scholarly journals TESTOSTERONE TREATMENT IN ADOLESCENTS WITH DELAYED PUBERTY: EFFECTS ON LEAN BODY MASS, INSULIN SENSITIVITY AND INSULIN CLEARANCE. †490

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 84-84
Author(s):  
Silva A Arslanian ◽  
Chittiwat Suprasongsin
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Insulin Clearance ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Testosterone Treatment

scholarly journals What Are the Physical Characteristics Associated with a Normal Metabolic Profile Despite a High Level of Obesity in Postmenopausal Women?1

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 1020-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Brochu ◽  
André Tchernof ◽  
Isabelle J. Dionne ◽  
Cynthia K. Sites ◽  
Georgia H. Eltabbakh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Although obesity is often associated with insulin resistance and a cluster of metabolic disturbances, the existence of a subgroup of healthy but obese individuals has been postulated. It is unclear why some obese individuals fail to show traditional risk factors associated with the insulin resistance syndrome despite having a very high accumulation of body fat. To address this issue, we identified and studied a subgroup of metabolically normal but obese (MNO) postmenopausal women to gain insight into potential physiological factors that may protect them against the development of obesity-related comorbidities. We carefully examined the metabolic characteristics of 43 obese, sedentary postmenopausal women (mean ± sd, 58.0± 6.0 yr). Subjects were classified as MNO or as metabolically abnormal obese (MAO) based on an accepted cut-point for insulin sensitivity (measured by the hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamp technique). Thereafter, we determined 1) body composition (fat mass and lean body mass), 2) body fat distribution (abdominal visceral and sc adipose tissue areas, midthigh sc adipose tissue and muscle attenuation), 3) plasma lipid-lipoprotein levels, 4) plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, 5) resting blood pressure, 6) peak oxygen consumption, 7) physical activity energy expenditure, and 8) age-related onset of obesity with a questionnaire as potential modulators of differences in the risk profile. We identified 17 MNO subjects who displayed high insulin sensitivity (11.2 ± 2.6 mg/min·kg lean body mass) and 26 MAO subjects with lower insulin sensitivity (5.7 ± 1.1 mg/min·kg lean body mass). Despite comparable total body fatness between groups (45.2 ± 5.3% vs. 44.8 ± 6.6%; P = NS), MNO individuals had 49% less visceral adipose tissue than MAO subjects (141 ± 53 vs. 211 ± 85 cm2; P < 0.01). No difference was noted between groups for abdominal sc adipose tissue (453 ± 126 vs. 442 ± 144 cm2; P = NS), total fat mass (38.1 ± 10.6 vs. 40.0 ± 11.8 kg), muscle attenuation (42.2± 2.6 vs. 43.6 ± 4.8 Houndsfield units), and physical activity energy expenditure (1060 ± 323 vs. 1045 ± 331 Cal/day). MNO subjects had lower fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and lower insulin levels during the oral glucose tolerance test (P values ranging between 0.01–0.001). No difference was observed between groups for 2-h glucose levels and glucose area during the oral glucose tolerance test. MNO subjects showed lower plasma triglycerides and higher high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations than MAO individuals (P < 0.01 in both cases). Results from the questionnaire indicated that 48% of the MNO women presented an early onset of obesity (<20 yr old) compared with 29% of the MAO subjects (P = 0.09). Stepwise regression analysis showed that visceral adipose tissue and the age-related onset of obesity explained 22% and 13%, respectively, of the variance observed in insulin sensitivity (total r2 = 0.35; P < 0.05 in both cases). Our results support the existence of a subgroup of obese but metabolically normal postmenopausal women who display high levels of insulin sensitivity despite having a high accumulation of body fat. This metabolically normal profile is associated with a lower accumulation of visceral adipose tissue and an earlier age-related onset of obesity.

scholarly journals A placebo-controlled randomized study with testosterone in Klinefelter syndrome: beneficial effects on body composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1250-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Høst ◽  
Anders Bojesen ◽  
Mogens Erlandsen ◽  
Kristian A Groth ◽  
Kurt Kristensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Klinefelter Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Testosterone Treatment

