Obesity increases the risk of metabolic disorders, partly through increased oxidative stress. Here, we examined the effects of a dietary micronutrient supplement (consisting of folate, vitamin B6, choline, betaine, and zinc) with antioxidant and methyl donor activities. Male Sprague Dawley rats (3 weeks old, 17/group) were weaned onto control (C) or high-fat diet (HFD) or same diets with added micronutrient supplement (CS; HS). At 14.5 weeks of age, body composition was measured by magnetic resonance imaging. At 21 weeks of age, respiratory quotient and energy expenditure was measured using Comprehensive Lab Animal Monitoring System. At 22 weeks of age, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and using fasting glucose and insulin values, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated as a surrogate measure of insulin resistance. At 30.5 weeks of age, blood and liver tissues were harvested. Liver antioxidant capacity, lipids and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism (Cd36, Fabp1, Acaca, Fasn, Cpt1a, Srebf1) were measured. HFD increased adiposity (p < 0.001) and body weight (p < 0.001), both of which did not occur in the HS group. The animals fed HFD developed impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, and fasting hyperinsulinemia compared to control fed animals. Interestingly, HS animals demonstrated an improvement in fasting glucose and fasting insulin. Based on insulin release during OGTT and HOMA-IR, the supplement appeared to reduce the insulin resistance developed by HFD feeding. Supplementation increased hepatic glutathione content (p < 0.05) and reduced hepatic triglyceride accumulation (p < 0.001) regardless of diet; this was accompanied by altered gene expression (particularly of CPT-1). Our findings show that dietary micronutrient supplementation can reduce weight gain and adiposity, improve glucose metabolism, and improve hepatic antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism in response to HFD intake.
Maternal adherence to micronutrient supplementation before and during pregnancy in Northwest China: a large-scale population-based cross-sectional survey