The DISCO app: A pilot test of an electronic patient intervention to reduce the financial burden of cancer through improved cost communication.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e24197-e24197
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Hamel ◽  
David W. Dougherty ◽  
Theresa A. Hastert ◽  
Erlene Kuizon Seymour ◽  
Seongho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
The United States ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
Patient Acceptance ◽  
Financial Toxicity ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Intervention Measures

e24197 Background: Financial toxicity, the burden of treatment cost, affects 30-50% of people with cancer in the United States. Although experts recommend patients and oncologists discuss treatment cost to identify patients who need assistance, cost discussions occur in fewer than half of cancer treatment discussions. We pilot-tested the feasibility and efficacy of the Discussions of Cost (DISCO) App, a patient communication intervention designed to improve cost discussions and other financial toxicity-related outcomes during and following oncology treatment consultations. The DISCO App provides an individualized list of cost-related questions patients can ask their oncologist, specific to a patient’s economic situation. Methods: While waiting to see their oncologist, newly diagnosed patients with breast or lung cancer (n=32) used the DISCO App on an iPad. Clinic visits were videorecorded and patients completed pre- and post-intervention measures of self-efficacy for managing treatment costs, self-efficacy for interacting with oncologists, cost-related distress, and perceptions of the DISCO App. A trained coder observed the recordings to determine the presence of a cost discussion, the cost-related topic, and any emergent factors. Results: Findings showed increases in patients’ self-efficacy for managing treatment costs (p=.02) and interacting with oncologists (p=.001). Cost-related distress decreased but not significantly (p=.20). Patients reported the DISCO App was understandable (M=4.5 out of 5), useful as they talked with their oncologist (M=4.0), and 84% of patients reported needing less than 15 minutes to use the DISCO App. Most (94%) interactions were videorecorded (in two cases technical difficulties prevented videos from being collected); all (100%) of the videorecorded interactions included a cost discussion. The most frequently discussed topics were: insurance, time off from work, and financial navigation. Frequently, the oncologist asked the patient for his/her question list and discussed/answered the questions. Conclusions: Findings suggest the DISCO App is feasible to implement in the clinic and effective in improving patient-oncologist cost discussions and financial toxicity-related outcomes. Patient acceptance of the DISCO App and oncologist engagement suggested the intervention prompted cost discussions. Next steps include conducting a longitudinal randomized controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of the DISCO App on financial toxicity, and other outcomes. Clinical trial information: NCT03676920 .

The DISCO App: A pilot test of an electronic patient intervention to reduce the financial burden of cancer through improved cost communication.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (29_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Hamel ◽  
David W. Dougherty ◽  
Theresa A. Hastert ◽  
Erlene Kuizon Seymour ◽  
Seongho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
Patient Acceptance ◽  
Financial Toxicity ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
The Cost

1 Background: Financial toxicity, the burden of treatment cost, affects 30-50% of people with cancer in the US. Although experts recommend patients and oncologists discuss treatment cost to identify patients who need assistance, cost discussions occur in fewer than half of cancer treatment discussions. We pilot-tested the feasibility and efficacy of the Discussions of Cost (DISCO) App, a patient communication intervention designed to improve cost discussions and other financial toxicity-related outcomes during and following oncology treatment consultations. The DISCO App provides an individualized list of cost-related questions patients can ask their oncologist, specific to a patient’s economic situation. Methods: While waiting to see their oncologist, newly diagnosed patients with breast or lung cancer (n=32) used the DISCO App on an iPad. Clinic visits were videorecorded and patients completed pre- and post-intervention measures of self-efficacy for managing treatment costs, self-efficacy for interacting with oncologists, cost-related distress, and perceptions of the DISCO App. A trained coder observed the recordings to determine the presence of a cost discussion, the cost-related topic, and any emergent factors. Results: Findings showed increases in patients’ self-efficacy for managing treatment costs (p=.02) and interacting with oncologists (p=.001). Cost-related distress decreased but not significantly (p=.20). Patients reported the DISCO App was understandable (M=4.5 out of 5), useful as they talked with their oncologist (M=4.0), and 84% of patients reported needing less than 15 minutes to use the DISCO App. Most (94%) interactions were videorecorded (in two cases technical difficulties prevented videos from being collected); all (100%) of the videorecorded interactions included a cost discussion. The most frequently discussed topics were: insurance, time off from work, and financial navigation. Frequently, the oncologist asked the patient for his/her question list and discussed/answered the questions. Conclusions: Findings suggest the DISCO App is feasible to implement in the clinic and effective in improving patient-oncologist cost discussions and financial toxicity-related outcomes. Patient acceptance of the DISCO App and oncologist engagement suggested the intervention prompted cost discussions. Next steps include conducting a longitudinal randomized controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of the DISCO App on financial toxicity, and other outcomes. Clinical trial information: NCT03676920 .

