Active surveillance: Do low-income patients adhere to the protocol?
53 Background: Use of active surveillance (AS) in low-risk prostate cancer (PC) is up from 10% in 2006 to 40% in 2013 according to the CaPSURE registry. The data that provides evidence for the use of AS were among patients adhering to follow-up schedules. There are no data illustrating if patients not on a study follow through with their AS. Based on our experience at a large safety-net hospital with a multi-ethnic, low-income population and a nearby university-based hospital, we hypothesize that AS patients at a safety-net hospital fail to follow-up more frequently than those at a university-based hospital. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer who initiated AS at Los Angeles County Hospital (LAC) and Norris Cancer Center (NCC) between 1/1/2008-1/1/2015. Competing-risks regression analyses were used to examine the difference in the rates of AS patients being lost to follow-up (LTFU) between the two institutions, as well as the association between LTFU and patient characteristics, with patients who ended AS due to any reasons treated as competing risks. Results: We found 116 patients at LAC and 90 patients at NCC who met the AS criteria of this study. Patients at both hospitals had similar tumor characteristics. Patients at LAC and NCC differed, however, in median income, race, primary language spoken, median miles residing from hospital, and mean percent that graduated from high school in their zip code. There was a statistically significant difference between the rates of AS patients being LTFU at the two institutions. After two years, 48% of patients at LAC were LTFU vs. 16% of AS patients at NCC. Patients stay on AS for a median of 7.4 months at LAC vs. 22.8 months at NCC. On multivariable analysis (MVA), patients at NCC were more likely to be LTFU if they had a lower household income. At LAC, the MVA found that patients that lived further from LAC were significantly more likely to adhere to AS. Conclusions: Patients undergoing AS at LAC were LTFU at a high rate. AS can only be an effective strategy if patients actually undergo surveillance. We need further investigation to evaluate whether we should recommend AS at safety-net hospitals.