Detection of thyroglobulin, thyroid peroxidase, and RET/PTC1 mRNA transcripts in the peripheral blood of patients with thyroid disease.

PURPOSE Detection of mRNA transcripts for thyroglobulin (TG), thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and RET/PTC1 in the peripheral blood of patients with thyroid disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS TG, TPO, and RET/PTC1 mRNA were analyzed in 52 peripheral-blood samples from 44 patients diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma (24 patients), adenoma (five patients), and nodular hyperplasia (15 patients) by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS TG and TPO were identified in 13 patients (54.2%) with thyroid carcinoma, which includes five of eight patients with no clinical evidence of disease at the time of blood collection. Four of 5 patients had cervical lymph node metastases and/or extrathyroid extension at the time of the initial surgery. RET/PTC1 mRNA was detected in the peripheral blood of only one patient with papillary thyroid carcinoma. This sample was also positive for TG and TPO. TG and TPO were detected in two patients (10%) with benign thyroid nodules. All positive samples from patients with benign thyroid lesions were collected before surgery, whereas all samples collected after surgery were negative. RET/PTC1 mRNA was not detected in any of the patients with benign thyroid nodules. RT-PCR positivity for TG and TPO mRNA was higher in patients with carcinoma than in patients with benign lesions (P = .002). CONCLUSION TG, TPO, and RET/PTC1 mRNA are detectable in the peripheral blood of patients with thyroid disease, which correlates with a diagnosis of carcinoma.

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T2* mapping at 3.0T MRI for differentiation of papillary thyroid carcinoma from benign thyroid nodules

Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

10.1002/jmri.25041 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 956-961 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ruoyang Shi ◽

Qiuying Yao ◽

Lianming Wu ◽

Qinyi Zhou ◽

Qing Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

T2 Mapping ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

3.0T Mri ◽

Benign Thyroid Nodules ◽

Benign Thyroid

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Immunohistochemical Study of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Possible Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma-related Benign Thyroid Nodules

Pathology - Research and Practice ◽

10.1016/s0344-0338(00)80025-4 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 196 (8) ◽

pp. 533-540 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Kien T. Mai ◽

Jason C. Ford ◽

Hossein M. Yazdi ◽

D. Garth Perkins ◽

A. Susan Commons

Keyword(s):

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Immunohistochemical Study ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Benign Thyroid Nodules ◽

Benign Thyroid

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Altered Serum MicroRNA Profile May Serve as an Auxiliary Tool for Discriminating Aggressive Thyroid Carcinoma from Nonaggressive Thyroid Cancer and Benign Thyroid Nodules

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2019/3717683 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Aisen Zhang ◽

Cheng Wang ◽

Hui Lu ◽

Xi Chen ◽

Yi Ba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Mirna Expression Profile ◽

Control Group ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Benign Nodule ◽

Benign Thyroid Nodules ◽

Benign Thyroid

Thyroid cancers are the most common malignancy of the endocrine system; however, there is no reliable blood biomarkers for thyroid cancer diagnosis and even for aggressive and nonaggressive thyroid cancers as well as benign nodule discrimination. The present study is aimed at evaluating whether circulating microRNA (miRNA) can differentiate aggressive and nonaggressive thyroid cancer from benign thyroid nodules. In this study, we performed a multiphase, case-control study to screen serum miRNA expression profile in 100 patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), 15 patients with aggressive medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), 91 patients with benign nodules, and 89 healthy controls using TaqMan low-density array followed by extensive reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR validation. The results showed that the serum levels of miR-222-3p, miR-17-5p, and miR-451a were markedly increased, while miR-146a-5p, miR-132-3p, and miR-183-3p were significantly decreased in the PTC and benign nodule groups compared with the control group. There was no difference in the miRNA expression profile between the PTC group and the benign nodule group. Nevertheless, the serum levels of miR-222-3p and miR-17-5p were significantly increased in the MTC group than the benign nodule and control group. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic curve analyses demonstrated that the 2 miRNAs and their panel can accurately discriminate MTC from the benign nodule group and healthy controls. These findings indicated that the altered circulating miRNAs may discriminate PTC and benign thyroid nodules from controls, and serum miR-222-3p and miR-17-5p have the potential to serve as auxiliary tools for diagnosing more aggressive thyroid carcinomas, such as MTC.

