Transport of Inorganic Solutes in Soil

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and accumulation of ions in lettuce grown in different hydroponic systems and recirculation frequencies. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 8 treatments and 4 replicates. The evaluated hydroponic systems were Nutrient Flow Technique (NFT) and an adapted Deep Flow Technique (DFT), the latter with recirculation frequencies of 0.25, 2 and 4 h. Both systems used fresh water and brackish water. Plant growth, accumulation of inorganic solutes (Na+, K+, Cl- and NO3-) and the correlation between dry matter production and Na+/K+ and Cl-/NO3- were evaluated. The salinity of the water used to prepare the nutrient solution caused decrease in growth and K+ and NO3- levels, and increased contents of Na+ and Cl- in the plants. When using fresh water the highest dry matter production was obtained in the NFT system. In case of brackish water the adapted DFT system increased the production, in relation to NFT system (at same recirculation frequency: 0.25 h). It was found that the choice of the type of hydroponic system and recirculation interval for the cultivation of lettuce depends on the quality of the water used to prepare the nutrient solution.

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How do nematodes get their sweets? Solute supply to sedentary plant-parasitic nematodes

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854107781487305 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 451-458 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Julia Hofmann ◽

Florian Grundler

Keyword(s):

Nutrient Supply ◽

Heterodera Schachtii ◽

Transport Systems ◽

Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽

Cyst Nematodes ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Feeding Sites ◽

Inorganic Solutes ◽

Nematode Development

AbstractSedentary cyst and root-knot nematodes withdraw large amounts of solutes from feeding structures induced in host roots. The feeding structures are specialised cells with a high metabolic activity and a tremendous capacity in translocation of nutrients. The required nutrients are provided by the plant transport systems – water and inorganic solutes from the xylem, assimilates such as sugars and amino acids from the phloem. Here we discuss the available data on the mechanisms by which nutrients are translocated into the nematode feeding sites. The interaction between Heterodera schachtii and Arabidopsis thaliana serves as a model system for cyst nematodes. In this case sufficient data are available to propose a conclusive concept for the mechanisms of nutrient flow: basically, in the early stages of nematode development syncytia are symplasmically isolated, so that transport proteins are responsible for the nutrient supply. Later, connections to the phloem via plasmodesmata are established, so that developing females are well supplied with assimilates. The interactions of root-knot nematodes with their hosts share a number of similarities but the data currently available are not sufficient to draw similar conclusions. As nutrient supply and functionality of feeding structures are the basis of biotrophic parasitism of sedentary nematodes, it is tempting to unravel the mechanisms by which both plant and nematodes influence each other via nutrient fluxes.

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Tolerance of Basil Genotypes to Salinity

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v9n11p283 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 283 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Renata V. Menezes ◽

André D. Azevedo Neto ◽

Hans R. Gheyi ◽

Alide M. W. Cova ◽

Hewsley H. B. Silva

Keyword(s):

Salinity Tolerance ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Membrane Integrity ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Ocimum Basilicum ◽

Medicinal Species ◽

Relative Water ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Inorganic Solutes

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a medicinal species of Lamiaceae family, popularly known for its multiple benefits and high levels of volatile compounds. The species is considered to be one of the most essential oil producing plants. Also cultivated in Brazil as a condiment plant in home gardens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity on the growth of basil in nutrient solution of Furlani and to identify variables related to the salinity tolerance in this species. The first assay was performed with variation of five saline levels (0 - control, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mM NaCl). In the second assay six genotypes were evaluated in two salinity levels 0 and 80 mM NaCl. The height, stem diameter, number of leaves, dry mass and inorganic solutes in different organs, photosynthetic pigments, absolute membrane integrity and relative water content were evaluated. All biometric variables in basil were significantly reduced by salinity. Dry matter yield and percentage of membrane integrity were the variables that best discriminated the characteristics of salinity tolerance among the studied basil genotypes. Basil genotypes showed a differentiated tolerance among the genotypes, the ‘Toscano folha de alface’ being considered as the most tolerant and ‘Gennaro de menta’ as the most sensitive, among the species studied.

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High-pressure solubility of several organic and inorganic solutes in water

High Pressure Liquids and Solutions ◽

10.1016/b978-0-444-81946-8.50007-x ◽

1994 ◽

pp. 1-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Seiji Sawamura

Keyword(s):

High Pressure ◽

Inorganic Solutes

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Unusual drying behaviour of droplets containing organic and inorganic solutes in superheated steam

Journal of Food Engineering ◽

10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.09.021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 244 ◽

pp. 64-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amanda Lum ◽

Nicholas Cardamone ◽

Ron Beliavski ◽

Shahnaz Mansouri ◽

Karen Hapgood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Superheated Steam ◽

Inorganic Solutes ◽

Drying Behaviour

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Summer–winter transitions in Antarctic ponds: III. Chemical changes

Antarctic Science ◽

10.1017/s0954102011000721 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 121-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jenny Webster-Brown ◽

Ian Hawes ◽

Karl Safi ◽

Brian Sorrell ◽

Nathaniel Wilson

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Water Column ◽

Ice Shelf ◽

Toxic Trace Elements ◽

Mineral Phases ◽

Show Evidence ◽

Speciation Modelling ◽

Geochemical Speciation ◽

Inorganic Solutes ◽

High Concentrations

AbstractObservations were made of water column chemistry in four Na-Cl dominated ponds on the McMurdo Ice Shelf from the end of January to early April in 2008. During that time the ponds went from ice-free to predominantly frozen, with only a small volume of residual hypoxic, saline liquid trapped at the base of each pond. Changes in the concentrations of inorganic solutes with time distinguished Na, Cl, Mg, K, SO4, As, U and Mn as ions and trace elements that behave mainly conservatively during freezing, from those which are affected by biological processes (removing HCO3) and the precipitation of mineral phases such as calcite (removing Ca and more HCO3). Dissolved Fe, Mo, Cu and Zn also show evidence of precipitation from the water column during freezing; geochemical speciation modelling predicts the formation of stable insoluble mineral phases such as Fe oxides and oxyhydroxides while conditions are oxic, and Fe-, Cu-, Mo- and Zn-sulphide minerals in the presence of H2S. Consequently, under winter conditions, residual liquid beneath the ice in such ponds is anticipated to be an anoxic Na-Cl brine with the capacity to develop high concentrations of toxic trace elements such as As and U.

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