The Slowing Rotation of the Earth

New techniques of measurement make it possible in 1984 to determine positions on the surface of the Earth to a much higher precision than was possible in 1884. If we look beyond the requirements of navigation we can see useful applications of global geodetic positioning to centimetric accuracy for such purposes as the control of mapping and the study of crustal movements. These new techniques depend upon observations of external objects, such as satellites or quasars rather than stars, and they require that the positions of these objects and the orientation of the surface of the Earth are both known with respect to an appropriate external reference system that is ‘fixed’ in space. We need networks of observing stations and analysis centres that monitor the motions of the external objects and the rotation of the Earth. Observations of stars by a transit circle are no longer adequate for this purpose.

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Sensing the rotation of the Earth

The Physics Teacher ◽

10.1119/1.2343489 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 111-111

Author(s):

H. Richard Crane

Keyword(s):

The Earth ◽

Rotation Of The Earth

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Seasonal variations and north–south asymmetries in polar wind outflow due to solar illumination

Annales Geophysicae ◽

10.5194/angeo-34-961-2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (11) ◽

pp. 961-974 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Lukas Maes ◽

Romain Maggiolo ◽

Johan De Keyser

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Variations ◽

Solar Zenith Angle ◽

The Sun ◽

Polar Ionosphere ◽

Polar Cap ◽

Polar Wind ◽

Simple Set ◽

The Earth ◽

Rotation Of The Earth ◽

Set Up

Abstract. The cold ions (energy less than several tens of electronvolts) flowing out from the polar ionosphere, called the polar wind, are an important source of plasma for the magnetosphere. The main source of energy driving the polar wind is solar illumination, which therefore has a large influence on the outflow. Observations have shown that solar illumination creates roughly two distinct regimes where the outflow from a sunlit ionosphere is higher than that from a dark one. The transition between both regimes is at a solar zenith angle larger than 90°. The rotation of the Earth and its orbit around the Sun causes the magnetic polar cap to move into and out of the sunlight. In this paper we use a simple set-up to study qualitatively the effects of these variations in solar illumination of the polar cap on the ion flux from the whole polar cap. We find that this flux exhibits diurnal and seasonal variations even when combining the flux from both hemispheres. In addition there are asymmetries between the outflows from the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.

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A Functional Connection between the Circadian Clock and Hormonal Timing in Arabidopsis

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes9120567 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 567 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Manjul Singh ◽

Paloma Mas

Keyword(s):

Circadian Clock ◽

Biological Significance ◽

Feedback Regulation ◽

Environmental Cues ◽

Hormone Signaling ◽

Functional Connection ◽

The Earth ◽

Exogenous Cues ◽

Rotation Of The Earth ◽

Molecular Components

The rotation of the Earth entails changes in environmental conditions that pervasively influence an organism’s physiology and metabolism. An internal cellular mechanism known as the circadian clock acts as an internal timekeeper that is able to perceive the changes in environmental cues to generate 24-h rhythms in synchronization with daily and seasonal fluctuations. In plants, the circadian clock function is particularly important and regulates nearly every aspect of plant growth and development as well as proper responses to stresses. The circadian clock does not function in isolation but rather interconnects with an intricate network of different pathways, including those of phytohormones. Here, we describe the interplay of the circadian clock with a subset of hormones in Arabidopsis. The molecular components directly connecting the circadian and hormone pathways are described, highlighting the biological significance of such connections in the control of growth, development, fitness, and survival. We focus on the overlapping as well as contrasting circadian and hormonal functions that together provide a glimpse on how the Arabidopsis circadian system regulates hormone function in response to endogenous and exogenous cues. Examples of feedback regulation from hormone signaling to the clock are also discussed.

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Self-Organization of Water Molecules Over 11-Year Solar Cycle

10.21203/rs.3.rs-658861/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Igor Shevchenko

Keyword(s):

Solar Activity ◽

Water Clusters ◽

The Self ◽

Self Organization ◽

Water Molecules ◽

Annual Variations ◽

The Earth ◽

Rate Of Hydrolysis ◽

Rotation Of The Earth ◽

Northern And Southern Hemispheres

Abstract The variations of solar activity and distribution of solar energy due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis and around the Sun exert a strong influence on the self-organization of water molecules. As a result, the rate of hydrolytic processes with the participation of water clusters displays diurnal, very large annual variations, and is also modulated by the 11-year cycles of solar activity. It also depends on the geographic latitude and can be different at the same time in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. This phenomenon is well accounted for by the influence of muons on the self-organization of water molecules. Muons are constantly generated in the upper atmosphere by the solar wind. They reach the surface of the Earth and can penetrate to some depth underground. Buildings also absorb muons. For this reason, the rate of hydrolysis outside and inside buildings, as well as underground, can differ significantly from each other.

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Solar Tracker

International Journal of Recent Technology and Applied Science ◽

10.36079/lamintang.ijortas-0201.60 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 59-65

Author(s):

Irfan Danial Hashim ◽

Ammar Asyraf Ismail ◽

Muhammad Arief Azizi

Keyword(s):

Fossil Fuels ◽

Electrical Energy ◽

Maximum Amount ◽

Solar Panel ◽

Angle Of Incidence ◽

The Sun ◽

Continuous Change ◽

The Earth ◽

Solar Tracker ◽

Rotation Of The Earth

Solar Tracker The generation of power from the reduction of fossil fuels is the biggest challenge for the next half century. The idea of converting solar energy into electrical energy using photovoltaic panels holds its place in the front row compared to other renewable sources. But the continuous change in the relative angle of the sun with reference to the earth reduces the watts delivered by solar panel. Conventional solar panel, fixed with a certain angle, limits their area of exposure from the sun due to rotation of the earth. Output of the solar cells depends on the intensity of the sun and the angle of incidence. To solve this problem, an automatic solar cell is needed, where the Solar Tracker will track the motion of the sun across the sky to ensure that the maximum amount of sunlight strikes the panels throughout the day. By using Light Dependent Resistors, it will navigate the solar panel to get the best angle of exposure of light from the sun.

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Specific Formation of the Bermuda and Dragon Triangles as a Result of a Change in the Axis of the Earth’s Rotation

Issue 4 - Journal of Science and Technology ◽

10.46243/jst.2020.v5.i6.pp19-25 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 19-25

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Southeast Asia ◽

Earth’S Rotation ◽

Earth's Rotation ◽

Axis Of Rotation ◽

The Earth ◽

Rotation Of The Earth ◽

North And South America ◽

North And South

The Bermuda Triangle is located in the area of the archipelago between North and South America and the Dragon Triangle is located in the area of the archipelago in Southeast Asia. There is a great resemblance between these two triangular areas; both were formed following special geological and tectonic conditions. It is herein proposed that their creation stems from the change in location of the axis of rotation of the earth and, accordingly, the change in the location of the equator.

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