Combination intraventricular chemotherapy for meningeal neoplasia.

1986 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Giannone ◽  
F A Greco ◽  
J D Hainsworth
Keyword(s):  
Karnofsky Performance Status ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Response Duration ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Entire Group ◽  
Intraventricular Chemotherapy ◽  
Wbc Count

Twenty two patients with meningeal neoplasia were treated with biweekly combination intraventricular chemotherapy using methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, and thiotepa. Patients with the following malignancies were included: breast cancer, ten patients; lung cancer, seven; non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, two; malignant melanoma, one; transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, one; and malignant glioma, one. Eight of 22 patients (36%) had a Karnofsky performance status of less than 50%. Eleven of 22 patients received radiotherapy to symptomatic areas, and seven received systemic chemotherapy in addition to combination intraventricular therapy. Patients were evaluated for both toxicity and response to therapy. Myelosuppression was the major toxic condition and occurred in 17 of 22 patients (77%). Ten patients (45%) had a nadir WBC count of less than 1000/microL or a platelet count of less than 25,000/microL. No patient achieved a complete response (CR), although nine patients (41%) had partial responses (PRs) lasting 4 to 24 + weeks. Median survival for the entire group was 10 weeks (range, 6 to 24+ weeks). In this small group of patients, simultaneous triple-drug intraventricular chemotherapy caused unacceptable myelosuppression without increasing the response rate, response duration, or survival when compared with single-agent methotrexate and radiotherapy.

Phase II study of single-agent gemcitabine in previously untreated patients with metastatic urothelial cancer.

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 3394-3398 ◽  
Author(s):  
W M Stadler ◽  
T Kuzel ◽  
B Roth ◽  
D Raghavan ◽  
F A Dorr
Keyword(s):  
Karnofsky Performance Status ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Metastatic Urothelial Cancer ◽  
Transitional Cell Cancer ◽  
Grade 3

PURPOSE To determine the activity of single-agent gemcitabine in previously untreated patients with metastatic transitional cell cancer. METHODS Forty patients with measurable disease and a Karnofsky performance status > or = 60% were enrolled at five institutions between March 1994 and October 1995. Treatment consisted of gemcitabine (1,200 mg/m2) administered weekly times three on a 4-week cycle. One patient was ineligible for response evaluation because pathology review showed a metastatic melanoma. Responses were confirmed by all investigators and an independent radiologist and were maintained for at least 4 weeks. RESULTS There were four complete and seven partial responses, for an overall response rate of 28%. Responses were seen at all sites, including liver. Median progression-free and overall survival times were 20 and 54 weeks, respectively. Toxicity was mild, with only two grade 4 toxicities. Twenty-five percent of patients experienced grade 3 neutropenia or thrombocytopenia that was rapidly reversible. CONCLUSION Gemcitabine exhibits significant activity in metastatic transitional cell cancer with minimal toxicity, but survival remains short. Trials of gemcitabine in combination with other active agents are thus suggested.

scholarly journals P14.120 Phase II study of weekly carboplatin in pretreated adult malignant gliomas

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. iii97-iii97
Author(s):  
V Villani ◽  
A Pace ◽  
A Vidiri ◽  
A Tanzilli ◽  
F Sperati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Glioma ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Clinical Benefit ◽  
Phase Ii Study ◽  
Karnofsky Performance Status ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Recurrent Malignant Glioma ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

Abstract BACKGROUND Patients with relapse of recurrent glioma have a poor outcome and limited treatment options. The aim of this study is to investigate the clinical benefit and tolerability of weekly intravenous administration of carboplatin-based monotherapy in adult glioma patients who had progressed from previous chemotherapy lines based on temozolomide and nitrosoureas MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a single arm, Phase II study. Eligibility criteria included progressive or recurrent malignant glioma after radiotherapy and chemotherapy-based treatments and Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) > 60. RESULTS Thirty-two patients (median age: 43.5 y) were enrolled to receive weekly carboplatin monotherapy in intravenous mode of administration. The median duration of response was 7.3 months with an overall disease control rate of 31.3%. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 2.3 months while overall survival (OS) was 5.5 months. Patients achieving clinical benefit exhibited a longer PFS (4.6 vs 1.5 months; p>0.001) and OS (7.9 vs 3.2 months; p=0.041) compared to those not achieving clinical benefit. CONCLUSION Our findings show that single agent, weekly, intravenous carboplatin may have a role in the treatment patients with recurrent malignant glioma