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Circulating Cytokeratin 19 Fragments in Patients with benign Nodules and Carcinomas of the Thyroid Gland

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.1177/172460080802300109 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 54-57 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L. Giovanella ◽

L. Ceriani ◽

A. Ghelfo ◽

M. Maffioli

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Cytokeratin 19 ◽

Thyroid Carcinomas ◽

Poorly Differentiated ◽

Benign Nodules ◽

Thyroid Malignancies ◽

Benign Thyroid Nodules ◽

Benign Thyroid

Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) is an acidic protein of 40 kDa that is part of the cytoskeleton of epithelial cells and is highly expressed by differentiated thyroid carcinomas, mainly of the papillary subtype. The soluble fragments of CK19 (Cyfra 21.1) can be measured by immunometric assays employing specific monoclonal antibodies. The present study was planned to assess the serum expression of Cyfra 21.1 in patients with benign thyroid nodules and thyroid malignancies. We enrolled 135 patients with histologically proven benign thyroid nodules (n=79) and thyroid carcinomas (n=56). No differences were found in serum Cyfra 21.1 levels between patients with benign nodules and patients with carcinomas. When thyroid malignancies were subdivided according to tumor histology, serum Cyfra 21.1 increased significantly from classical differentiated thyroid carcinomas (papillary or follicular) to less differentiated or undifferentiated carcinomas (poorly differentiated or anaplastic). CK19 release into the bloodstream is strongly related to the apoptotic pathway, and particularly to hyperproliferation-related apoptosis. These pathways characterized anaplastic and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma but not classical forms of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Consequently, Cyfra 21.1 may be regarded as a circulating marker of poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Additionally, a role of Cyfra 21.1 as a dedifferentiation marker in patients with classical differentiated thyroid carcinomas may be postulated and should be explored by further focused studies.

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Preoperative Thyrotropin Serum Concentrations Gradually Increase from Benign Thyroid Nodules to Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinomas Then to Papillary Thyroid Cancers of Larger Size

Journal of Thyroid Research ◽

10.1155/2012/530721 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Carles Zafon ◽

Gabriel Obiols ◽

Juan Antonio Baena ◽

Josep Castellví ◽

Belen Dalama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Final Diagnosis ◽

Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Preoperative Serum ◽

Malignant Lesions ◽

Benign Thyroid Nodules ◽

Benign Thyroid ◽

Tsh Levels

We evaluated the preoperative serum thyrotropin (TSH) levels in 386 patients operated on for nodular thyroid disease (NTD). TSH levels for cases with final benign disease and differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) were compared. No evidence of cancer was detected in 310 patients (80.3%), whereas malignancy was present in 76 cases (19.7%). Mean TSH concentration was mU/L in benign patients and in cases with malignant lesions (). The group of malignancy was subdivided in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTMC) versus thyroid cancer of larger size (TCLS). Mean TSH was in PTMC and in TCLS. Significant differences were found when all groups (benign, PTMC and TCLS) were compared (). However, pairwise comparisons between them showed that differences were only significant between benign and TCLS groups (). In conclusion, TSH levels were higher in patients with a final diagnosis of DTC. Moreover, it appears that there exists an increment in tumor size as a function of increment in the TSH level.

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Altered expression of DLG1-AS1 distinguished papillary thyroid carcinoma from benign thyroid nodules

BMC Endocrine Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12902-019-0440-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tao He ◽

Huan Wang ◽

Jiangming Sun ◽

Jie Wu ◽

Fakuo Gong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Carcinoma ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Curve Analysis ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Papillary Thyroid ◽

Roc Curve Analysis ◽

Altered Expression ◽

Benign Thyroid Nodules ◽

Benign Thyroid

Abstract Background Benign thyroid nodules (BTN) are frequently diagnosed as papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), leading to unnecessary treatment. We found that plasma lncRNA DLG1-AS1 was upregulated in PTC patients but not in BTN patients and healthy controls. Methods In this study DLG1-AS1 and miR-199a-3p in plasma of both PTC patients and BTN patients were detected by qPCR. ROC curve analysis was performed for diagnostic analysis. Overexpression experiments were performed to analyze the interaction between DLG1-AS1 and miR-199a-3p. CCK-8 assay was performed to analyze cell proliferation. Results In this study, upregulation of DLG1-AS1 distinguished PTC patients from BTN patients and healthy controls. Plasma miR-199a-3p was downregulated in PTC patients compared with healthy controls and BTN patients. Plasma levels of miR-199a-3p were inversely correlated in PTC patients, but not in BTN patients and healthy controls. miR-199a-3p overexpression failed to significantly affect DLG1-AS1, while DLG1-AS1 overexpression resulted in downregulated miR-199a-3p, In addition, DLG1-AS1 overexpression promoted the proliferation of PTC cells. miR-199a-3p overexpression played an opposite role and attenuated the effects of DLG1-AS1 overexpression. Conclusions Therefore, DLG1-AS1 may promote PTC by downregulating miR-199a-3p.

