scholarly journals Evaluation of Some Male and Female Rats’ Reproductive Hormones Following Administration of Aspartame With or Without Vitamin C or E

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Omar H Azeez
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Aspartame (ASP) is a sugar substitute. Its use rose because it has been demonstrated to have deleterious effects after being metabolized. In the presence of antioxidant vitamins C or E, the effects of ASP on reproductive hormones of adult male and female Albino Wister rats were investigated. A total of eighty male and female rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into four groups: group 1, received no treatment; group 2, received ASP at 40 mg/kg BW; group 3, received ASP at 40 mg/kg BW with vitamin C at 150 mg/kg BW; and group 4, received ASP at 40 mg/kg BW and vitamin E at 100 mg/kg BW. All treatments were given orally by gavage needle once daily for consecutive 90 days. The levels of estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone hormone (TH) were measured after 90 days in blood plasma. In comparison with the control group, ASP treatment resulted in lower levels of E2, FSH, and LH in male and female rats. When the antioxidants vitamin C or E was given, the effects of ASP were reversed, and the levels of E2, LH, and FSH were increased. The testosterone hormone was likewise significantly increased by ASP, but testosterone hormone concentrations were decreased by vitamin C or E treatments. Long-term ASP consumption caused interfering with testicular and ovarian hormonal activity, while vitamins C and E on the other hand, overcome longstanding consumption ASP's effects.

scholarly journals Effects of Tocotrienol and Lovastatin Combination on Osteoblast and Osteoclast Activity in Estrogen-Deficient Osteoporosis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saif Abdul-Majeed ◽  
Norazlina Mohamed ◽  
Ima-Nirwana Soelaiman
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hmgcoa Reductase ◽  
Reductase Inhibitors ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Statins are HMGCoA reductase inhibitors and had been demonstrated to stimulate bone formation in rodents after high oral doses. Observational studies on patients treated with oral statins were varied. Delta-tocotrienol had been found to stimulate the cleavage of HMGCoA reductase and inhibit its activity. Tocotrienols were found to have both catabolic and anabolic effects on bone in different animal models of osteoporosis. The current study aimed to ascertain the effects of delta–tocotrienol and lovastatin combination on biochemical and static bone histomorphometric parameters in a postmenopausal rat model at clinically tolerable doses. 48 Sprague Dawley female rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: (1) baseline control group; (2) sham-operated control group; (3) ovariectomised control group; (4) ovariectomised and 11 mg/kg lovastatin; (5) ovariectomised and 60 mg/kg delta-tocotrienol; (6) ovariectomised and 60 mg/kg delta-tocotrienol + 11 mg/kg lovastatin. These treatments were given daily via oral gavage for 8 weeks. Delta-tocotrienol plus lovastatin treatment significantly increased bone formation and reduced bone resorption compared to the other groups. Therefore, the combined treatment may have synergistic or additive effects and have the potential to be used as an antiosteoporotic agent in patients who are at risk of both osteoporosis and hypercholesterolemia, especially in postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) vapor exposure produces conditioned rewarding effects in male and female rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Frances Moore ◽  
Catherine M Davis ◽  
Elise M Weerts
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Place Preference ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Place Conditioning ◽  
Exposure Condition ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Vaping of cannabis and cannabis extracts containing Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, the primary psychoactive constituent of cannabis) is on the rise. Development of animal models using vapor exposure is important for increasing our understanding of the rewarding and aversive effects of vaped cannabinoids. Currently there are limited data on the conditioned rewarding effects of THC vapor in rats, and no studies to date examining sex differences. Methods: Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats (N=96; 12 per sex/group) underwent place conditioning after exposure to vaporized THC or vehicle (propylene glycol, PG). THC vapor-conditioned rats received one of three THC vapor exposure amounts (THC Group 1: 5 puffs of 100 mg/ml THC, THC Group 2: 5 puffs of 200 mg/ml THC, or THC Group 3: 10 puffs of 200 mg/ml THC) and matched vehicle vapor (PG) exposure and on alternate days for two sets of 8 daily sessions (16 days total). Vehicle-conditioned rats (Veh Group 0) received only PG vapor exposure each day. Rats were passively administered vapor for 30-min immediately before daily, 30-min conditioning sessions. Untreated rats completed place preference tests after the 8th and 16th conditioning sessions and then testing continued daily until extinction occurred. Following extinction, rats underwent a THC vapor-primed reinstatement session. Results: Male and female rats showed an exposure-dependent preference for the THC vapor-paired chamber, though sex differences were observed. The lowest THC vapor exposure group tested (THC Group 1) did not produce CPP in males or females. Exposure to the middle condition tested (THC Group 2) resulted in preference for the THC vapor-paired chamber in males, but not females. The highest THC vapor exposure condition tested (THC Group 3) produced place preference in both males and females. Preference for the THC-paired chamber extinguished more quickly in males than in females. Following extinction, THC vapor re-exposure (i.e., drug-prime) did not result in reinstatement of place preference for either sex. Conclusion: This study demonstrated conditioned rewarding effects of THC vapor in both male and female rats, and provides evidence for sex differences in doses of THC vapor that produce CPP and in time to extinction. Conditioned place aversion was not observed at any of the THC vapor exposure amounts tested. These data provide a foundation for future exploration of the conditioned rewarding effects vaporized THC, cannabis and its constituents in preclinical models.

