Mapping the occurrence and thickness of soil horizons within soil profiles

2012 ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Gastaldi ◽  
B Minasny ◽  
A McBratney
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soil Horizons

scholarly journals Spectral signatures of soil horizons and soil orders – An exploratory study of 270 soil profiles

Geoderma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 389 ◽  
pp. 114961
Author(s):  
Yakun Zhang ◽  
Alfred E. Hartemink ◽  
Jingyi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Spectral Signatures

scholarly journals Soil profile connectivity can impact microbial substrate use, affecting how soil CO<sub>2</sub> effluxes are controlled by temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 4755-4772
Author(s):  
Frances A. Podrebarac ◽  
Sharon A. Billings ◽  
Kate A. Edwards ◽  
Jérôme Laganière ◽  
Matthew J. Norwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Substrate Use ◽  
Labile C ◽  
C And N ◽  
Soil Climate ◽  
Intact Soil ◽  
Respiratory Responses

Abstract. Determining controls on the temperature sensitivity of heterotrophic soil respiration remains critical to incorporating soil–climate feedbacks into climate models. Most information on soil respiratory responses to temperature comes from laboratory incubations of isolated soils and typically subsamples of individual horizons. Inconsistencies between field and laboratory results may be explained by microbial priming supported by cross-horizon exchange of labile C or N. Such exchange is feasible in intact soil profiles but is absent when soils are isolated from surrounding depths. Here we assess the role of soil horizon connectivity, by which we mean the degree to which horizons remain layered and associated with each other as they are in situ, on microbial C and N substrate use and its relationship to the temperature sensitivity of respiration. We accomplished this by exploring changes in C : N, soil organic matter composition (via C : N, amino acid composition and concentration, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy), and the δ13C of respiratory CO2 during incubations of organic horizons collected across boreal forests in different climate regions where soil C and N compositions differ. The experiments consisted of two treatments: soil incubated (1) with each organic horizon separately and (2) as a whole organic profile, permitting cross-horizon exchange of substrates during the incubation. The soils were incubated at 5 and 15 ∘C for over 430 d. Enhanced microbial use of labile C-rich, but not N-rich, substrates were responsible for enhanced, whole-horizon respiratory responses to temperature relative to individual soil horizons. This impact of a labile C priming mechanism was most emergent in soils from the warmer region, consistent with these soils' lower C bioreactivity relative to soils from the colder region. Specifically, cross-horizon exchange within whole soil profiles prompted increases in mineralization of carbohydrates and more 13C-enriched substrates and increased soil respiratory responses to warming relative to soil horizons incubated in isolation. These findings highlight that soil horizon connectivity can impact microbial substrate use in ways that affect how soil effluxes of CO2 are controlled by temperature. The degree to which this mechanism exerts itself in other soils remains unknown, but these results highlight the importance of understanding mechanisms that operate in intact soil profiles – only rarely studied – in regulating a key soil–climate feedback.

RELATIVE PRODUCTIVITY OF SOIL HORIZONS, SINGLY AND IN MIXTURE

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Lutwick ◽  
E. H. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Relative Productivity

Alfalfa was grown in the greenhouse on the various horizons, singly and in mixture, of two southern Alberta soil profiles. Manure and phosphate fertilizer treatments were superimposed.Highest yields of alfalfa and highest uptakes of phosphorus by the alfalfa were obtained where the crop was grown on soil containing A horizon material. Responses to fertilizer treatments were greatest on those soils containing no A horizon material. The yields obtained on the fertilized subsoils were approximately equal to those obtained on the unfertilized topsoil, but in no case did the fertilized subsoil produce as much alfalfa as the fertilized topsoil.

scholarly journals Redistribution of extractable nutrients following disc trenching on Luvisols and Brunisols in Saskatchewan

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Nesdoly ◽  
K. C. J. Vanrees
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Large Pool ◽  
Silvicultural Management ◽  
Seedling Roots ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Extractable Nutrients

Disc trenching is an important silvicultural management tool for creating microsites to ensure the survival and growth of newly planted seedlings. Mounded microsites are thought to be a source of nutrients for seedling roots; however, little is known concerning how nutrients are redistributed in the soil after disc trenching. The objective of this study, therefore, was to determine the redistribution of soil horizons and selected soil chemical properties following Delta disc trenching. Three sites were selected on both Luvisol and Brunisol soils in northern Saskatchewan. Soil profiles were excavated and samples collected from 15 × 5 cm grids to a 1-m depth. Samples were analyzed for pH and extractable nitrate (NO3), ammonium (NH4), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and sulfur (S). Disc trenching concentrated extractable N, P and S in the berm microsite compared to the trench microsites. The redistribution of extractable NO3, NH4 and P in the berms compared to the trench microsites was 20 times greater for Luvisol sites compared to the Brunisol sites, while extractable K and S were similar between both microsites for each soil. Seedlings planted on these mounded microsites therefore should have a large pool of nutrients for plant growth; however, further work is needed to determine patterns of nutrient uptake by seedlings in relation to mounded and trench microsites. Key words: Delta disc trenching, boreal forest, Luvisols, Brunisols, nutrients

Pleistocene Glaciation of Volcano Ajusco, Central Mexico, and Comparison with the Standard Mexican Glacial Sequence