Context and objective Males with Klinefelter syndrome (KS) are typically hypogonadal with a high incidence of metabolic disease, increased body fat and mortality. Testosterone treatment of hypogonadal patients decrease fat mass, increase lean body mass and improve insulin sensitivity, but whether this extends to patients with KS is presently unknown. Research design and methods In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, BMI-matched cross-over study, 13 males with KS (age: 34.8 years; BMI: 26.7 kg/m2) received testosterone (Andriol®) 160 mg per day (testosterone) or placebo treatment for 6 months. Thirteen age- and BMI-matched healthy controls were recruited. DEXA scan, abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan and a hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp, muscle strength and maximal oxygen uptake measurement were performed. Results Total lean body mass and body fat mass were comparable between testosterone-naïve KS and controls using DEXA, whereas visceral fat mass, total abdominal and intra-abdominal fat by CT was increased (P < 0.05). Testosterone decreased total body fat (P = 0.01) and abdominal fat by CT (P = 0.04). Glucose disposal was similar between testosterone-naïve KS and controls (P = 0.3) and unchanged during testosterone (P = 0.8). Free fatty acid suppression during the clamp was impaired in KS and maximal oxygen uptake was markedly lower in KS, but both were unaffected by treatment. Testosterone increased hemoglobin and IGF-I. Conclusion Testosterone treatment in adult males with KS for 6 months leads to favorable changes in body composition with reductions in fat mass, including abdominal fat mass, but does not change measures of glucose homeostasis.

scholarly journals Relationship between body fat, lean body mass and disease severity in AECOPD patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiben Huang ◽  
Jiedong Ma ◽  
Xueting Hu ◽  
Jianing Wang ◽  
Xiaqi Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat

Comparison of the Effect of Soy protein and Whey protein on Body Composition: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Masoome Piri Damaghi ◽  
Atieh Mirzababaei ◽  
Sajjad Moradi ◽  
Elnaz Daneshzad ◽  
Atefeh Tavakoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Whey Protein ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage

Abstract Background: Essential amino acids (EAAs) promote the process of regulating muscle synthesis. Thus, whey protein that contains higher amounts of EAA can have a considerable effect on modifying muscle synthesis. However, there is insufficient evidence regarding the effect of soy and whey protein supplementation on body composition. Thus, we sought to perform a meta-analysis of published Randomized Clinical Trials that examined the effect of whey protein supplementation and soy protein supplementation on body composition (lean body mass, fat mass, body mass and body fat percentage) in adults. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, up to August 2020, for all relevant published articles assessing soy protein supplementation and whey protein supplementation on body composition parameters. We included all Randomized Clinical Trials that investigated the effect of whey protein supplementation and soy protein supplementation on body composition in adults. Pooled means and standard deviations (SD) were calculated using random-effects models. Subgroup analysis was applied to discern possible sources of heterogeneity. Results: After excluding non-relevant articles, 10 studies, with 596 participants, remained in this study. We found a significant increase in lean body mass after whey protein supplementation weighted mean difference (WMD: 0.91; 95% CI: 0.15, 1.67. P= 0.019). Subgroup analysis, for whey protein, indicated that there was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals concomitant to exercise (WMD: 1.24; 95% CI: 0.47, 2.00; P= 0.001). There was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals who received 12 or less weeks of whey protein (WMD: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.18, 2.63; P<0.0001). We observed no significant change between whey protein supplementation and body mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. We found no significant change between soy protein supplementation and lean body mass, body mass, fat mass, and body fat percentage. Subgroup analysis for soy protein indicated there was a significant increase in lean body mass in individuals who supplemented for 12 or less weeks with soy protein (WMD: 1.48; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.89; P< 0.0001). Conclusion: Whey protein supplementation significantly improved body composition via increases in lean body mass, without influencing fat mass, body mass, and body fat percentage.

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