The pathomorphology of the renal cortex depending of arterial hypertension duration course

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.V. Slesareva ◽  
R.V. Ureneva ◽  
S.M. Slesarev ◽  
O.V. Lyapeykova
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Blood Pressure Level ◽  
Juxtaglomerular Apparatus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Autopsy Material ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

The kidneys autopsy material of persons with arterial hypertension in different duration was examined. Morphometry of the renal corpuscle area and cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons vascular glomeruli was performed. There were 4 groups - a control group (with a normal blood pressure level), and groups with arterial hypertension - the initial stage (group 2), arterial hypertension for 5-10 years (group 3), long-term arterial hypertension - more than 10 years (group 4). It was found that cortical nephrons are distinguished by earlier and more pronounced hyperplasia of the vascular glomerulus, they are more rapidly exposed to sclerosis, which appears in the 5-10th year of the course of the disease. The hyperplasia of the vascular glomerulus components is progressively increasing in juxtaglomerular nephrons, they are less susceptible to sclerosis processes. Key words: arterial hypertension, juxtaglomerular apparatus, juxtamedullary nephrons, vascular glomerulus.

Investigations into the mechanism of hormone release by rat steroid-producing cells

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 580-581
Author(s):  
G. G. Nussdorfer ◽  
G. Neri ◽  
C. Robba ◽  
G. Mazzocchi ◽  
M. Bortolussi
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Intracellular Storage ◽  
The Right

Biochemical evidence suggests that an exocytotic mechanism underlies hormone release in steroid producing cells. However, the demonstration of secretory granules has been so far elusive, probably owing to the fact that in steroid-producing cells there is little or no appreciable intracellular storage of hormonal products. Since numerous reports indicate that microtubules play a permissive role in exocytotic mechanisms, we devised to investigate the effects of vinblastine (an antimicrotubular agent) on rat lutein and adrenocortical cells.Fifteen adult male rats were divided into 3 experimental groups. Group 1 served as a control; group 2 was given an ip. injection of 25mg/kg of vinblastine (Velban, Lilly) 2 hours before sacrifice; group 3 was treated as group 2, but in addition received an ip. injection of 20IU/kg of ACTH 1 hour before sacrifice. An analogous experiment was performed using fifteen pseudogravid prepubertal rats, except that group 3 received 250 IU of HCG 1 hour before sacrifice. The corticosterone and progesterone concentrations in male and female rats, respectively, were determined by radioimmunological methods, in both the peripheral plasma and the homogenates of the right adrenal or ovary.