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Detection of thyroid peroxidase mRNA in peripheral blood of patients with malignant and benign thyroid diseases

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/jme.0.0290287 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 287-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

SJ Roddiger ◽

J Bojunga ◽

V Klee ◽

M Stanisch ◽

H Renneberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Lymph Node ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Metastatic Disease ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Thyroid Disease ◽

Lymph Node Status ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Serum Thyroglobulin

The aim of this study was to evaluate thyroid peroxidase (TPO) mRNA expression in peripheral blood of patients with benign and malignant thyroid disease. Included were 120 thyroid cancer patients, 85 patients with goitre or Graves' disease (GD) and 54 healthy volunteers. TPO mRNA expression was analysed in peripheral blood by nested RT-PCR. In cancer patients, RT-PCR results were compared with staging, grading and serum thyroglobulin (TG) measurement. TPO transcripts were detected in 7/10 (70%) patients with known metastases of thyroid cancer and in 39 of 110 (36%) patients without metastases (P<0.05), in 15/44 (34%) patients with goitre, in 17/41 (41%) cases with GD and in 4/54 (7.4%) subjects in the control group (P<0.05, controls vs all patients with thyroid disease). Among cancer patients without metastatic disease, RT-PCR results correlated positively with lymph node status (P=0.05), grading (P=0.01) and elevated serum thyroglobulin levels (P=0.03). This is the largest study investigating the use of the TPO-RT-PCR assay. Positivity in TPO-RT-PCR correlates significantly with metastatic disease in cancer patients and with the presence of thyroid disease in general. To date, TPO-RT-PCR cannot substitute for standard techniques in the diagnosis of local recurrence or metastatic spread in thyroid cancer patients. However, as results of TPO-RT-PCR correlate significantly with lymph node status, grading and serum TG measurements in patients with non-metastatic disease, TPO seems to be an interesting molecular marker to look at in follow-up studies.

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MON-458 Elevated Thyroglobulin Level in Benign Thyroid Nodule

Journal of the Endocrine Society ◽

10.1210/jendso/bvaa046.1436 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Cara Murphy ◽

Ankur Gupta

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Cancer ◽

Thyroid Nodule ◽

Thyroid Nodules ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Thyroglobulin Antibody ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Thyroglobulin Level ◽

Neck Pressure ◽

Benign Thyroid Nodules ◽

Benign Thyroid

Abstract Background: Elevated thyroglobulin levels are most commonly associated with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and these levels are often used to monitor for disease recurrence. Thyroglobulin antibody levels can be elevated in both Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis and Graves’ Disease and these antibodies can interfere with thyroglobulin levels as detailed by Spencer, Wang (1). With benign thyroid nodules, there is limited research regarding thyroglobulin levels as studied in Chinnappa, et al (2). Clinical Case: A 31-year woman presented with a palpable thyroid nodule and dysphagia. Her primary care physician ordered thyroid labs including normal TSH (1.3 mIU/L, n0.4-4 mIU/L), normal thyroid peroxidase antibody (56 units, n<250units), normal thyroglobulin antibody level (<1 IU/mL, n<1 IU/mL), and elevated thyroglobulin level (469.1 ng/mL, n2.8-40.9 ng/mL). Her thyroglobulin levels remained elevated on repeat testing (224.4 ng/mL, n2.8-40.9) one month later. In addition, her thyroglobulin lab studies were repeated with HAMA treatment and remained elevated (277.7 ng/mL, n2.8-40.9). Office ultrasound showed longest dimension of nodule to be 5 cm and patient received FNA biopsy. Biopsy results were reported as a benign nodule and it was recommended to follow-up in 12 months. Six months later the patient reported having increasing dysphagia. She underwent Barium swallow which showed no abnormalities. She had a growth increase of 35% on repeat imaging along with increasing neck pressure and discomfort and was referred to an ENT for surgery. Final pathology after left thyroid and isthmus thyroidectomy was reported as “Multinodular hyperplasia with background thyroid parenchyma histologically unremarkable. Negative for malignancy.” Thyroglobulin levels subsequently returned to within the normal range and the patient’s dysphagia resolved. Conclusion: Thyroglobulin levels can be markedly elevated with benign thyroid nodules, which can mislead physicians and increase concern for thyroid cancer. References: (1) Spencer, CA, Wang, CC. Thyroglobulin measurement. Techniques, clinical benefits, and pitfalls. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1995 Dec; 24(4): 841-63. (2) Chinnappa, P, Taguba, L, Arciaga, R, Faiman, C, Siperstein, A, Mehta, AE, Reddy SK, Nasr, C, Gupta MK. Detection of thyrotropin-receptor messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) and thyroglobulin mRNA transcripts in peripheral blood of patients with thyroid disease: sensitive and specific markers for thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Aug;89(8):3705-9.

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