scholarly journals The DISCO App: Evaluating an Electronic Patient Intervention to Reduce The Financial Burden of Cancer Through Improved Cost Communication In A Non-Randomized Pilot Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Hamel ◽  
David W. Dougherty ◽  
Theresa A. Hastert ◽  
Erlene K. Seymour ◽  
Seongho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Intervention Measures ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Clinic Visits

Abstract Background: Financial toxicity affects 30-50% of people with cancer in the US. Although experts recommend patients and oncologists discuss treatment cost, cost discussions occur infrequently. Using a non-randomized pre-test post-test design, we pilot-tested the feasibility, acceptability and preliminary effectiveness of the DIScussions of COst (DISCO) App, a patient communication intervention designed to improve the frequency of cost discussions and related outcomes. Methods: While waiting to see their oncologist, patients (n=32) used the DISCO App on a tablet. Clinic visits were video recorded and patients completed pre- and post-intervention measures of self-efficacy for managing treatment costs, self-efficacy for interacting with oncologists, cost-related distress, and perceptions of the DISCO App. Coders observed the recordings to determine the presence of cost discussions, initiators, and topics. Results: Most patients (84%) reported needing <15 minutes to use the DISCO App. Patients reported the DISCO App made it easier to ask cost-related questions. Findings showed increased self-efficacy for managing treatment costs (p=.02) and for interacting with oncologists (p=.001). All clinic visits included a cost discussion. Conclusion: The DISCO App is feasible, acceptable, and effective in prompting cost discussions and improving outcomes. Prompting patients to discuss costs before meeting with an oncologist may improve treatment cost discussions and related outcomes.Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov registration number: NCT03676920 (September 19, 2018)

scholarly journals DISCO App: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of a patient intervention to reduce the financial burden of cancer in a diverse patient population

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Hamel ◽  
David W. Dougherty ◽  
Seongho Kim ◽  
Elisabeth I. Heath ◽  
Lorna Mabunda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
Comprehensive Cancer Center ◽  
Financial Toxicity ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background Financial toxicity, the material and psychological burden of the cost of treatment, affects 30–50% of people with cancer, even those with health insurance. The burden of treatment cost can affect treatment adherence and, ultimately, mortality. Financial toxicity is a health equity issue, disproportionately affecting patients who are racial/ethnic minorities, have lower incomes, and are < 65 years old. Patient education about treatment cost and patient-oncologist cost discussions are recommended as ways to address financial toxicity; however, research shows cost discussions occur infrequently (Altice et al. J Natl Cancer Inst 109:djw205, 2017; Schnipper et al. J Clin Oncol 34:2925-34, 2016; Zafar et al. Oncologist 18:381-90, 2013; American Cancer Society Cancer Action Network 2010). Our overall goal is to address the burden of financial toxicity and work toward health equity through a tailorable education and communication intervention, the DISCO App. The aim of this longitudinal randomized controlled trial is to test the effectiveness of the DISCO App on the outcomes in a population of economically and racially/ethnically diverse cancer patients from all age groups. Methods Patients diagnosed with breast, lung, colorectal, or prostate cancer at a NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center in Detroit, MI, will be randomized to one of three study arms: one usual care arm (arm 1) and two intervention arms (arms 2 and 3). All intervention patients (arms 2 and 3) will receive the DISCO App before the second interaction with their oncologist, and patients in arm 3 will receive an intervention booster. The DISCO App, presented on an iPad, includes an educational video about treatment costs, ways to manage them, and the importance of discussing them with oncologists. Patients enter socio-demographic information (e.g., employment, insurance status) and indicate their financial concerns. They then receive a tailored list of questions to consider asking their oncologist. All patients will have up to two interactions with their oncologist video recorded and complete measures at baseline, after the recorded interactions and at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the second interaction. Outcome measures will assess discussions of cost, communication quality, knowledge of treatment costs, self-efficacy for treatment cost management, referrals for support, short- and longer-term financial toxicity, and treatment adherence. Discussion If effective, this intervention will improve awareness of and discussions of treatment cost and alleviate the burden of financial toxicity. It may be especially helpful to groups disproportionately affected by financial toxicity, helping to achieve health equity. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04766190. Registered on February 23, 2021