Gemcitabine as a Single Agent in the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Aggressive Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 3786-3792 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Fosså ◽  
A. Santoro ◽  
W. Hiddemann ◽  
L. Truemper ◽  
N. Niederle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Response ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Karnofsky Performance Status ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
World Health ◽  
Hematologic Toxicity ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphomas

PURPOSE: A multicenter phase II trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of gemcitabine in patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-one patients with B-cell intermediate or high-grade NHL (Working Formulation) were enrolled onto the study. The median age was 61 years, with a Karnofsky performance status of ≤ 80% in 65% of patients. Forty-eight percent had stage III or IV (Ann Arbor Classification) at study entry. Pretreatment consisted of one, two, or three chemotherapeutic regimens in nine, 11, and 11 patients, respectively. Gemcitabine 1,250 mg/m2 was administered intravenously over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day schedule. RESULTS: Thirty patients were assessable for efficacy, and 31 were assessable for toxicity. No complete responses were observed, but six patients showed a partial response, 11 stable disease, and 13 progressive disease. The overall response rate was 20% (95% confidence interval, 8% to 39%) for assessable patients and 19% (95% confidence interval, 8% to 34%) for the intent-to-treat analysis. The median duration of partial response was 6 months (range, 3.7 to 15+ months). Nonhematologic World Health Organization grade 3 toxicity included hepatic toxicity in four patients and infection in two. Hematologic toxicity was observed as grade 3 anemia in three patients, grade 3 leukopenia in two patients, grade 3/4 neutropenia in two patients, and grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia in six patients. CONCLUSION: The present schedule of gemcitabine displays modest efficacy and mild toxicity in pretreated aggressive NHL.

Docetaxel and cisplatin in metastatic urothelial cancer: a phase II study.

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 3392-3397 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Sengeløv ◽  
C Kamby ◽  
B Lund ◽  
S A Engelholm
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Urothelial Cancer ◽  
Phase Ii Study ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
World Health ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Metastatic Urothelial Cancer

PURPOSE Docetaxel and cisplatin has documented single-agent activity and different toxicity profiles in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer. We performed a phase II study in which docetaxel was combined with cisplatin to evaluate response rate, toxicity, and survival. PATIENTS AND METHODS Eligibility criteria included performance status (World Health Organization [WHO]) less than 3; normal bone marrow, liver, and renal function; and no concurrent malignancy or symptomatic peripheral neuropathy. Docetaxel (Taxotere; Rhône-Poulenc Rorer, Paris, France) 75 mg/m2 was combined with cisplatin 75 mg/m2 every third week. Patients received premedication with prednisolone and clemastine. RESULTS A total of 25 patients were assessable for response and toxicity. Median age was 64 years; five patients had locoregional disease only and 20 had metastatic disease. Response was achieved in 15 patients (60%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 39% to 79%), including seven patients (26%) who achieved a complete response. Overall median survival time was 13.6 months (range, 1.5 to 26.4+). The most frequent toxicity was nausea and vomiting (80% of patients). Neutropenia grade 3 or 4 was observed in 56% of patients, but only one had febrile neutropenia. Mucositis and diarrhea were encountered in 13% of cycles, mostly grade 1 or 2. Peripheral neuropathy and skin changes grade 1 and 2 were observed in 76% and 36%, respectively. Fluid retention and hypersensitivity reactions were infrequent and mild. CONCLUSION The combination of docetaxel and cisplatin is effective and feasible in patients with metastatic urothelial cancer with a manageable safety profile.

Increased efficacy of stereotactic ablative radiation therapy after bevacizumab in lung oligometastases from colon cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 423-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Mazzola ◽  
Umberto Tebano ◽  
Dario Aiello ◽  
Gioacchino Di Paola ◽  
Niccolò Giaj-Levra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Lung Metastases ◽  
Karnofsky Performance Status ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Angiogenesis Inhibitors ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Group A ◽  
Stereotactic Ablative Radiation Therapy

