scholarly journals Malnutrition-Sarcopenia Syndrome: Is This the Future of Nutrition Screening and Assessment for Older Adults?

2016 ◽  
pp. 19-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurits Vandewoude ◽  
Carolyn Alish ◽  
Abby Sauer ◽  
Refaat Hegazi
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nutrition Screening ◽  
The Future

Nutrition Screening Index for Older Adults (SCREEN II©) Demonstrates Sex and Age Invariance

2010 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly D. Reimer ◽  
Heather H. Keller ◽  
Scott B. Maitland ◽  
Jessica Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Nutrition Screening ◽  
Screen Ii

scholarly journals Longitudinal Associations of Stroke With Cognitive Impairment Among Older Adults in the United States: A Population-Based Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Wu ◽  
Li Fan ◽  
Songqing Ke ◽  
Yangting He ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Multivariable Model ◽  
The Future ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Weighted Proportion

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the longitudinal associations of stroke with cognitive impairment in older US adults.Method: The data used in this longitudinal analysis were extracted from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) from 2011 to 2019. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the longitudinal association of stroke with cognitive impairment. The multivariable model was adjusted by demographic, physical, and mental characteristics, and the complex survey design of NHATS was taken into consideration.Results: A total of 7,052 participants with complete data were included. At the baseline, the weighted proportion of cognitive impairment was 19.37% (95% CI, 17.92–20.81%), and the weighted proportion of the history of stroke was 9.81% (95% CI, 8.90–10.72%). In univariate analysis, baseline stroke history was significantly associated with cognitive impairment in the future (hazard ratio, 1.746; 95% CI, 1.461–2.088), and the baseline cognitive impairment was significantly associated with future report of stroke (hazard ratio, 1.436; 95% CI, 1.088–1.896). In multivariable model, stroke was also significantly associated with cognitive impairment (hazard ratio, 1.241; 95% CI, 1.011–1.522); however, the reverse association was not significant (hazard ratio, 1.068; 95% CI, 0.788–1.447). After the data from proxy respondents were excluded, in the sensitive analyses, the results remained unchanged.Conclusion: Older adults in the United States who suffered strokes are more likely to develop cognitive impairment as a result in the future than those who have not had strokes. However, the reverse association did not hold. Furthermore, the study suggests that it is necessary to screen and take early intervention for cognitive impairment in stroke survivors and prevent the incidence of stroke by modifying risk factors in the general population with rapidly growing older US adults.

scholarly journals 0101 Episodic Future Thinking Triggers Age-Related Differences in Spindles and Slow Oscillations

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A40-A40
Author(s):  
J Diaz ◽  
P Fillmore ◽  
C Gao ◽  
M K Scullin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Word Count ◽  
Future Thinking ◽  
Future Tense ◽  
Slow Oscillations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Future

Abstract Introduction In young adults, sleep spindles are theorized to represent memory consolidation. Spindle density may be especially prominent when young adults encode information that has future relevance. Older adults, on the other hand, show reduced capacity for future thinking and deficits in sleep-dependent memory consolidation. To advance these literatures, we investigated whether the process of mentally simulating the future (versus remembering the past) was associated with subsequent alterations to sleep microarchitecture in young and older adults. Methods 64 healthy adults aged 18–84 completed a polysomnography adaptation night followed by two in-laboratory experimental nights. On both nights, participants completed the Modified Future Crovitz Test (MFCT) in which they mentally simulated only future events or remembered only past events (night order counterbalanced). To quantify the extent of future/past thinking, we conducted linguistics analyses on tense (future/past) using LIWC 2015 software. Results On the future-thinking night, young adults with greater future-tense MFCT scores showed significantly greater spindle density across frontal, midline, and central sites (r=.42 to r=.51), even when controlling for age, gender, and total word count (all ps < .01). The opposite was true for middle-to-older aged adults; greater future-tense MFCT scores were associated with less spindle density across midline and central sites after controlling for age, gender, and word count (r=-.44 to r=-.46, ps<.05). However, while spindle density decreased, frontal slow oscillations increased in older adults with greater future-tense MFCT scores (r=.39, p<.05). On the past-thinking night, spindle density and slow oscillations were unrelated to past-tense or future-tense MFCT scores for either age group. Conclusion Age-related deficits in memory consolidation may be due to impaired tagging of information as having future relevance, or impaired physiological responses during sleep to wake-based tagging. Addressing encoding—spindle interactions may inform why cognitive functioning declines in some adults more than others. Support Sleep Research Society Foundation

scholarly journals NUTRITION ASSESSMENT IN HIGH-RISK PATIENTS: NRS-2002, PG-SGA, AND NFPE IN OLDER ADULTS PREPARING FOR ELECTIVE SURGERY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S392-S392
Author(s):  
Kathryn N Porter Starr ◽  
Kenlyn Young ◽  
Shelley R McDonald ◽  
Nancy Loyack ◽  
Sandhya ​Sandhya Lagoo-Deenadayalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Surgical Complications ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Nutrition Intervention ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Nutrition Screening ◽  
Nrs 2002

Abstract Post-surgical complications are most common in older adults. While a number of factors contribute, one key determinant is malnutrition. Malnutrition is seen in up to 86% of older adults at hospital admission. Malnutrition and post-surgical complications are linked through two critical observations: 1) malnutrition dramatically reduces the ability of older adults to overcome postsurgical health stressors, and 2) nutritional status is likely to deteriorate further during hospitalization and after discharge. Despite convincing evidence that perioperative nutrition intervention can improve surgical outcomes, nutrition screening and assessment in the preoperative period is not required or standardized. We will review issues surrounding screening and assessment of malnutrition in older adults preparing for elective surgery and present data on screening (NRS-2002) and assessment tools (Nutrition Focused Physical Exam and PG-SGA) used in this high-risk population. Finally, we will discuss best practices for identifying and intervening with malnourished older adults in the preoperative setting.

scholarly journals A-03 Executive and Memory Components of Prospective Memory in Aging and Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 793-793
Author(s):  
Olmos W ◽  
Moreno J ◽  
Tran J ◽  
Alving L ◽  
Woo E
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Composite Score ◽  
California Verbal Learning Test ◽  
Memory Functions ◽  
Single Action ◽  
Memory Functioning ◽  
The Future

Abstract Objective Prospective memory (PM) involves remembering to perform an intended action in the future. PM is critical for older adults’ daily functioning. This ability is not a unitary construct, so in this study, we determined the roles of executive and memory functioning in different subtypes of PM, including simple PM (ability to execute a single action in the future) and complex PM (ability to execute different actions depending on the context). Method Participants included 58 healthy older adults, 64 persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 17 participants with Alzheimer’s disease. Simple PM was defined as remembering to ask the examiner for a pill after each neuropsychological test performed. Complex PM was defined as asking for the correct number of pills based on whether the test just completed involved memory (1 pill) or not (2 pills). An Executive composite score included Trail Making Test-B and FAS. The Memory composite score included delayed recall from the California Verbal Learning Test-II and the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised. Results Whole group analyses showed that simple PM was significantly correlated with memory functions, and complex PM was significantly correlated with both memory and executive functions. Specific to the MCI group, regression analyses showed that executive and memory skills predicted both simple PM and complex PM. Conclusions These findings suggest that complex PM requires more executive demands than simple PM. For those with MCI, better executive and memory functions predicted PM generally. These findings indicate that both types of PM may be important for assessing the risk state for dementia.

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