scholarly journals DISCO App: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial to Test the Effectiveness of a Patient Intervention to Reduce the Financial Burden of Cancer In a Diverse Patient Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Hamel ◽  
David W. Dougherty ◽  
Seongho Kim ◽  
Elisabeth I. Heath ◽  
Lorna Mabunda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
Comprehensive Cancer Center ◽  
Financial Toxicity ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background: Financial toxicity, the material and psychological burden of the cost of treatment, affects 30-50% of people with cancer, even those with health insurance. The burden of treatment cost can affect treatment adherence and, ultimately, mortality. Financial toxicity is a health equity issue, disproportionately affecting patients who are racial/ethnic minorities, have lower incomes, and are <65 years old. Patient education about treatment cost and patient-oncologist cost discussions are recommended as ways to address financial toxicity; however, research shows cost discussions occur infrequently1-4. Our overall goal is to address the burden of financial toxicity and work toward health equity through a tailorable education and communication intervention, the DISCO App. The aim of this longitudinal randomized controlled trial is to test the effectiveness of the DISCO App on outcomes in a population of economically and racially/ethnically diverse cancer patients from all age groups. Methods: Patients diagnosed with breast, lung, colorectal or prostate cancer at a NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center in Detroit, Michigan will be randomized to intervention or usual care arms. Intervention patients will receive the DISCO App before the second interaction with their oncologist, and some patients will receive an intervention booster. The DISCO App, presented on an iPad, includes an educational video about treatment costs, ways to manage them, and the importance of discussing them with oncologists. Patients enter socio-demographic information (e.g., employment, insurance status, etc.) and indicate their financial concerns. They then receive a tailored list of questions to consider asking their oncologist. All patients will have up to two interactions with their oncologist video recorded and complete measures at baseline, after the recorded interactions, and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the second interaction. Outcome measures will assess discussions of cost, communication quality, knowledge of treatment costs, self-efficacy for treatment cost management, referrals for support, short- and longer-term financial toxicity, and treatment adherence. Discussion: If effective, this intervention will improve awareness of and discussions of treatment cost and alleviate the burden of financial toxicity. It may be especially helpful to groups disproportionately affected by financial toxicity, helping to achieve health equity. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov - NCT04766190. Registered February 23, 2021

A Randomized Controlled Trial of Professional Development for Interdisciplinary Civic Education: Impacts on Humanities Teachers and Their Students

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-52
Author(s):  
Dennis J. Barr ◽  
Beth Boulay ◽  
Robert L. Selman ◽  
Rachel Mccormick ◽  
Ethan Lowenstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
The United States ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Civic Learning ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
10Th Grade ◽  
The Impact

