Gene Therapy in Oral Tissue Regeneration

Traumatic injury of the oral cavity is atypical and often accompanied by uncontrolled bleeding and inflammation. Injectable hydrogels have been considered to be promising candidates for the treatment of oral injuries because of their simple formulation, minimally invasive application technique, and site-specific delivery. Fibrinogen-based hydrogels have been widely explored as effective materials for wound healing in tissue engineering due to their uniqueness. Recently, an injectable foam has taken the spotlight. However, the fibrin component of this biomaterial is relatively stiff. To address these challenges, we created keratin-conjugated fibrinogen (KRT-FIB). This study aimed to develop a novel keratin biomaterial and assess cell–biomaterial interactions. Consequently, a novel injectable KRT-FIB hydrogel was optimized through rheological measurements, and its injection performance, swelling behavior, and surface morphology were investigated. We observed an excellent cell viability, proliferation, and migration/cell–cell interaction, indicating that the novel KRT-FIB-injectable hydrogel is a promising platform for oral tissue regeneration with a high clinical applicability.

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The Evolving Landscape of Gene Therapy in Plastic Surgery

Seminars in Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1693131 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 33 (03) ◽

pp. 167-172

Author(s):

Anjali Raghuram ◽

Aspinder Singh ◽

Daniel K. Chang ◽

Mervin Nunez ◽

Edward M. Reece ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Therapy ◽

Plastic Surgery ◽

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Congenital Anomalies ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Genomic Sequencing ◽

Rapid Rise ◽

Clinical Applicability ◽

Short Palindromic Repeat ◽

Future Potential

AbstractWith the rapid rise of personalized genomic sequencing and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) technology, previous gaps in gene therapy are beginning to be bridged, paving the way for increasing clinical applicability. This article aims to provide an overview of the fundamentals of gene therapy and discuss future potential interventions relevant to plastic surgeons. These interventions include enhancing tissue regeneration and healing, as well as modifying disease processes in congenital anomalies. Though clinical applications are still on the horizon, a deeper understanding of these new advances will help plastic surgeons understand the current landscape of gene therapy and stay abreast of future opportunities.

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Which substances loaded onto collagen scaffolds influence oral tissue regeneration?—an overview of the last 15 years

Clinical Oral Investigations ◽

10.1007/s00784-020-03520-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (10) ◽

pp. 3363-3394

Author(s):

Michael Edelmayer ◽

Christian Wehner ◽

Christian Ulm ◽

Werner Zechner ◽

David Shafer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Regeneration ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Tissue Cell ◽

Collagen Scaffolds ◽

Soft Tissue Regeneration ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Oral Tissue ◽

Periodontal Healing

Abstract Background Collagen scaffolds are widely used for guided bone or tissue regeneration. Aiming to enhance their regenerative properties, studies have loaded various substances onto these scaffolds. This review aims to provide an overview of existing literature which conducted in vitro, in vivo, and clinical testing of drug-loaded collagen scaffolds and analyze their outcome of promoting oral regeneration. Materials and methods PubMed, Scopus, and Ovid Medline® were systematically searched for publications from 2005 to 2019. Journal articles assessing the effect of substances on oral hard or soft tissue regeneration, while using collagen carriers, were screened and qualitatively analyzed. Studies were grouped according to their used substance type—biological medical products, pharmaceuticals, and tissue-, cell-, and matrix-derived products. Results A total of 77 publications, applying 36 different substances, were included. Collagen scaffolds were demonstrating favorable adsorption behavior and release kinetics which could even be modified. BMP-2 was investigated most frequently, showing positive effects on oral tissue regeneration. BMP-9 showed comparable results at lower concentrations. Also, FGF2 enhanced bone and periodontal healing. Antibiotics improved the scaffold’s anti-microbial activity and reduced the penetrability for bacteria. Conclusion Growth factors showed promising results for oral tissue regeneration, while other substances were investigated less frequently. Found effects of investigated substances as well as adsorption and release properties of collagen scaffolds should be considered for further investigation. Clinical relevance: Collagen scaffolds are reliable carriers for any of the applied substances. BMP-2, BMP-9, and FGF2 showed enhanced bone and periodontal healing. Antibiotics improved anti-microbial properties of the scaffolds.

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