive family. Статтю присвяченооглядуметодів подолання наслідків емоційної депривації у дітей молодшого шкільного віку.Мета. Здійснититеоретичний аналіз проблеми оберненості, корекції та компенсації наслідків емоційної депривації в руслі сучасних досліджень та запропонувати власну модель її подолання у дітей молодшого шкільного віку.Методи. Вивчення та аналіз літератури з проблеми емоційної депривації та її наслідків у дітей-сиріт та дітей, позбавлених батьківської опіки; узагальнення та систематизація наукових досліджень, присвячених корекції емоційної депривації у дітей; моделювання для побудови програми подолання наслідків емоційної депривації у дітей молодшого шкільного віку в умовах прийомної сім’ї.Результати. За даними теоретичного дослідження констатовано наявність негативного впливу емоційної депривації на дітей. Установлено, що результатами емоційної депривації є комплекс порушень у фізичній, психічній, поведінковій та соціальній сферах. Виявлено, що наслідки емоційної депривації проявляються у змінах лімбічної та ендокринної систем, емоційних, поведінкових, адаптаційних, когнітивних порушеннях, психосоматичних захворюваннях і навіть у глибоких пси-хічних розладах.Зауважено, що складність виділення наслідків емоційної депривації зумовлена тим фактом, що на дітей в умовах інституціональних закладів діють одразу декілька типів депривації.Відзначено, що за одних і тих самих деприваційних умов у дітей можуть спостерігатися абсолютно різні наслідки, а глибина деприваційних уражень залежить від тривалості перебування дитини в ситуації емоційної депривації.Узагальнено, що з метою оберненості, корекції та компенсації наслідків емоційної депривації можуть застосовуватися реадаптація, навчання, ресоціалізація, психологічна корекція, супровід, реабілітація, психотерапія.Розроблено та апробовано модель програми психологічного супроводу прийомної сім’ї з метою подолання наслідків емоційної депривації у дітей молодшого шкільного віку.Висновки. Психологічний супровід прийомних сімей, реалізований у формі спеціально організованих заходів (діагностика, просвіта, корекція, розвиток, консультування), є одним з ефективних інстру-ментів корекції наслідків емоційної депривації у дітей.Ключові слова: емоційна депривація,оберненість, компенсація, корекція, модель психологічного супроводу, діти молодшого шкільного віку, прийомна сім’я.