Evolving integrated multipartite symbioses between plant-sap feeding insects (Hemiptera) and their endosymbionts

2020 ◽  
pp. 173-200
Author(s):  
Gordon Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Sap Feeding ◽  
Plant Sap

scholarly journals Double strand RNA delivery system for plant-sap-feeding insects

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. e0171861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saikat Kumar B. Ghosh ◽  
Wayne B. Hunter ◽  
Alexis L. Park ◽  
Dawn E. Gundersen-Rindal
Keyword(s):  
Delivery System ◽  
Sap Feeding ◽  
Plant Sap

scholarly journals Transitional genomes and nutritional role reversals identified for dual symbionts of adelgids (Aphidoidea: Adelgidae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin T. Dial ◽  
Kathryn M. Weglarz ◽  
Akintunde O. Aremu ◽  
Nathan P. Havill ◽  
Taylor A. Pearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Fluctuating Selection ◽  
Complex Life Cycles ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sap Feeding ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
Conifer Trees ◽  
Plant Sap

AbstractMany plant-sap-feeding insects have maintained a single, obligate, nutritional symbiont over the long history of their lineage. This senior symbiont may be joined by one or more junior symbionts that compensate for gaps in function incurred through genome-degradative forces. Adelgids are sap-sucking insects that feed solely on conifer trees and follow complex life cycles in which the diet fluctuates in nutrient levels. Adelgids are unusual in that both senior and junior symbionts appear to have been replaced repeatedly over their evolutionary history. Genomes can provide clues to understanding symbiont replacements, but only the dual symbionts of hemlock adelgids have been examined thus far. Here, we sequence and compare genomes of four additional dual-symbiont pairs in adelgids. We show that these symbionts are nutritional partners originating from diverse bacterial lineages and exhibiting wide variation in general genome characteristics. Although dual symbionts cooperate to produce nutrients, the balance of contributions varies widely across pairs, and total genome contents reflect a range of ages and degrees of degradation. Most symbionts appear to be in transitional states of genome reduction. Our findings support a hypothesis of periodic symbiont turnover driven by fluctuating selection for nutritional provisioning related to gains and losses of complex life cycles in their hosts.

scholarly journals Metabolic Coevolution in the Bacterial Symbiosis of Whiteflies and Related Plant Sap-Feeding Insects

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 2635-2647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Bo Luan ◽  
Wenbo Chen ◽  
Daniel K. Hasegawa ◽  
Alvin M. Simmons ◽  
William M. Wintermantel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Symbiosis ◽  
Related Plant ◽  
Sap Feeding ◽  
Plant Sap

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiota of the Insect Infraorder Pentatomomorpha (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) for the Light of Ecology and Evolution

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Hongwei Shan ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Zongtao Sun ◽  
Jianping Chen ◽  
Hongjie Li
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Insect Pest Management ◽  
Symbiotic Interactions ◽  
Gut Microbe ◽  
Sap Feeding ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
Plant Sap

The stinkbugs of the infraorder Pentatomomorpha are a group of important plant sap-feeding insects, which host diverse microorganisms. Some are located in their complex morphological midgut compartments, while some within the specialized bacteriomes of insect hosts. This perpetuation of symbioses through host generations is reinforced via the diverse routes of vertical transmission or environmental acquisition of the symbionts. These symbiotic partners, reside either through the extracellular associations in midgut or intracellular associations in specialized cells, not only have contributed nutritional benefits to the insect hosts but also shaped their ecological and evolutionary basis. The stinkbugs and gut microbe symbioses present a valuable model that provides insights into symbiotic interactions between agricultural insects and microorganisms and may become potential agents for insect pest management.

scholarly journals Dynamic Acquisition and Loss of Dual-Obligate Symbionts in the Plant-Sap-Feeding Adelgidae (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphidoidea)

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol D. von Dohlen ◽  
Usha Spaulding ◽  
Kistie B. Patch ◽  
Kathryn M. Weglarz ◽  
Robert G. Foottit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sap Feeding ◽  
Dynamic Acquisition ◽  
Plant Sap

scholarly journals Whitefly Endosymbionts: Biology, Evolution, and Plant Virus Interactions

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
Sharon A. Andreason ◽  
Emily A. Shelby ◽  
Jeanette B. Moss ◽  
Patricia J. Moore ◽  
Allen J. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Sap Feeding ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Plant Sap ◽  
Secondary Endosymbiont

Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) are sap-feeding global agricultural pests. These piercing-sucking insects have coevolved with intracellular endosymbiotic bacteria that help to supplement their nutrient-poor plant sap diets with essential amino acids and carotenoids. These obligate, primary endosymbionts have been incorporated into specialized organs called bacteriomes where they sometimes coexist with facultative, secondary endosymbionts. All whitefly species harbor the primary endosymbiont Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum and have a variable number of secondary endosymbionts. The secondary endosymbiont complement harbored by the cryptic whitefly species Bemisia tabaci is particularly complex with various assemblages of seven different genera identified to date. In this review, we discuss whitefly associated primary and secondary endosymbionts. We focus on those associated with the notorious B. tabaci species complex with emphasis on their biological characteristics and diversity. We also discuss their interactions with phytopathogenic begomoviruses (family Geminiviridae), which are transmitted exclusively by B. tabaci in a persistent-circulative manner. Unraveling the complex interactions of these endosymbionts with their insect hosts and plant viruses could lead to advancements in whitefly and whitefly transmitted virus management.

scholarly journals LeLePhid: An Image Dataset for Aphid Detection and Infestation Severity on Lemon Leaves

Data ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Jorge Parraga-Alava ◽  
Roberth Alcivar-Cevallos ◽  
Jéssica Morales Carrillo ◽  
Magdalena Castro ◽  
Shabely Avellán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Health State ◽  
Classification Problems ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
White Spots ◽  
The World ◽  
Image Dataset ◽  
Plant Sap

Aphids are small insects that feed on plant sap, and they belong to a superfamily called Aphoidea. They are among the major pests causing damage to citrus crops in most parts of the world. Precise and automatic identification of aphids is needed to understand citrus pest dynamics and management. This article presents a dataset that contains 665 healthy and unhealthy lemon leaf images. The latter are leaves with the presence of aphids, and visible white spots characterize them. Moreover, each image includes a set of annotations that identify the leaf, its health state, and the infestation severity according to the percentage of the affected area on it. Images were collected manually in real-world conditions in a lemon plant field in Junín, Manabí, Ecuador, during the winter, by using a smartphone camera. The dataset is called LeLePhid: lemon (Le) leaf (Le) image dataset for aphid (Phid) detection and infestation severity. The data can facilitate evaluating models for image segmentation, detection, and classification problems related to plant disease recognition.

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