Human Lumbar Vertebral Body: Analysis of Its Functionally Optimal Structure

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the clinical relevance of compensating SPECT data for patient specific attenuation by the use of CT data simultaneously acquired with SPECT/CT when analyzing the skeletal uptake of polyphosphonates (DPD). Furthermore, the influence of misregistration between SPECT and CT data on uptake ratios was investigated. Methods: Thirty-six data sets from bone SPECTs performed on a hybrid SPECT/CT system were retrospectively analyzed. Using regions of interest (ROIs), raw counts were determined in the fifth lumbar vertebral body, its facet joints, both anterior iliacal spinae, and of the whole transversal slice. ROI measurements were performed in uncorrected (NAC) and attenuation-corrected (AC) images. Furthermore, the ROI measurements were also performed in AC scans in which SPECT and CT images had been misaligned by 1 cm in one dimension beforehand (ACX, ACY, ACZ). Results: After AC, DPD uptake ratios differed significantly from the NAC values in all regions studied ranging from 32% for the left facet joint to 39% for the vertebral body. AC using misaligned pairs of patient data sets led to a significant change of whole-slice uptake ratios whose differences ranged from 3,5 to 25%. For ACX, the average left-to-right ratio of the facet joints was by 8% and for the superior iliacal spines by 31% lower than the values determined for the matched images (p <0.05). Conclusions: AC significantly affects DPD uptake ratios. Furthermore, misalignment between SPECT and CT may introduce significant errors in quantification, potentially also affecting leftto- right ratios. Therefore, at clinical evaluation of attenuation- corrected scans special attention should be given to possible misalignments between SPECT and CT.

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Anatomy of the Spinal Cord

10.1093/med/9780197512166.003.0007 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 60-67

Author(s):

Jennifer A. Tracy

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Vertebral Body ◽

Spinal Canal ◽

Conus Medullaris ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Cervical Cord ◽

Filum Terminale ◽

Upper Limbs ◽

Descending Pathways ◽

Lumbar Vertebral Body

The spinal cord begins as the cervical cord immediately below the medulla and extends through the spinal canal, where it becomes the thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal parts of the cord. In most persons, the spinal cord proper ends at the lower portion of the first lumbar vertebral body, where it forms the conus medullaris and, finally, the filum terminale. A cervical enlargement contains the innervation pathways of the upper limbs; a lumbar enlargement contains the pathways of the lower limbs. This chapter reviews ascending and descending pathways in the spinal cord.

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Treatment of a Compression Fracture at a Previously Instrumented Lumbar Vertebral Body Using Balloon Kyphoplasty: A Technical Case Report

Cureus ◽

10.7759/cureus.4018 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Chad Claus ◽

Evan Lytle ◽

Lucas Garmo ◽

Doris Tong ◽

Boyd Richards

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Vertebral Body ◽

Compression Fracture ◽

Balloon Kyphoplasty ◽

Lumbar Vertebral Body

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Diet-related changes in mechanical properties of rat vertebrae

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1992.262.2.r318 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 262 (2) ◽

pp. R318-R321 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G. J. Salem ◽

R. F. Zernicke ◽

R. J. Barnard

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Vertebral Body ◽

Calcium Metabolism ◽

Bone Mineralization ◽

Maximum Load ◽

Control Group ◽

Buffer Solution ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lumbar Vertebral Body ◽

Significant Difference

High fat and sucrose (HFS) diets may induce glucose intolerance, alter calcium metabolism, and lead to deficits in bone mineralization, development, and mechanical properties. To determine the mechanical and structural consequences of a HFS diet on rapidly growing vertebrae, female Sprague-Dawley rats (8 wk) were assigned randomly (2:1) either to a control group (n = 20) fed a low-fat complex-carbohydrate diet or an experimental group (n = 10) fed a HFS diet for 10-12 wk. The sixth lumbar vertebral body (L6) was isolated from the pedicles, morphological measures were taken, and compression was tested at a fast strain rate, while immersed in a warmed (37 degrees C) isotonic physiological buffer solution. No significant difference in body mass existed between HFS and control groups; nevertheless, HFS L6 cross-sectional areas, lengths, and volumes were significantly smaller than controls. The HFS L6 also had significantly lower mechanical properties, including initial maximum load, energy at initial maximum load, and strain energy density at initial maximum load. Diets high in sucrose and fat content have been associated with changes in calcium metabolism, and the results of the current study suggest that in immature vertebrae, a HFS diet may adversely affect vertebral body mechanical integrity and strength.

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Circulating insulin levels are related to bone density in normal postmenopausal women

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1993.265.4.e655 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 265 (4) ◽

pp. E655-E659 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

I. R. Reid ◽

M. C. Evans ◽

G. J. Cooper ◽

R. W. Ames ◽

J. Stapleton

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Vertebral Body ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Volumetric Density ◽

Insulin Levels ◽

The Third ◽

Lumbar Vertebral Body ◽

Total Body

We recently established that the dependence of bone mineral density (BMD) on body weight in women is mainly attributable to a close relationship between total body fat mass and BMD. The present study assesses whether this latter relationship might be contributed to by the hormones insulin or amylin, both of which may influence fat mass and calcium metabolism. Fifty-three normal postmenopausal women underwent a 75-g glucose tolerance test with measurement of plasma insulin and amylin concentrations every 30 min for 2 h. Body composition and BMD/height (to provide a quantity with the dimensions of volumetric density that is independent of body size) were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and volumetric density of the third lumbar vertebral body was calculated. Circulating insulin concentrations correlated with BMD/height and volumetric density of the third lumbar vertebral body (r = 0.28-0.52). They also were related to body weight (r = 0.34-0.56) and fat mass (r = 0.38-0.56) but were not independently related to lean mass on multiple regression. There were no consistent relationships between amylin levels and these variables. Multiple-regression analyses with fat mass and insulin levels as independent variables indicated that BMD/height of total body and femoral trochanter were primarily related to fat mass, whereas, in femoral neck, the significant relationship was with insulin. Volumetric density of the third lumbar vertebral body was related to insulin levels alone on this analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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