Background/Context Billions of dollars are spent annually on professional development (PD) for educators, yet few randomized controlled trials (RCT) have demonstrated the ultimate impact PD has on student learning. Further, while policymakers and others speak to the role schools should play in developing students’ civic awareness, RCTs of PD designed to foster civic learning are rare. This randomized controlled trial contributes to the knowledge base on the effectiveness of PD designed to integrate civic learning, ethical reflection, and historical thinking skills into high school humanities courses. Focus of Study The study examined the impact of a PD intervention in two areas: (a) teacher self-efficacy, burnout, and professional engagement and satisfaction; and (b) the academic, civic, social, and ethical competencies of 9th and 10th grade students in the teachers’ classes. Population/Participants/Subjects The study involved 113 teachers and 1,371 9th and 10th grade students in 60 high schools from eight metropolitan regions in the United States. Intervention/Program/Practice The intervention, Facing History and Ourselves, provides PD through a five-day seminar, curricular materials, and follow-up coaching and workshops to help teachers develop their capacities to implement an interdisciplinary historical case study unit using student-centered pedagogy. Research Design The study used a school-level, randomized, experimental design to investigate impacts of the intervention for teachers and their 9th and 10th grade students. Findings/Results Intervention teachers showed significantly greater self-efficacy in all eight assessed domains, more positive perceptions of professional support, satisfaction and growth, and greater personal accomplishment. Intervention students demonstrated stronger skills for analyzing evidence, agency, and cause and effect on a historical understanding performance measure; greater self-reported civic efficacy and tolerance for others with different views; and more positive perceptions of the classroom climate and the opportunities afforded for engaging with civic matters. Fidelity analysis found these causal effects despite the fact that roughly half of the intervention teachers did not fully implement the program. Conclusions/Recommendations Educators need evidence-based approaches for teaching complex social, civic, and political issues enabling students of diverse mindsets and backgrounds to engage constructively with one another while obtaining necessary skills and knowledge. These findings provide empirical support for a professional development approach that engages teachers in fostering academic and civic competencies critical to both participation in a democracy and success in college and career.

scholarly journals A randomised controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of sustained photoprotective behaviour in xeroderma pigmentosum after intervention

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S287-S287
Author(s):  
Tamara Searle ◽  
Jessica Walburn ◽  
Sam Norton
Keyword(s):  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Xeroderma Pigmentosum ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Group Effect ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Randomised Controlled

AimsThis study aimed to investigate whether an intervention designed to improve photoprotective behaviours is effective at changing behaviour and whether any change could be maintained.BackgroundXeroderma Pigmentosum (XP) is a rare condition in which patients are at risk of malignancies when exposed to ultra-violet radiation (UVR). Sufferers must take extra precautions to protect themselves from UVR. They must apply sunscreen to exposed skin, wear thick clothing, gloves, and a UVR-protective visor. Treatments include preventative photoprotective measures; the use of sunscreen and protective clothing. Additionally, frequent eye and skin examinations are required and swift removal of any premalignant lesions.MethodIn this randomised controlled trial, 16 participants with XP were given questionnaires at 4 time points; baseline, post-intervention, 5 months and 9 months post-intervention. The intervention involved 7 one-on-one counselling sessions, as well as telephone consultations. Counselling sessions encouraged photoprotection adherence, self-efficacy and discussions of any barriers to improving photoprotective behaviour. This study focused on psychosocial variables, attitudes and photoprotection. Questionnaires included the photoprotection self-efficacy questionnaire, Self-Reported Behavioural Automaticity Index, Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, Quality of Life and Brief Photoprotection Adherence Questionnaire.ResultThe intervention was shown to have no significant effect on participants’ questionnaires scores. Univariate ANCOVA revealed a group effect between follow-up 1 (FU1) and follow-up 2 (FU2); η2 = 0.422 for self-efficacy in wearing photoprotective clothing. A group effect was identified from BL to FU1 and FU1 to FU2; η2 = 0.343 and η2 = 0.378 respectively in how often participants reapplied sunscreen to their face when outside for longer periods. Univariate ANCOVA revealed no group or time effect for the other outcome variables; for example, sunscreen self-efficacy.ConclusionThe intervention had no significant effect on photoprotective behaviour questionnaire scores. Future research could focus on recruiting more participants globally to generate more statistically powered results. Research should focus on producing a maintainable intervention so that any positive change would produce better long-term health outcomes. This study lays the foundations for future XP research, which will be vital to improve understanding and enhance photo protective behaviour.

