Neuroregulation of Pulmonary Immune Responses by Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and Substance P

The effect of vasoactive peptides on vascular smooth muscle in the cerebral microcirculation was examined using an isolated intracerebral arteriole preparation. Extraluminally applied vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) dilated the spontaneous tone of intracerebral arterioles to 118.9 ± 3.1% of control diameter at pH 7.30, with an EC50 of 7.27 × 10−8 M. Similar degrees of dilation to VIP were seen in vessels preconstricted by changing bath solution to pH 7.60. Substance P had no effect on vessel diameter at pH 7.30. However, in vessels precontracted by pH 7.60, significant dose-dependent dilation was observed with an EC50 of 2.55 × 10−10 M. Neuropeptide constricted intracerebral arterioles to 8l.22 ± 2.7% of control diameter, with an EC50 of 6.23 × 10−10 M. Bradykinin dilated intracerebral arterioles at pH 7.30 and pH 7.60 to 130 ± 3.0% of control diameter. VIP and bradykinin are potent vasodilators of intracerebral arterioles. Neuropeptide Y is a vasoconstrictor. The effect of substance P appeared to be either pH-dependent or dependent on some degree of precontraction by another agonist, but no effect on vessel diameter was seen at pH 7.30.

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Distribution of immunoreactivity for enkephalin, substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide in fibres surrounding splanchnic sympathetic preganglionic neurons in rats

Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/0306-4522(93)90054-j ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 1121-1133 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Y. Hong ◽

L.C. Weaver

Keyword(s):

Substance P ◽

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽

Sympathetic Preganglionic Neurons ◽

Preganglionic Neurons

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Immunohistochemical evidence for the presence of a vasoactive intestinal peptide, neuropeptide Y and substance P in rat adrenal medulla after heat stress

Archives of Biological Sciences ◽

10.2298/abs1201007p ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 7-13

Author(s):

Dragana Petrovic-Kosanovic ◽

Vesna Koko

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Substance P ◽

Neuropeptide Y ◽

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽

Adrenal Medulla ◽

Chromaffin Cells ◽

Ganglion Cells ◽

Nerve Fibers ◽

Acute Heat Stress ◽

Immunohistochemical Evidence

Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of VIP-, NPY- and SP-immunoreactivity in the rat adrenal medulla. VIP- and NPY-immunoreactivity was detected in chromaffin and ganglion cells and in nerve fibers, but SP-immunoreactivity was found only in chromaffin cells. After acute heat stress, VIP- and NPY- immunoreactivities in cells and nerve fibers were reduced, probably as a result of the release of these peptides with catecholamines. The absence of SP-immunoreactive ganglion cells in the adrenal medulla suggests that the SP-immunoreactive nerve fibers are extrinsic in origin.

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Localization of Receptors for Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide, Somatostatin, and Substance P in Distinct Compartments of Human Lymphoid Organs

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v92.1.191.413k12_191_197 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 92 (1) ◽

pp. 191-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Jean Claude Reubi ◽

Ursula Horisberger ◽

Andreas Kappeler ◽

Jean A. Laissue

Keyword(s):

Substance P ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Blood Vessels ◽

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽

Peyer's Patches ◽

Lymphoid Tissues ◽

Peyer’S Patches ◽

Human Immune System ◽

Peptide Receptors ◽

Vip Receptors

Regulatory peptides, such as vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), somatostatin (SS), or substance P (SP), are considered to play a role in immune regulation. To localize the targets of these peptides in the human immune system, their receptors have been evaluated with in vitro receptor autoradiography in lymph nodes, tonsils, appendix, Peyer's patches, spleen, and thymus. The three peptide receptors were detected in all lymphoid tissues tested, but, unexpectedly, usually in distinct compartments. In lymph nodes, palatine tonsils, vermiform appendix, and Peyer's patches, VIP receptors were found in the CD3 positive zone around lymphoid follicles; SS receptors in the germinal centers of secondary follicles; and SP receptors mainly in interfollicular blood vessels. In the spleen, VIP receptors were detected in periarterial lymphatic sheaths, SS receptors in the red pulp, and SP receptors in the central arteries. In the thymus, VIP receptors were present in cortex and medulla, SS receptors in the medulla, and SP receptors in blood vessels. For comparison, cholecystokinin (CCK)-A and -B receptors were not demonstrated in any of these tissues. These results suggest a strong compartmentalization of the three peptide receptors in human lymphoid tissues and represent the molecular basis for the understanding of a very complex and interactive mode of action of these peptides.

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Multiple neuropeptides exert a direct effect on the same isolated single smooth muscle cell

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.1986.250.5.c792 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 250 (5) ◽

pp. C792-C798 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

N. L. Lassignal ◽

J. J. Singer ◽

J. V. Walsh

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Substance P ◽

Smooth Muscle Cells ◽

Smooth Muscle Cell ◽

Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽

Direct Effect ◽

Muscle Cell ◽

Muscle Cells ◽

Cholecystokinin Octapeptide ◽

Single Smooth Muscle Cell

The contractile effect of various neuropeptides was examined by pressure ejecting these agents from a pipette onto single smooth muscle cells freshly dissociated from the stomach of Bufo marinus. Substance P, cholecystokinin-octapeptide, and bombesin caused contraction, whereas vasoactive intestinal peptide, secretin, and dopamine inhibited acetylcholine-induced contractions. Acetylcholine and the three peptides which produced contraction were found in some instances to act on the same cell, suggesting that receptors for these agents exist on one and the same cell.

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