Aim: Metastases from colorectal cancer are poorly responsive to stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR) due to intratumoral hypoxia. Intratumoral oxygenation is improved by administration of angiogenesis inhibitors. Thus, there could be a clinical synergistic effect of SABR with bevacizumab on metastases from colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of SABR after bevacizumab in lung oligometastases from colon cancer. Methods: The data of patients with lung metastases from colon cancer who underwent SABR were retrospectively evaluated according to the following inclusion criteria: number of metastases ≤3; lung oligometastases from colon cancer in patients who underwent SABR; patients receiving previous chemotherapy alone or in combination with bevacizumab; Karnofsky performance status >80; life expectancy >6 months; at least 6 months’ follow-up after SABR; presence of KRAS mutation. The results were compared with those of a similar cohort of patients with irradiated lung lesions from colorectal cancer in whom bevacizumab was not previously administered. Results: A total of 40 lung metastases were analyzed. The complete response rate after SABR was higher in patients who had received bevacizumab than in those who had not (p = 0.04). Additionally, in the bevacizumab group, a higher rate of post-SABR complete response was observed in case of oligopersistent versus oligorecurrent metastases (p = 0.001). Conclusions: In the setting of lung oligometastases from colon cancer the present study attested the higher efficacy of SABR after bevacizumab administration. Further studies in this field of research are strongly advocated.

The quantification of the catalytic subunit of telomerase in plasma is a prognostic factor in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7052-7052
Author(s):  
R. Sirera ◽  
C. Camps ◽  
L. Llobat ◽  
A. Berrocal ◽  
R. M. Bremnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Advanced Nsclc ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Large Cell ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Catalytic Subunit ◽  
Stage Iiib ◽  
Circulating Dna ◽  
Nsclc Patients

7052 Background: Qualitative and quantitative analysis of circulating DNA in blood is a promising non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic tool. Our aim was to study the association between the free amount in plasma of the catalytic subunit of telomerase (hTERT) and several clinical variables in advanced NSCLC patients. Methods: We examined 451 NSCLC patients in stage IIIB and IV, treated with cisplatin and docetaxel. Blood samples were collected before chemotherapy, and circulating DNA was extracted from the serum using commercial adsorption columns. The amount of free hTERT in plasma was quantified by using RT-PCR. Results: Median age was 61 years [35–82] and 84% were males. 99% had performance status 0–1. 84% were in stage IV and 16% in stage IIIB. The histological subtypes were: 32% squamous cell carcinoma, 50% adenocarcinoma, 14% anaplastic large cell, and 4% undifferentiated. 41% of the patients received second line chemotherapy. 1% achieved complete response (CR), 36% partial response (PR), 35% had stable disease (SD) and 28% progressive disease (PD). Median hTERT value was 4856 ng/ml; for patients in IIIB was 4847 ng/ml [263–964826] and 4886 ng/ml [67–4373520] in stage IV (p = 0.75). There was not association between hTERT values and response to therapy, 20588 ng/ml [122–317251] in the CR+PR group vs 50204 ng/ml [67–4373520] in the SD+PD group (p = 0.09). hTERT values were not related with the localization of the metastasis. Dividing the cohort in two sets according to hTERT median we found two significantly different groups in terms of Overall Survival (OS) and Time To Progression (TTP). Patients with hTERT <4856 ng/ml had a median TTP of 5.3 months (m) [4.4–6.1] while for hTERT >4856 ng/ml was 4.1 m [3.5–4.6], (p = 0.0009). OS when hTERT <4856 ng/ml was 10.1m [4.9–11.3] and for hTERT >4856 ng/ml was 8.4 m [7.2–9.5], (p = 0.01). In the multivariate analysis, hTERT was an independent predictive variable for TTP (HR 1.39, CI 95% 1.1–1.7, p = 0.002) and OS (HR 1.27, CI 95% 1.1–1.6, p = 0.04). Conclusions: In advanced NSCLC patients, the quantification of free circulating hTERT in plasma is an affordable and valuable prognostic marker. High plasma hTERT levels are a poor prognostic indicator for TTP and OS. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Predictive markers for the treatment of colorectal cancer with cetuximab

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 13500-13500 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Razis ◽  
E. Briasoulis ◽  
I. Kostopoulos ◽  
M. Bobos ◽  
C. Christodoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Skin Toxicity ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Egfr Expression ◽  
Gene Status ◽  
Line Of Therapy ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Patients ◽  
Line P