scholarly journals Effects of Lipoic Acid Supplementation on Activities of Cyclooxygenases and Levels of Prostaglandins E2and F2αMetabolites, in the Offspring of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisham Y. Al-Matubsi ◽  
Ghaleb A. Oriquat ◽  
Mahmoud Abu-Samak ◽  
Othman A. Al Hanbali ◽  
Maher D. Salim
Keyword(s):  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Fetal Outcome ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Background.Our aim was to evaluate the protective effect of lipoic acid (LA) on fetal outcome of diabetic mothers.Methods.Diabetes was induced in female rats using streptozotocin and rats were made pregnant. Pregnant control (group 1;n=9; and group 2;n=7) or pregnant diabetic (group 3;n=10; and group 4;n=8) rats were treated daily with either LA (groups 2 and 4) or vehicle (groups 1 and 3) between gestational days 0 and 15. On day 15 of gestation, the fetuses, placentas, and membranes were dissected, examined morphologically, and then homogenized, to measure cyclooxygenase (COX) activities and metabolisms of prostaglandin (PG) E2(PGEM) and PGF2α(PGFM) levels. The level of total glutathione was measured in the maternal liver and plasma and in all fetuses.Results.Supplementation of diabetic rats with LA was found to significantly (p<0.05) reduce resorption rates in diabetic rats and led to a significant (p<0.05) increase in liver, plasma, and fetuses total glutathione from LA-TD rats as compared to those from V-TD. Decreased levels of PGEM and elevated levels of PGFM in the fetuses, placentas, and membranes were characteristic of experimental diabetic gestation associated with malformation. The levels of PGEM in malformed fetuses from LA-TD mothers was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in malformed fetuses from V-TD rats.Conclusions.LA treatment did not completely prevent the occurrence of malformations. Thus, other factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of the diabetes-induced congenital malformations.

scholarly journals Effect of potassium nitrate plus vitamin C in feed of rabbits on the some biochemical parameters

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-139
Author(s):  
Saad Thabit Jassim Alrawi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daily Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
C 50 ◽  
Group 1

     This study is conducted at investigating the effect of potassium nitrate and vitamin C in feed of the rabbits on the some biochemical parameters. Twenty eight adult New-Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into four groups (7 rabbits each), they were fed potassium nitrate and vitamin C for 16 weeks as follow: Group 1 (G1) fed potassium nitrate (168 mg/ kg B.W./ daily), group 2 (G2) fed potassium nitrate (168 mg/ kg B.W./ daily) and vitamin C (50 mg/ kg B.W./ daily), group 3 (G3) fed potassium nitrate (168 mg/ kg B.W./ daily)  and vitamin C (100 mg/ kg B.W./ daily) and group 4 (G4) fed basal ration as control group. Blood were collected from heart at zero, eight, twelve and sixteen weeks. The results showed a significant increase (P<0.05) in cholesterol, triglyceride and blood nitrogen urea in the group that had fed potassium nitrate G1 compared with G4, whereas the groups that were fed vitamin C with potassium nitrate showed a mild decrease compared with group potassium nitrate that had been fed potassium nitrate alone (G1). In conclusion, the feeding rabbits with potassium nitrate caused an increase in cholesterol, triglyceride and blood urea concentration in the serum, whereas the vitamin C ameliorates this effect.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effect of Leptin on Liver Damage in Case of Hepatic Injury Associated with Paracetamol Poisoning

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Polat ◽  
Serkan Cerrah ◽  
Bulent Albayrak ◽  
Serkan Ipek ◽  
Mahmut Arabul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Damage ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Paracetamol Poisoning ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