1984 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney E. White ◽  
Salvatore Valastro
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Organic Residue ◽  
Pleistocene Glaciation ◽  
Pleistocene Glaciations ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
The Third ◽  
Black Ash

Three Pleistocene glaciations and two Holocene Neoglacial advances occurred on volcano Ajusco in central Mexico. Lateral moraines of the oldest glaciation, the Marqués, above 3250 m are made of light-gray indurated till and are extensively modified by erosion. Below 3200 m the till is dark red, decomposed, and buried beneath volcanic colluvium and tephra. Very strongly to strongly developed soil profiles (Inceptisols) have formed in the Marqués till and in overlying colluvia and tephra. Large sharp-crested moraines of the second glaciation, the Santo Tomás, above 3300 m are composed of pale-brown firm till and are somewhat eroded by gullies. Below 3250 m the till is light reddish brown, cemented, and weathered. Less-strongly developed soil profiles (Inceptisols) have formed in the Santo Tomás till and in overlying colluvia and tephra. Narrow-crested moraines of yellowish-brown loose till of the third glaciation, the Albergue, are uneroded. Weakly developed soil profiles (Inceptisols) in the Albergue till have black ash in the upper horizon. Two small Neoglacial moraines of yellowish-brown bouldery till on the cirque floor of the largest valley support weakly developed soil profiles with only A and Cox horizons and no ash in the upper soil horizons. Radiocarbon dating of organic matter of the B horizons developed in tills, volcanic ash, and colluvial volcanic sand includes ages for both the soil-organic residue and the humic-acid fraction, with differences from 140 to 660 yr. The dating provides minimum ages of about 27,000 yr for the Marqués glaciation and about 25,000 yr for the Santo Tomás glaciation. Dates for the overlying tephra indicate a complex volcanic history for at least another 15,000 yr. Comparison of the Ajusco glacial sequence with that on Iztaccíhuatl to the east suggests that the Marqués and Santo Tomás glaciations may be equivalent to the Diamantes glaciation First and Second advances, the Albergue to the Alcalican glaciations, and the Neoglacial to the Ayolotepito advances.

FUNGI ISOLATED FROM SOIL PROFILES IN MANITOBA

1935 ◽  
Vol 13c (1) ◽  
pp. 47-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Bisby ◽  
M. I. Timonin ◽  
N. James
Keyword(s):  
Standard Technique ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
Routine Method ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Representative Samples

Representative samples of the fungi in the soil horizons of 12 profiles of five types of virgin soil in Manitoba were identified. The isolations were made by the standard technique; and in addition to the routine method of incubating dilution plates aerobically at 25 °C., other plates were incubated aerobically at 37 °C., others aerobically at about 6 °C., and others anaerobically at about 20 °C. Fifty-six fungi not previously known in Manitoba soil were obtained. The more important species of fungi found in soil are discussed.

scholarly journals Widespread loss of intermediate soil horizons in urban landscapes

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (26) ◽  
pp. 6751-6755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin L. Herrmann ◽  
Laura A. Schifman ◽  
William D. Shuster
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Ecosystem Function ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Urban Landscapes ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Short Time

Soils support terrestrial ecosystem function and therefore are critical urban infrastructure for generating ecosystem services. Urbanization processes modify ecosystem function by changing the layers of soils identified as soil horizons. Soil horizons are integrative proxies for suites of soil properties and as such can be used as an observable unit to track modifications within soil profiles. Here, in an analysis of 11 cities representing 10 of the 12 soil orders, we show that urban soils have ∼50% fewer soil horizons than preurban soils. Specifically, B horizons were much less common in urban soils and were replaced by a deepening of A horizons and a shallowing of C horizons. This shift is likely due to two processes: (i) local management, i.e., soil removal, mixing, and fill additions, and (ii) soil development timelines, i.e., urbanized soils are young and have had short time periods for soil horizon development since urbanization (decades to centuries) relative to soil formation before urbanization (centuries to millennia). Urban soils also deviated from the standard A-B-C horizon ordering at a much greater frequency than preurban soils. Overall, our finding of common shifts in urban soil profiles across soil orders and cities suggests that urban soils may function differently from their preurban antecedents. This work introduces a basis for improving our understanding of soil modifications by urbanization and its potential effects on ecosystem functioning and thereby has implications for ecosystem services derived from urban landscapes.

scholarly journals Dissolved Organic Carbon Flux On Forest Toposequences in Jambi, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 970-976
Author(s):  
Kukuh Murtilaksono ◽  
Syaiful Anwar ◽  
Arief Hartono ◽  
Sunarti Sunarti ◽  
Yakov Kuzyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Flux ◽  
National Park ◽  
Soil Horizon ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Soil Horizons ◽  
Organic Carbon Flux ◽  
Doc Concentration ◽  
Doc Flux ◽  
Lower Slope

DOC fluxes were studied within soil profiles on forest toposequences transect of Bukit Dua Belas National Park and Harapan Forest, Jambi, Indonesia. DOC concentration was determined using NPOC (Non Purgeable Organic Carbon) method.  Amount and DOC flux from soil horizons on the lower slope was significantly higher than that from the middle and the upper slopes. Amount and DOC flux from AO soil horizon was significantly higher than that from AB and B soil horizons.  DOC was maximally accumulated from AO soil horizon of soil profile on lower slope during rainy season.

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