scholarly journals Racial Differences in Secular Trends in Respiratory-Related Neonatal Mortality among VLBW Infants in the US

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (4, Part 2 of 2) ◽  
pp. 254A-254A
Author(s):  
Deepa Ranganathan ◽  
Stephen N Wall ◽  
Babak Khoshnood ◽  
Jaideep K Singh ◽  
Kwang-sun Lee
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Mortality ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Secular Trends ◽  
Vlbw Infants ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals Understanding racial differences of COPD patients with an ecological model: two large cohort studies in the US and Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204062232098245
Author(s):  
Hye Yun Park ◽  
Hyun Lee ◽  
Danbee Kang ◽  
Hye Sook Choi ◽  
Yeong Ha Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Prevalence Ratio ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Copd Patients ◽  
The Us

Background: There are limited data about the racial difference in the characteristics of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients who are treated at clinics. We aimed to compare sociodemographic and clinical characteristics between US and Korean COPD patients using large-scale nationwide COPD cohorts. Methods: We used the baseline demographic and clinical data of COPD patients aged 45 years or older with at least a 10 pack-per year smoking history from the Korean COPD Subtype Study (KOCOSS, n = 1686) cohort (2012–2018) and phase I (2008–2011) of the US Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) study ( n = 4477, 3461 were non-Hispanic whites [NHW], and 1016 were African Americans [AA]). Results: Compared to NHW, AA had a significantly lower adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) of cough >3 months (aPR: 0.67; 95% CI [confidence interval]: 0.60–0.75) and phlegm >3 months (aPR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.70–0.86), but higher aPR of dyspnea (modified Medical Round Council scale ⩾2) (aPR: 1.22; 95% CI: 1.15–1.29), short six-minute walk distance (<350 m) (aPR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.81–2.14), and poor quality of life (aPR: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05–1.15). Compared to NHW, Koreans had a significantly lower aPR of cough >3 months (aPR: 0.53; 95% CI: 0.47–0.59), phlegm >3 months (aPR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.67–0.82), dyspnea (aPR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.66–0.79), and moderate-to-severe acute exacerbation in the previous year (aPR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.65–0.82). NHW had the highest burden related to chronic bronchitis symptoms and cardiovascular diseases related to comorbidities. Conclusion: There are substantial differences in sociodemographic characteristics, clinical presentation, and comorbidities between COPD patients from the KOCOSS and COPDGene, which might be caused by interactions between various intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental factors of the ecological model. Thus, a broader and more comprehensive approach would be necessary to understand the racial differences of COPD patients.

Racial disparities in comprehensive biomarker testing and clinical trial enrollment among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (28_suppl) ◽  
pp. 125-125
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Hess ◽  
Debora S. Bruno ◽  
Xiaohong Li ◽  
Eric Wen Su ◽  
Monaliben Patel
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Trial Participation ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Us ◽  
Biomarker Testing ◽  
Clinical Trial Enrollment

125 Background: Racial disparities may exist at many levels in the health care system; in oncology, yet little is known about racial disparities in biomarker testing and clinical trial enrollment among patients with mCRC. This study was designed to explore racial differences in comprehensive biomarker testing and clinical trial enrollment in the US using a large real-world database. Methods: This retrospective observational study utilized the Flatiron Health electronic health records database, which includes longitudinal data from patients diagnosed with mCRC. Patients with mCRC were eligible for this study if they had evidence of systemic therapy from 1/1/2017 through 10/30/2020 and were alive for at least 120 days after metastatic diagnosis. Unadjusted analyses summarized differences in biomarker testing and clinical trial enrollment between White and Black race, adjusted regression analyses were conducted using all baseline variables as covariates. These data are de-identified and are not considered human subjects research in accordance with the US Code of Federal Regulations (45 CFR Part 46). Results: A total of 7,879 patients were eligible: 4,803 (61.0%) were White and 838 (10.6%) were Black. Comprehensive testing by next-generation sequencing (NGS) was received by 51.6% and 41.8% of patients who were White and Black, respectively (p < 0.0001). There was no significant difference in clinical trial participation across all lines of therapy (2.9%, White and 2.9% Black). There was a statistically significant relationship between NGS-based testing and clinical trial enrollment (p < 0.0001), however, race was not identified a moderating factor in this relationship in adjusted regression analyses. The receipt of molecularly-targeted therapy was comparable between both races (11.9% and 9.7% for White and Black, respectively; p = 0.06). Patients received FOLFOX+bevacizumab most commonly in the first line (34.3% White; 40.5% Black), all other regimens were within 2 percentage points between racial groups. Targeted agents were each used by less than 7.4% of the study population. Conclusions: The use of NGS-based testing is significantly different by race in this database. The significant relationship between NGS testing and clinical trial enrollment at any time in the database did not appear to be moderated by race; however, descriptive analyses suggest that the ongoing analyses by line of therapy and considering timing of testing may better quantify these relationships. These data may not be generalizable to the entire US population as they are obtained from a single database that is limited to practices using this EHR system.