Background Aim. In case of high-dose acetaminophen intake, the active metabolite can not bind to the glutathione, thereby inducing cellular necrosis through binding to the cytosol proteins. This trial was performed to histologically and biochemically investigate whether leptin was protective against liver damage induced by paracetamol at toxic doses.Material and Method. In our trial, 30 female rats, divided into 5 groups, were used. IP leptin administration was performed after an hour in the group of rats, in which paracetamol poisoning was induced. The groups were as follows: Group 1: the control group, Group 2: 20 µg/kg leptin, Group 3: 2 g/kg paracetamol, Group 4: 2 g/kg paracetamol + 10 µg/kg leptin, and Group 5: 2 g/kg paracetamol + 20 µg/kg leptin.Results. The most significant increase was observed in the PARA 2 g/kg group, while the best improvement among the treatment groups occurred in the PARA 2 g/kg + LEP 10 µg/kg group (p< 0.05). While the most significant glutathione (GSH) reduction was observed in the PARA 2 g/kg group, the best improvement was in the PARA 2 g/kg + LEP 10 µg/kg group (p< 0.05).Conclusion. Liver damage occurring upon paracetamol poisoning manifests with hepatocyte breakdown occurring as a result of inflammation and oxidative stress. Leptin can prevent this damage thanks to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory efficacy.

Morphological Changes in the Rat Granulosa Cell Surface During Differentiation Induced by Estradiol and Gonadotropins

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 484-485
Author(s):  
P. Bagavandoss ◽  
JoAnne S. Richards ◽  
A. Rees Midgley
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Granulosa Cell ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2

During follicular development in the mammalian ovary, several functional changes occur in the granulosa cells in response to steroid hormones and gonadotropins (1,2). In particular, marked changes in the content of membrane-associated receptors for the gonadotropins have been observed (1).We report here scanning electron microscope observations of morphological changes that occur on the granulosa cell surface in response to the administration of estradiol, human follicle stimulating hormone (hFSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).Immature female rats that were hypophysectcmized on day 24 of age were treated in the following manner. Group 1: control groups were injected once a day with 0.1 ml phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for 3 days; group 2: estradiol (1.5 mg/0.2 ml propylene glycol) once a day for 3 days; group 3: estradiol for 3 days followed by 2 days of hFSH (1 μg/0.1 ml) twice daily, group 4: same as in group 3; group 5: same as in group 3 with a final injection of hCG (5 IU/0.1 ml) on the fifth day.

Different effect of l-NAME treatment on susceptibility to decompression sickness in male and female rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1280-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Mazur ◽  
Peter Buzzacott ◽  
Kate Lambrechts ◽  
Qiong Wang ◽  
Marc Belhomme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decompression Sickness ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
No Production ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Expression Activity ◽  
No Bioavailability

Vascular bubble formation results from supersaturation during inadequate decompression contributes to endothelial injuries, which form the basis for the development of decompression sickness (DCS). Risk factors for DCS include increased age, weight–fat mass, decreased maximal oxygen uptake, chronic diseases, dehydration, and nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Production of NO is often affected by diving and its expression–activity varies between the genders. Little is known about the influence of sex on the risk of DCS. To study this relationship we used an animal model of Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) to induce decreased NO production. Male and female rats with diverse ages and weights were divided into 2 groups: treated with l-NAME (in tap water; 0.05 mg·mL–1 for 7 days) and a control group. To control the distribution of nitrogen among tissues, 2 different compression–decompression protocols were used. Results showed that l-NAME was significantly associated with increased DCS in female rats (p = 0.039) only. Weight was significant for both sexes (p = 0.01). The protocol with the highest estimated tissue pressures in the slower compartments was 2.6 times more likely to produce DCS than the protocol with the highest estimated tissue pressures in faster compartments. The outcome of this study had significantly different susceptibility to DCS after l-NAME treatment between the sexes, while l-NAME per se had no effect on the likelihood of DCS. The analysis also showed that for the appearance of DCS, the most significant factors were type of protocol and weight.

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