13500 Background: Cetuximab is an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody with activity in colorectal cancer. Patients most likely to benefit should be identified using molecular markers. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on patients treated with cetuximab who had paraffin embedded tissue available for testing. Tumor specimens were tested for EGFR (31G7, Zymed), PTEN (28H6, Novocastra) and pAkt 1/2/3 (Thr 308, Santa Cruz) expression by IHC. The EGFR gene status was investigated by FISH (Vysis). Results: Seventy-two patients were identified. EGFR expression was detected in 32/68 patients tested. PTEN was positive in all cases tested (64/64) and pAkt in 52 of 64 patients, in >70% of cells in 21/64 cases. Most patients were treated with cetuximab in various combinations, three patients received it as a single agent and 7 patients in more than one line of therapy. Median follow-up from diagnosis was 30.7 months and from Cetuximab initiation 6.9 months. Median survival from diagnosis has not been reached yet but from initiation of Cetuximab it is 13.6 months. 19 patients achieved a PR and 1 a CR. Most patients with PR were treated in first or second line however, 6 patients achieved a PR in 3rd line and 3 in subsequent lines. The patient with complete response, was treated in first line with CPT 11 and Cetuximab. TTP was 7.4 months for patients treated with Cetuximab in 1st line, 7.5 in 2nd line and 5.3 in 3rd line. Survival did not correlate significantly with any of the immunohistochemically assessed parameters. TTP correlated significantly with pAkt overexpression for patients treated in 3rd line (p=0.0065). The CR was seen in the only patient with EGFR amplification.The presence of skin toxicity did not correlate with response to therapy. Conclusions: Overexpression of pAkt may correlate with response to Cetuximab in colorectal cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Intra vesical gemcitabine (G) single agent as adjuvant chemotherapy in superficial transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder: Final results

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 5078-5078
Author(s):  
A. Bounedjar ◽  
R. Ferhat ◽  
F. Smaili ◽  
K. Bouzid
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Bladder Carcinoma ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Transitional Cell ◽  
Hot Flashes ◽  
Haematological Toxicity ◽  
Urinary Cytology ◽  
Bcg Therapy

5078 Background: Systemic intravenous G is usually used in advanced bladder carcinoma. A phase I study of intravesical G has shown safety profile in pts refractory to BCG therapy (Dalbani G et al JCO 2002; 20:3193–98). In this study we evaluate the toxicity and the efficacy of intravesical G in patients (pts) with superficial bladder carcinoma. Methods: The study population criteria were: age = 18 years old, histological diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of bladder (Cis and pT1) confirmed by transurethral resection (TUR), no prior chemotherapy, a performance status (PS) < 2, good bone marrow reserve, adequate renal and liver function and informed consent. Three weeks after a total TUR, pts receive intravesical instillation of 2,000 mg G every wk for 6 wks, than every month for six months. Evaluation is performed 3–4 wks after the last instillation (CT scan and/or US pelvis, urinary cytology and cystoscopy with biopsy). Results: From February 2003 to June 2004, 60 pts (57M/3F) were enrolled in the study (M/F = 57/3). The median age was 59,5 years old (24–84). Nine pts had a carcinoma in situ (Cis) and 51 had pT1 lesions. They received a total of 720 instillations. All pts were evaluable for toxicity and response Toxicity (CTC/NCI scale) is evaluated over the 720 instillations. Non haematological toxicity was grade 1: irritate bladder reaction (4.7%), asthenia (2.9%), nausea and vomiting (1.8%) and hot flashes (2%). Grade 1 haematological toxicity: anaemia (6.8%), leucopenia (4.5%) and thrombocytopenia (0.4%). After a follow-up time of 30 to 48 months, all pts were evaluable for tumor response: 53 patient had a persistant complete remission after TUR. Five patients (8.3%) had a superficial relapse of TCC (one at six months, 2 at 9 months and 2 others at 12 months). Two patients had progressive disease at 18 months and 27 months. Conclusion: Intravesical G is an active and well tolerated treatment even after repeated instillation in pts with superficial TCC carcinoma of the bladder. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Activity of MVA 5T4 alone or in combination with either interleukin-2 (IL-2) or interferon-α (IFN) in patients (Pts) with metastatic renal cell cancer (MRCC)

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 3069-3069
Author(s):  
A. Cao ◽  
J. Hernandez-McClain ◽  
J. Willis ◽  
R. Harrop ◽  
W. Shingler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clear Cell ◽  
Karnofsky Performance Status ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Clinical Activity

