scholarly journals Screen-Round–Based Risk Strategies for Population-Based Mammography Screening

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 205s-205s
Author(s):  
C. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Recent Emergence

Background: The widespread use of organized screening strategies of mammography screening at population level stood a chance of reducing the threat to women's life from breast cancer. However, such a population-wide strategy is often faced with the questions like “How many rounds of mammography screening are require before detecting cancer in question?” and “Can the attendee be classified the low risk after several negative screening rounds?” In addition to the concerns on resource allocation for the purpose of planning an efficient population-based screening program, the recent emergence in precision medicine also makes it attractive for considering such a risk-based decision on breast cancer prevention under the context of mass screening. Aim: To quantify number of screen rounds required for detecting an asymptomatic cancer in question and dispensing with further invitation to screen. Methods: By applying a series of Bayesian negative–binomial family–based stochastic process models taking sensitivity and specificity into account, we elucidated the aforementioned issues based on the empirical data on population-based breast cancer screening program in Finland with international collaboration. The Finnish nationwide biennial mammographic screening program was implemented and targeted to women aged 50-59 years since 1988. The panel data on the regular invitation of eligible population by Pirkanmaa screening center excluding the women who had been diagnosed by breast cancer before their first invitation were enrolled in this study. Results: Based on the estimated results, we are able to determine the rounds of screens required before detecting an asymptomatic breast cancer according to the risk profile determined by age and the performance of screening tool. Based on the empirical data, an average of 2.77 (95% CI, 2.61-2.91) screen rounds will be required to detect an asymptomatic breast cancer cases. A woman may not be invited after a series of negative findings of 8 rounds of screen. Considering the sensitivity of 83% (95% CI, 61%–95%), the required screen rounds become 2.81 (95% CI, 2.65-2.94). The screening rounds required for the young (<55 years) and the old (≥55 years) age group, the corresponding figures was 2.81 (95% CI, 2.55-3.11) and 2.76 (95% CI, 2.43-3.05). Conclusion: We quantified the screen round, 2.77 on average, required to detect an asymptomatic breast cancer and 8 rounds of screen to dispense with further invitation based on the risk and the performance of screening tool. The findings may aid in risk-based interscreening interval determination but also provide information on resources required by different screening policies with target population with different risk levels.

scholarly journals Breast cancer screening program in Lithuania: trends in breast cancer mortality before and during the introduction of the mammography screening programme

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-28
Author(s):  
Laura Steponavičienė ◽  
Rūta Briedienė ◽  
Rasa Vansevičiūtė-Petkevičienė ◽  
Daiva Gudavičienė ◽  
Ieva Vincerževskienė
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Breast Cancer Mortality ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cancer Awareness ◽  
Cancer Screening Program ◽  
Mammography Screening Program

BackgroundBreast cancer is the most frequent oncological disease as well as the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Decline in mortality in economically strong countries is observed. This decline is mostly related to early diagnosis (improvement in breast cancer awareness and mammography screening program (MSP)) and more effective treatment. In the end of 2005, the MSP started in Lithuania. The main aim of this article was to evaluate breast cancer mortality during 22 years in Lithuania, as well as changes before the start of the MSP and during its implementation, in order to assess the influence of the MSP on mortality. Materials and MethodsAnalysis was based on data from the population-based Lithuanian Cancer Registry. Analysis of changes in mortality included the period from 1998 to 2019. Age standardized mortality rates were calculated for assessment of changes. Join-point regression analysis was used. ResultsApplying the segmental regression model, it was found that during the study period mortality was statistically significantly decreasing by -1.1% each year.  Mortality among women under the age of 50 decreased both before and during the implementation of MSP. Mortality in the target population also was already decreasing until the implementation of the program, but since 2006 significant reduction in mortality was observed in this group. ConclusionsOverall breast cancer mortality is decreasing in Lithuania. After the implementation of MSP the largest reduction in mortality was observed among the target population, however, it is not as pronounced as it could be with the well-organized MSP.

scholarly journals Impact of a Targeted Free Mammography Screening Program for Underprivileged Women in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 3) ◽  
pp. 28s-28s
Author(s):  
Viji Nair ◽  
Viji Dina Nazri ◽  
Angela Lau ◽  
Rozita Hashim ◽  
Clare Ratnasingham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Nongovernmental Organizations ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Cancer Society ◽  
Insurance Carrier ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Malaysian Women