scholarly journals Protocol for a partially nested randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of the Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network Support Group Leader EDucation (SPIN-SSLED) Program

Trials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett D. Thombs ◽  
◽  
Kylene Aguila ◽  
Laura Dyas ◽  
Marie-Eve Carrier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Support Group ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Group Leader ◽  
Group Leaders ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Patient Support Group

Abstract Background Some people with rare diseases rely on peer-led support groups for disease-specific education and emotional and practical support. Systemic sclerosis (SSc), or scleroderma, is a rare autoimmune connective tissue disease. Many people with SSc cannot access support groups, and, when support groups exist, they may not be sustained due to challenges that could be addressed via leader training. The Scleroderma Patient-centered Intervention Network (SPIN), along with SSc patient organization partners, developed a training program for SSc patient support group leaders, the Scleroderma Support group Leader EDucation (SPIN-SSLED) Program. We recently completed a feasibility trial in which we successfully delivered the program to two groups of support group leaders who reported a high level of satisfaction with the program and its delivery. The primary objective of the full-scale SPIN-SSLED trial is to evaluate the effect of the program on support group leaders’ self-efficacy for carrying out their leadership role. Secondary objectives include evaluating effects on leader burnout, leader satisfaction (participation efficacy), and emotional distress. Methods/design The SPIN-SSLED trial is a pragmatic randomized controlled trial (RCT) in which 180 support group leaders will be randomly allocated to training groups of 6 participants each or to a waitlist control. We will use a partially nested RCT design to reflect dependence between individuals in training groups, but not in the waitlist control. Participants allocated to the training program will receive the 13-module SPIN-SSLED Program, delivered via webinar over the course of 3 months in weekly 60–90-min sessions. The primary outcome is leader self-efficacy, measured by the Scleroderma Support Group Leader Self-efficacy Scale post-intervention. Secondary outcomes are leader self-efficacy at 3 months post-intervention, and leader burnout, volunteer job satisfaction (participation efficacy), and emotional distress post-intervention and at 3 months post-intervention. Discussion The SPIN-SSLED trial will test whether a training program for SSc patient support group leaders increases the self-efficacy of group leaders to carry out leadership tasks. The program has the potential to significantly improve the effectiveness and sustainability of existing SSc support groups, to increase the number of available support groups, and to be adapted for other chronic diseases. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03965780. Registered on 29 May 2019.

An Exploration of the Effectiveness of the Fun For Wellness Online Intervention to Promote Health in Adults With Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 263207702096873
Author(s):  
Isaac Prilleltensky ◽  
Adam McMahon ◽  
Nicholas D. Myers ◽  
Ora Prilleltensky ◽  
Samantha Dietz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Positive Direct

Fun For Wellness (FFW) is an online behavioral intervention developed to promote well-being by enhancing the self-efficacy of participants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of FFW to promote health in adults with obesity in the United States in a relatively uncontrolled setting. The study design was a large-scale, prospective, double-blind, parallel group randomized controlled trial. Data collection occurred at three time points: baseline, 30 days, and 60 days after baseline. There was evidence for a positive direct effect of FFW on physical health status ([Formula: see text] = 1.33, p = .005, d = 0.24) at 60 days after baseline. In addition, there was evidence of a positive indirect effect of FFW on mental health status at 60 days after baseline through psychological well-being self-efficacy ([Formula: see text] = 0.44, [0.05, 0.94]).

Patient and oncologist discussions of treatment costs.