Abstract P447: Index of Concentration at the Extremes and Diabetes Prevalence: The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (regards) Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gargya Malla ◽  
D. Leann Long ◽  
Nyesha C Black ◽  
Sha Zhu ◽  
Jalal Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Differences ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Diabetes Prevalence ◽  
Median Income ◽  
Census Tracts ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Us ◽  
Regards Study ◽  
Increase Diabetes Risk

Background: Stark regional and racial disparities in diabetes prevalence exist in the US. Community-level factors (e.g., median income) have been associated with higher diabetes prevalence. However, few studies have investigated how community-level spatial polarization, specifically in race and income, may relate to diabetes burden. Objective: To investigate the association between the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE), a measure that reflects polarization in race and income at the community-level, and individual-level diabetes prevalence. Methods: This analysis included 24,752 Black and White adults age ≥ 45 years at baseline (2003-2007) from the REGARDS Study. The ICE measure quantifies the concentration of community affluence and poverty in a census tract using both income and race jointly, with values ranging from -1 (most deprived) to +1 (most privileged). Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or random glucose ≥ 200 mg/dL or use of diabetes medication. Modified Poisson regression was used to obtain prevalence ratios and 95% CI for the association of ICE quartiles with prevalent diabetes. Results: The overall prevalence of diabetes was 21% and was highest for adults living in the most deprived census tracts (28.3%) and lowest for those living in the most privileged census tracts (12.5%). The association between ICE and prevalent diabetes was graded in crude analyses but attenuated after adjustment for individual-level sociodemographic, lifestyle and clinical factors (Table). Conclusion: Communities with greater polarization in race and income had a higher burden of diabetes. This association was mostly explained by individual-level socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. Further investigation of community-level attributes and how they relate to individual-level factors that increase diabetes risk is needed.

scholarly journals Racial Differences in Time to Breast Cancer Surgery and Overall Survival in the US Military Health System

JAMA Surgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. e185113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne L. Eaglehouse ◽  
Matthew W. Georg ◽  
Craig D. Shriver ◽  
Kangmin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Health System ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Breast Cancer Surgery ◽  
Military Health System ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us

Rising Infant Mortality in Delaware: An Examination of Racial Differences in Secular Trends

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Schempf ◽  
Charlan Kroelinger ◽  
Bernard Guyer
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Secular Trends

No Evidence of Racial Disparities in Blood Pressure Salt Sensitivity When Potassium Intake Exceeds Levels Recommended in the US Dietary Guidelines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore W. Kurtz ◽  
Stephen E. DiCarlo ◽  
Michal Pravenec ◽  
R. Curtis Morris
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Salt Intake ◽  
Salt Sensitivity ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Potassium Intake ◽  
Dietary Potassium ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact

On average, black individuals are widely believed to be more sensitive than white individuals to blood pressure (BP) effects of changes in salt intake. However, few studies have directly compared the BP effects of changing salt intake in black versus white individuals. In this narrative review, we analyze those studies and note that when potassium intake substantially exceeds the recently recommended US dietary goal of 87 mmol/d, black adults do not appear more sensitive than white adults to BP effects of short-term or long-term increases in salt intake (from an intake ≤ 50 mmol/d up to 150 mmol/d or more). However, with lower potassium intakes, racial differences in salt sensitivity are observed. Mechanistic studies suggest that racial differences in salt sensitivity are related to differences in vascular resistance responses to changes in salt intake mediated by vasodilator and vasoconstrictor pathways. With respect to cause and prevention of racial disparities in salt sensitivity, it is noteworthy that 1) on average, black individuals consume less potassium than white individuals and 2) consuming supplemental potassium bicarbonate, or potassium rich foods can prevent racial disparities in salt-sensitivity. However, the new US Dietary Guidelines reduced the dietary potassium goal well-below the amount associated with preventing racial disparities in salt sensitivity. These observations should motivate research on the impact of the new dietary potassium guidelines on racial disparities in salt sensitivity, the risks and benefits of potassium-containing salt substitutes or supplements, and methods for increasing consumption of foods rich in nutrients that protect against salt-induced hypertension.

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