Seismic Damage Indices for Concrete Structures: A State-of-the-Art Review

1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin S. Williams ◽  
Robert G. Sexsmith
Keyword(s):  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Structural Type ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Individual Element ◽  
Damage Indices ◽  
Modes Of Failure ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Modes Of Vibration

This paper gives a review of seismic damage indices, with particular reference to their use in retrofit decision making. Damage indices aim to provide a means of quantifying numerically the damage in concrete structures sustained under earthquake loading. Indices may be defined locally, for an individual element, or globally, for a whole structure. Most local indices are cumulative in nature, reflecting the dependence of damage on both the amplitude and the number of cycles of loading. The main disadvantages of most local damage indices are the need for tuning of coefficients for a particular structural type and the lack of calibration against varying degrees of damage. Global damage indices may be calculated by taking a weighted average of the local indices throughout a structure, or by comparing the modal properties of the structure before and after (and sometimes during) the earthquake. The weighted-average indices are prone to much the same problems as the local indices. The modal indices vary widely in their level of sophistication, those capable of detecting relatively minor damage requiring the accurate determination of a large number of modes of vibration. The development and application of damage indices has until now concentrated almost exclusively on flexural modes of failure; there is a clear need to investigate the ability of the indices to represent shear damage.

Seismic Damage Analysis on the Continuous Girder Bridge of Urban Rail Transit Line

2014 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 398-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Qing Li ◽  
Yong Jun Ni ◽  
Xin Gang Liu ◽  
Jin Xing Yan
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Urban Rail Transit ◽  
Rail Transit ◽  
Damage Analysis ◽  
Seismic Performance Evaluation ◽  
Damage Indices ◽  
Urban Rail

Seismic damage was the key reason which resulted in the serviceability degradation or collapse of the bridge. How to quantify the seismic damage and evaluate the seismic performance of the bridge under earthquakes through the damage analysis was the significant research direction in the performance based seismic design. In this paper the Park-Ang model (a well-known dual parameters model) and its modification version used for the damage evaluation of the concrete structure were compared. Furthermore, through the definition of the damage indices of the models based on the modified Park-Ang model and the descending slope of the IDA(incremental dynamic analysis) curve, the seismic damage levels of the typical bridge in the urban rail transit line under the designated earthquakes were analyzed, respectively. It was shown from the results that the calculated results from the two model was essentially consistent. The damage analysis based evaluation method was feasibly used for the seismic performance evaluation of the bridge.

Pre- and Post-Tsunami Depth Changes of Submarine Topography for the Analysis of Submarine Landslide-Induced Tsunami: Proposal of Digitization Method and Application to the Case of the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake Tsunamis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuki Murata ◽  
Shinji Sassa ◽  
Tomohiro Takagawa ◽  
Toshikazu Ebisuzaki ◽  
Shigenori Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Submarine Landslides ◽  
Sagami Bay ◽  
Seabed Topography ◽  
Kanto Earthquake ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tsunami Event

Abstract We first propose and examine a method for digitizing analog data of submarine topography by focusing on the seafloor survey records available in the literature to facilitate a detailed analysis of submarine landslides and landslide-induced tsunamis. Second, we apply this digitization method to the seafloor topographic changes recorded before and after the 1923 Great Kanto earthquake tsunami event and evaluate its effectiveness. Third, we discuss the coseismic large-scale seafloor deformation at the Sagami Bay and the mouth of the Tokyo Bay, Japan. The results confirmed that the latitude / longitude and water depth values recorded by the lead sounding measurement method can be approximately extracted from the sea depth coordinates by triangulation survey through the overlaying of the currently available GIS map data without geometric correction such as affine transformation. Further, this proposed method allows us to obtain mesh data of depth changes in the sea area by using the interpolation method based on the IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted) average method through its application to the case of the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake. Finally, we analyzed and compared the submarine topography before and after the 1923 tsunami event and the current seabed topography. Consequently, we found that these large-scale depth changes correspond to the valley lines that flow down as the topography of the Sagami Bay and the Tokyo Bay mouth.