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 178-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren M. Hamel ◽  
Susan Eggly ◽  
Louis Penner ◽  
Robert Chapman ◽  
Justin Frank Antoni Klamerus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Treatment Costs ◽  
Financial Toxicity ◽  
Verbal Expression ◽  
Training Interventions ◽  
Burden Of Treatment ◽  
Medical Oncologists ◽  
First Time ◽  
Clinic Visits

178 Background: Financial toxicity–the burden of treatment costs and its impact on well-being, treatment decisions, and outcomes—affects many cancer patients, especially racial minorities. Discussing cost during clinic visits may ease financial toxicity, but oncologists are often hesitant to discuss cost. A better understanding of cost discussions is needed to improve care and inform oncologist training interventions. We conducted an observational study of patient-oncologist treatment cost discussions during clinic visits. Methods: Data were video-recorded clinic visits of African American patients (114) and their medical oncologists (19) meeting for the first time to discuss treatment. Cost discussions were any verbal expression of a direct (paying for scans) or indirect (time off work) expense to the patient for treatment. Trained coders observed the videos and coded for presence, duration, initiation, topic, oncologist response, and patient reaction of cost discussions. Results: Cost discussions occurred in 44% (n = 50) of the visits with a range of 1-6 per visit for a total of 93 discussions (M = 35 seconds; SD = 28). Patients initiated (61%) more than oncologists (38%), and patients were more likely to initiate multiple times. Time off work was discussed most (48%), followed by insurance (26%), transportation (12%), paying for treatment (8%), and job loss (4%). Time off work was the most commonly patient initiated topic and insurance was the most commonly oncologist initiated topic. Oncologists typically addressed the issue (72%), and patients often reacted positively (81%) but passively. A few times (9%) the oncologist acknowledged the patient’s initiation but did not address it. Negative patient reactions were rare and only occurred when the oncologist responded to a patient initiation (5%). Younger patients were more likely discuss cost than older patients (p = .02) and retired patients were less likely to discuss cost (p = .05). Conclusions: Findings suggest discussing indirect cost is important to patients, but oncologists infrequently initiate and do not always respond adequately when patients initiate. Further research and interventions are needed to address patient-oncologist cost discussions and the economic impact of cancer treatment.

scholarly journals A school-based educational on-site vaccination intervention for adolescents in an urban area in Germany: Feasibility and psychometric properties of instruments in a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Bethke ◽  
Paul Gellert ◽  
Nina Knoll ◽  
Niklas Weber ◽  
Joachim Seybold
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
School Based

Abstract Background: Vaccination rates for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) and diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, and polio (Tdap-IPV) are not optimal in German adolescents. Education in combination with easy access vaccination may be a promising approach to improve vaccination rates. In a planned cluster randomized controlled trial (cRCT), we aim at improving MMR and Tdap-IPV rates together with knowledge and self-efficacy in a school setting, the present paper describes the pilot study of this trial.Methods: Within this pilot study, 863 students from 41 school classes from four schools were included. Optimization and feasibility of the access to schools, recruitment strategies, intervention, and assessment procedures are examined. The course and content of the educational unit was evaluated with a mixed-methods approach. A pre-post measurement design was applied for the vaccination rate in all schools. Additionally, at two schools improvement on vaccination-related knowledge and perceived self-efficacy were measured pre- (n=287) and post- (n=293) educational unit by questionnaire. The remaining two schools provided data only post intervention. Finally, we evaluated the psychometric properties (i.e., reliability, retest reliability, change rates) of the questionnaire, applying Cronbach’s alpha, factor analyses, Generalized Estimating Equations and Linear Mixed Models.Results: Findings of the pilot study indicated good feasibility. Of the total sample, 437 students (50.9%) brought their vaccination cards to school, 68 students were vaccinated with Tdap-IPV, 11 with MMR. Out of 6 knowledge questions, on average students had M=2.84 (CI 2.69/3.10) correct answers before and M=4.45 (CI 4.26/4.64) after class. Ranging from 1 to 4, self-efficacy scale shown a change of 0.3 points (p <.001) and Cronbach’s alpha was .67 and .76 for pre- and post-educational unit respectively and a one-factor solution was found. Content analysis of the five semi-structured group interviews (n=12, 58.3% female) showed that the length of the intervention was felt by all students to be appropriate. The teaching methods including interactive and social media components were perceived as very good.Conclusion: A school-based educational and on-site vaccination intervention appears to be feasible in terms of procedures and the adequacy of the instruments for the adolescent target group.

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