Preemptive Morphine Analgesia Attenuates the Long-Term Consequences of Neonatal Inflammation in Male and Female Rats

Aspartame (ASP) is a sugar substitute. Its use rose because it has been demonstrated to have deleterious effects after being metabolized. In the presence of antioxidant vitamins C or E, the effects of ASP on reproductive hormones of adult male and female Albino Wister rats were investigated. A total of eighty male and female rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into four groups: group 1, received no treatment; group 2, received ASP at 40 mg/kg BW; group 3, received ASP at 40 mg/kg BW with vitamin C at 150 mg/kg BW; and group 4, received ASP at 40 mg/kg BW and vitamin E at 100 mg/kg BW. All treatments were given orally by gavage needle once daily for consecutive 90 days. The levels of estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone hormone (TH) were measured after 90 days in blood plasma. In comparison with the control group, ASP treatment resulted in lower levels of E2, FSH, and LH in male and female rats. When the antioxidants vitamin C or E was given, the effects of ASP were reversed, and the levels of E2, LH, and FSH were increased. The testosterone hormone was likewise significantly increased by ASP, but testosterone hormone concentrations were decreased by vitamin C or E treatments. Long-term ASP consumption caused interfering with testicular and ovarian hormonal activity, while vitamins C and E on the other hand, overcome longstanding consumption ASP's effects.

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BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF 131I AND 125I ISOTOPES OF IODINE IN THE RAT

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0710109 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

pp. 109-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

I. DONIACH ◽

D. J. SHALE

Keyword(s):

Thyroid Function ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Female Rats ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Significant Elevation ◽

Radioiodine Uptake ◽

Male And Female ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Serum Tsh

SUMMARY From the differences in radiation profiles between 131I and 125I isotopes of iodine it would be expected that they would show different effects on thyroid function. The differences should lead to lower rates of thyroid gland destruction with 125I and hence less post-irradiation hypothyroidism. This difference in biological effect has been demonstrated in rats by indirect assessment of thyroid function. In this report the long-term effects of a range of similar doses of 131I and 125I were compared, in male and female rats, by direct assessment of thyroid function. Seventeen months after receiving 25 and 125 μCi of 131I, male and female rats showed significant elevation of serum TSH concentration and a reduction in 3 h radioiodine uptake. Rats receiving 1 and 5 μCi of 131I and all doses of 125I showed no significant changes in thyroid function. These findings confirm the previously reported differences in effect between the 131I and 125I isotopes of iodine in the rat.

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Effect of long-term undernutrition on male and female rat diaphragm contractility, fatigue, and fiber types

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1994.76.4.1540 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 1540-1547 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

D. J. Prezant ◽

B. Richner ◽

T. K. Aldrich ◽

D. E. Valentine ◽

E. I. Gentry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Gain ◽

Fatigue Resistance ◽

Female Rats ◽

Fiber Types ◽

Female Rat ◽

Male And Female ◽

Male And Female Rats ◽

Males And Females ◽

Diaphragm Atrophy

The effects of long-term undernutrition (10 wk) on diaphragm contractility, fatigue, and fiber type proportions were studied in male and female rats. Contractility and fatigue resistance indexes were measured in an in vitro diaphragm costal strip preparation by using direct stimulation at 37 degrees C. Undernutrition allowed for continued growth in males and females but with substantial reductions in weight gain. Relative to control rats of the same sex, final weights were significantly lower in undernourished males (74 +/- 3%) than females (90 +/- 5%), but weight gain was not significantly different between undernourished males (58 +/- 5%) and females (60 +/- 3%). Only in males did undernutrition significantly reduce costal diaphragm weight (to 77 +/- 5% of control). Diaphragm forces, normalized for cross-sectional area, were not significantly different from male or female control values. Fatigue resistance indexes (fatigue/baseline force) were increased at all stimulation frequencies in undernourished males but not in undernourished females. Costal diaphragm atrophy, involving types I and II fibers, occurred in undernourished males but not in undernourished females. In conclusion, despite long-term undernutrition reducing weight gain to similar levels in males and females (relative to control), there was excellent preservation of diaphragm weight, function, and structure in females but, although diaphragm atrophy occurred, there was preserved contractility and increased fatigue resistance in males.

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