Nonlinear Structural Damage Detection Based on Adaptive Volterra Filter Model

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 1871003 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Prawin ◽  
A. Rama Mohan Rao
Keyword(s):  
Damage Detection ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Time History ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Filter Model ◽  
Volterra Filter ◽  
Damage Indices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Nonlinear Time History

The majority of the existing damage diagnostic techniques are based on linear models. Changes in the state of the dynamics of these models, before and after damage in the structure based on the vibration measurements, are popularly used as damage indicators. However, the system may initially behave linearly and subsequently exhibit nonlinearity due to the incipience of damage. Breathing cracks that exhibit bilinear behavior are one such example of the damage induced due to nonlinearity. Further many real world structures even in their undamaged state are nonlinear. Hence, in this paper, we present a nonlinear damage detection technique based on the adaptive Volterra filter using the nonlinear time history response. Three damage indices based on the adaptive Volterra filter are proposed and their sensitiveness to damage and noise is assessed through two numerically simulated examples. Numerical investigations demonstrate the effectiveness of the adaptive Volterra filter model to detect damage in nonlinear structures even with measurement noise.

scholarly journals Hybrid backpropagation neural network-particle swarm optimization for seismic damage building prediction

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Marina Yusoff ◽  
Faris Mohd Najib ◽  
Rozaina Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Particle Swarm Optimization ◽  
Damage Index ◽  
Particle Swarm ◽  
Seismic Damage ◽  
Backpropagation Neural Network ◽  
Swarm Optimization ◽  
Local Optima ◽  
Damage Indices ◽  
Prediction Problems

The evaluation of the vulnerability of buildings to earthquakes is of prime importance to ensure a good plan can be generated for the disaster preparedness to civilians. Most of the attempts are directed in calculating the damage index of buildings to determine and predict the vulnerability to certain scales of earthquakes. Most of the solutions used are traditional methods which are time consuming and complex. Some of initiatives have proven that the artificial neural network methods have the potential in solving earthquakes prediction problems. However, these methods have limitations in terms of suffering from local optima, premature convergence and overfitting. To overcome this challenging issue, this paper introduces a new solution to the prediction on the seismic damage index of buildings with the application of hybrid back propagation neural network and particle swarm optimization (BPNN-PSO) method. The prediction was based on damage indices of 35 buildings around Malaysia. The BPNN-PSO demonstrated a better result of 89% accuracy compared to the traditional backpropagation neural network with only 84%. The capability of PSO supports fast convergence method has shown good effort to improve the processing time and accuracy of the results.

scholarly journals Characterization by TGA, SEM, and EDX of Polymeric Matrices Used as Cocaine Camouflages

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Díaz V ◽  
William F. Garzón M ◽  
Juan C. Higuita V ◽  
Elisabeth. Restrepo-Parra
Keyword(s):  
Surface Morphology ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Structural Type ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Almost All

In this work, a study of samples that contained cocaine camouflaged inside unidentified polymers was performed. Samples were seized at the Dorado International airport in Colombia. Cocaine was adsorbed or occluded within the matrix. The objective of this research was to extract cocaine from the matrices using soxhlet extraction method. Thereafter matrices were analyzed to determine the surface morphology before and after the extraction. Several morphological differences were exhibited between samples including both adsorbed and occluded cocaine. Moreover, changes in the surface morphology were also observed before and after cocaine extraction. The chemical elemental composition of matrices was also studied using energy dispersive spectroscopy, observing that the alkaloid was totally removed in almost all samples after the extraction process. On the other hand, Thermo gravimetric analysis also allows comparing the results obtained for the samples with patterns of pure cocaine and other polymers as CMC, PVA and HEC, finding several similarities of structural type.

scholarly journals Damage Assessment of Reinforced Concrete Structures: A Review

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Gomasa Ramesh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Damage Indices ◽  
Seismic Damage Assessment

Damage may be assessed using several damage indices with values associated with different structural damage states. The usefulness of a variety of current response-based damage indices in seismic damage assessment is addressed and critically assessed. A novel rational damage assessment method is provided, which measures the structure’s physical reaction characteristics. A practical method based on various analyses is given to evaluate the damaged structures in earthquakes of different intensities. This paper provides an overview of previous research works on the damage assessment of the reinforced concrete structures. This study may be helpful for easy understanding about the damage assessment of reinforced concrete structures and reduce the impacts of disaster and surrounding structures.

Service Life Extension and CO2 Emission due to Silane Treatment on Chloride-Exposed Concrete Structures

2017 ◽  
Vol 728 ◽  
pp. 384-389
Author(s):  
Aruz Petcherdchoo ◽  
Chotima Ongsopapong
Keyword(s):  
Service Life ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Life Extension ◽  
Chloride Diffusion ◽  
Silane Treatment ◽  
Free Service ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Chloride Attack ◽  
Service Life Extension

This study presents assessment of the environmental impact in terms of the CO2 due to silane treatment for extending corrosion-free service life of concrete structures under chloride attack. To achieve this, there are two issues to be addressed; prediction of corrosion-free service life extension, and assessment of the amount of CO2 emission. In predicting the corrosion-free service life extension, the behaviors of chloride diffusion before and after time-based silane treatment are considered. Then, the cumulative CO2 due to silane treatment is accordingly calculated. The ratio of the corrosion-free service life extension to the cumulative CO2 is defined as the effectiveness of silane treatment, and used to compare different silane treatment strategies.

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