Purpose Breast cancer remains the most prevalent cancer among Malaysians today. Almost two thirds of patients are diagnosed in the late stages of disease, stage III to IV, with poorer outcomes. In addition, evidence has also revealed that most of patients who present in these late stages are those from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds. Women from underprivileged backgrounds have been found to have poorer health-seeking behavior, especially in terms of screening for cancer. This is for a number of reasons, such as affordability, distance to health centers, and other socioeconomic factors, which have a large impact, as Malaysia only offers opportunistic screening for breast cancer and not for free. A specific program to provide free mammography screening targeted toward underprivileged Malaysian women was planned and implemented with the aim of improving access to screening and increasing the rate of screening among this specific group of women. Methods Funding for the program was obtained from successful negotiation with a large Malaysian life insurance carrier. To ensure geographic equity, screening services were strategically purchased from 15 hospitals that were spread out across Malaysia. We also built partnerships with various nongovernmental organizations working in the social arena servicing underprivileged groups to reach these groups specifically. The nongovernmental organizations co-organized awareness programs and screening days, together with the National Cancer Society Malaysia, with additional incentivization that included subsidizing transport to mammography centers. Results A total of 5,000 underprivileged women from different geographic localities and ethnicities were screened across Malaysia. Of these, 62% received a mammogram for the first time in their lives, whereas 21% received their first repeat mammogram in more than 3 years. Conclusion A targeted screening program that incorporated a multipronged approach strategy was successful at increasing access to breast cancer screening for underprivileged Malaysian women. AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST The following represents disclosure information provided by authors of this manuscript. All relationships are considered compensated. Relationships are self-held unless noted. I = Immediate Family Member, Inst = My Institution. Relationships may not relate to the subject matter of this manuscript. For more information about ASCO's conflict of interest policy, please refer to www.asco.org/rwc or ascopubs.org/jco/site/ifc . Murallitharan Munisamy Employment: National Cancer Society of Malaysia Stock or Other Ownership: MMPKV Sdn Bhd–operator of Malaysian Primary Care Clinics

Estimation of the risk of lung cancer in women participating in a population-based breast cancer screening program

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 277-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián González-Marrón ◽  
Juan Carlos Martín-Sánchez ◽  
Ferrán Garcia-Alemany ◽  
Encarna Martínez-Martín ◽  
Nuria Matilla-Santander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Breast Cancer Screening Program ◽  
Cancer Screening Program

Population-Based Mammography Screening in Clinical Practice

1994 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Thurfjell
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Surgical Biopsy ◽  
Cancer Rate ◽  
Node Metastasis ◽  
Median Size ◽  
Mammography Screening Program

The results from the prevalence round of a population-based mammography screening program in Uppsala county are presented. We invited 48 517 women aged 40 to 74 years to mammography screening. The age subgroup 40 to 54 years was examined with two-view mammograms, while women in age group 55 to 74 years were offered one-view screening. The number of attending women was 41 761 (86% of those invited), of whom 2002 (4.8%) were recalled for further examinations, and 423 (1.0%) were referred for surgical biopsy. A total of 241 (0.58%) women were diagnosed to have breast cancer. About 1/3 of the cancers were stage 2 or more advanced, but only 20% of the invasive cancers had lymph node metastasis. The median size of an invasive cancer was 16 mm. After age-adjusting the cancer rate, the results indicate that the Swedish two-county study can be duplicated in clinical practice.

Evaluation of the Effect on Breast Cancer Mortality of Population Based Mammography Screening Programmes

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Törnberg ◽  
John Carstensen ◽  
Timo Hakulinen ◽  
Per Lenner ◽  
Thomas Hatschek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Breast Cancer Mortality ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Full Effect

To evaluate, by analysis of breast cancer mortality data from all the 26 Swedish counties for the years 1971 to 1990, whether the effect of the introduction of mammography screening in Sweden can be assessed by observation from existing mortality data. A Poisson regression model was used to study whether a decrease in breast cancer mortality among women aged 50–74 years was associated with the extent of mammography screening in different counties and periods. In regions where mammography screening had been introduced, breast cancer mortality tended to be decreased, on average, compared with regions with-'out screening. If a 10 year time lag between the start of screening and its full effect on mortality is assumed then the estimated reduction in breast cancer mortality associated with introduction of screening was 19% with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 3% to 37%. The results suggest that the effect of mammography screening may be studied using existing routine mortality data and appropriate statistical modelling. This way of assessing the outcome of the screening is valuable when continuously monitoring a screening programme that has become a public health routine.

Predicting the benefit of screening for disease

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 348-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Dubin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Breast Cancer Detection ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Distributed Diagnosis ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Using Data

To evaluate the benefits and risks associated with screening for disease, a model is developed to characterize the changes in incidence and survival distributions effected by a screening program. Screening is presumed to increase survival by resulting in diagnosis of disease at earlier stages. All disease states in the model are observable, thus facilitating application to empirical data. An example of such an application using data from a breast cancer detection project is given for the case of one screening for two-stage disease having Weibull-distributed diagnosis times.

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