3069 Background: MVA 5T4 consists of the highly attenuated modified Vaccinia Ankara virus containing the gene encoding the human TAA 5T4. Ninety percent or more of RCCs overexpress the 5T4 antigen. A series of clinical trials were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of MVA 5T4 as a single agent or in combination with Interleukin-2 or Interferon Alpha 2B. Methods: Eligibility: pathologic diagnosis of clear cell or papillary RCC, progressive measurable metastases, any prior therapy, adequate physiologic parameters, Karnofsky performance status (KPS) = 80%, and no active CNS involvement. A regimen of MVA 5T4 alone or in combination with IFN or IL-2 was given. Results: A total of 41 patients received MVA 5T4 alone or in combination. 33 patients received MVA 5T4 with low dose IL-2 or IFN. 23 pts had clear cell; 12 papillary; 5 mixed clear cell; and 1 mixed papillary. 19 pts continue to receive therapy. 2 pts (both clear cell RCC) developed complete responses, 3 pts/partial responses (2 clear cell, 1 papillary) 8 pts/stable for 3+months and 6 pts are too early to be staged at this time. Median duration of therapy is 3.0+ (1+-13+) months. Conclusion: Although comparable antibody response were observed in papillary and clear cell histotypes, clear cell patients appeared to be more likely to respond in terms of clinical benefit parameters, to be presented. Of note is that preliminary analysis of clear cell patients suggests a relationship between the anti-5T4 immune response and tumor response. With the immunological potency and encouraging clinical activity, the future research will focus on the phase 3 randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled parallel group study to investigate whether MVA 5T4, added to first line standard of care therapy, prolongs the survival of patients with locally advanced or metastatic clear cell as well as studies to further optimize MVA 5T4 potency. [Table: see text]

Retrospective analysis of sorafenib as first or second target therapy in mRCC patients in Italian centers: An update.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15524-e15524
Author(s):  
Lisa Derosa ◽  
Angela Gernone ◽  
Franco Morelli ◽  
Teodoro Sava ◽  
Fable Zustovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Target Therapy ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Daily Clinical Practice ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Ecog Performance Status

e15524 Background: With several agents available for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) a better understanding of their use in daily clinical practice is fundamental in the decision-making process. Methods: The REtrospective analysis of Sorafenib (So) as 1st or 2nd targET therapy (RESET) in mRCC was a retrospective, observational field study that assessed the use and safety of So in clinical practice in Italian centers. Treatments were determined by physicians per local prescribing guidelines. Patients (pts) treated with So single agent as 1st or 2nd target therapy (TT) for mRCC between 1st Jan 2008 and 31st Dec 2010 were eligible for inclusion. Endpoints included safety, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival, response rate and treatment duration. Subgroup analyses included age, ECOG performance status, prior therapy, number of metastases and line of TT with So. Results: From Feb to Jul 2012, 358 pts from 37 Italian centers were enrolled. The most common ≥ grade 3 drug-related adverse events were hand-foot skin reaction (6.7%), rash (2.2%), hypertension, fatigue and diarrhea (1.7% each). In the overall population, median OS was 17.2 months (mos) (95% CI 15.4 – 19.6 mos) and median PFS was 5.9 mos (95% CI 4.9-6.7 mos). Median duration of treatment with So was 5.03 mos. Disease control (complete response + partial response + stable disease) was observed in 198(56%) pts. In pts receiving So as first or as second TT median OS was 19.9 mos (95% CI 15.9-25.3 mos) and 16.3 mos (95% CI 13.0-18.2 mos) respectively. In the subgroup of pts treated with So 1st TT followed by sunitinib (Su) 2nd TT (44 pts) and Su 1st TT followed by So 2nd TT (173 pts), median OS was 30.4 mos (95% CI 22.0-34.8 mos) and 16.6 mos (95% CI 13.1-18.2 mos) respectively. There were 269(76%) pts that received a total of 2 lines of therapy for mRCC, 133(38%) pts 3 lines and 43(12%) pts 4 lines of therapy. Conclusions: The efficacy and safety profile of So in the setting of Italian community-based daily clinical practice was similar to data reported in prospective clinical trials. The efficacy of So was observed in both the subgroups of pts receiving So as either the first or second TT for mRCC, with intriguing OS data in first line.

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