Methimazole Treatment and Risk of Acute Pancreatitis: A Population-based Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (12) ◽  
pp. e4527-e4530
Author(s):  
Alessandro Pecere ◽  
Marina Caputo ◽  
Andrea Sarro ◽  
Andrealuna Ucciero ◽  
Angelica Zibetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hospital Discharge Records ◽  
Adjusted Rate ◽  
Administrative Health Databases ◽  
Rate Ratios

Abstract Context A warning has been recently issued by the European Medicine Agency (EMA) regarding a potential increased risk of acute pancreatitis (AP) in methimazole (MMI) users. Objective To investigate the association between MMI and the diagnosis of AP in a population-based study. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of administrative health databases was conducted (2013–2018). Relevant data were obtained from: (1) inhabitants registry, (2) hospital discharge records (ICD-9-CM 577.0), and (3) drug claims registry (ATC H03BB02). We evaluated AP risk in MMI users in 18 months of treatment, stratifying results by trimester. Poisson regression was used to estimate the age- and sex-adjusted rate ratios (RR), and the relative 95% confidence intervals (CI), comparing rates of AP between MMI users and nonusers. The absolute risk of AP in MMI users was also calculated. Results A total of 23 087 new users of MMI were identified. Among them, 61 hospitalizations occurred during the study period. An increase in AP risk was evident during the first 3 trimesters of therapy (RR 3.40 [95% CI: 2.12–5.48]; RR 2.40 [95% CI: 1.36–4.23]; RR 2.80 [95% CI: 1.66–4.73]), but disappeared thereafter. The AP absolute risk in MMI users during the first 18 months of treatment was less than 0.4% in all sex and age classes. Conclusions Our results support the EMA warning, suggesting an increased risk of AP associated with MMI use. However, such an increase seems limited to the first months of MMI treatment. Moreover, in absolute terms, the probability of AP is low among patients, well below 1%.

scholarly journals Risk of Synchronous and Metachronous Colorectal Cancer: Population-Based Estimates in Denmark with Focus on Non-Hereditary Cases Diagnosed After Age 50

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Lindberg ◽  
S. Ladelund ◽  
I. Bernstein ◽  
C. Therkildsen ◽  
M. Nilbert
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Synchronous Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Metachronous Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Rate Ratios

Background and Aims: The risk of synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancer is influenced by heritable and environmental factors. As a basis for comparative studies, we provide population-based estimates of synchronous and metachronous colorectal cancer with a focus on non-heritable cases. Material and Methods: Based on data from national Danish cancer registers, we estimated the proportion of synchronous colorectal cancer and the incidence rates and risks for metachronous colorectal cancer in 28,504 individuals, who developed 577 metachronous colorectal cancer above age 50. Results: Synchronous colorectal cancer was diagnosed in 1.3% of the cases. The risk of metachronous colorectal cancer was associated with sex, tumor location, and age with the strongest influence from the latter. The incidence rate ratios for metachronous colorectal cancer ranged from above 6 in patients below age 65 to <1–3.2 in patients above age 65. The absolute risk of metachronous colorectal cancer was ⩾10% in patients below age 65 and 1.0%–8.0% in patients above age 65. Conclusion: Individuals who develop sporadic, non-inherited colorectal cancer above age 50 are at a significantly increased risk of metachronous colorectal cancer with risk estimates that are strongly affected by age. This observation underscores the need for development of targeted surveillance in the most common clinical subset of colorectal cancer.

Low-dose aspirin and risk of intracranial bleeds

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (22) ◽  
pp. 2280-2287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Cea Soriano ◽  
David Gaist ◽  
Montse Soriano-Gabarró ◽  
Susan Bromley ◽  
Luis A. García Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Low Dose ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Population Based ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Dose Aspirin ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Dose Aspirin ◽  
Adjusted Rate ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Incident Cases

Objective:To quantify the risk of intracranial bleeds (ICBs) associated with new use of prophylactic low-dose aspirin using a population-based primary care database in the United Kingdom.Methods:A cohort of new users of low-dose aspirin (75–300 mg; n = 199,079) aged 40–84 years and a 1:1 matched cohort of nonusers of low-dose aspirin at baseline were followed (maximum 14 years, median 5.4 years) to identify incident cases of ICB, with validation by manual review of patient records or linkage to hospitalization data. Using 10,000 frequency-matched controls, adjusted rate ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for current low-dose aspirin use (0–7 days before the index date [ICB date for cases, random date for controls]); reference group was never used.Results:There were 1,611 cases of ICB (n = 743 for intracerebral hemorrhage [ICH], n = 483 for subdural hematoma [SDH], and n = 385 for subarachnoid hemorrhage [SAH]). RRs (95% CI) were 0.98 (0.84–1.13) for all ICB, 0.98 (0.80–1.20) for ICH, 1.23 (0.95–1.59) for SDH, and 0.77 (0.58–1.01) for SAH. No duration of use or dose–response association was apparent. RRs (95% CI) for ≥1 year of low-dose aspirin use were 0.90 (0.72–1.13) for ICH, 1.20 (0.91–1.57) for SDH, and 0.69 (0.50–0.94) for SAH.Conclusion:Low-dose aspirin is not associated with an increased risk of any type of ICB and is associated with a significantly decreased risk of SAH when used for ≥1 year.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis and the risk of infection with other intracellular bacteria: a population-based study

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. HUAMAN ◽  
C. T. FISKE ◽  
T. F. JONES ◽  
J. WARKENTIN ◽  
B. E. SHEPHERD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Macrophage Activation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Intracellular Bacteria ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Immune Defects

SUMMARYPersons who develop tuberculosis (TB) may have subtle immune defects that could predispose to other intracellular bacterial infections (ICBIs). We obtained data on TB and five ICBIs (Chlamydia trachomatis, Salmonellaspp.,Shigellaspp.,Yersiniaspp.,Listeria monocytogenes) reported to the Tennessee Department of Health, USA, 2000–2011. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) comparing ICBIs in persons who developed TB and ICBIs in the Tennessee population, adjusted for age, sex, race and ethnicity were estimated. IRRs were not significantly elevated for all ICBIs combined [IRR 0·87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·71–1·06].C. trachomatisrate was lowest in the year post-TB diagnosis (IRR 0·17, 95% CI 0·04–0·70). MoreSalmonellainfections occurred in extrapulmonary TB compared to pulmonary TB patients (IRR 14·3, 95% CI 1·67–122); however, this appeared to be related to HIV co-infection. TB was not associated with an increased risk of other ICBIs. In fact, fewerC. trachomatisinfections occurred after recent TB diagnosis. Reasons for this association, including reduced exposure, protection conferred by anti-TB drugs or macrophage activation byMycobacterium tuberculosisinfection warrant further investigation.

Have patients with oesophagitis got an increased risk of adenocarcinoma? Results from a population-based study

Endoscopy ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Murphy ◽  
LA Anderson ◽  
BT Johnston ◽  
DA Fitzpatrick ◽  
RGP Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Dietary and lifestyle inflammatory scores are associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Farhadnejad ◽  
Karim Parastouei ◽  
Hosein Rostami ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Adjusted Model ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

Abstract Background In the current study, we aimed to investigate the association of dietary inflammation scores (DIS) and lifestyle inflammation scores (LIS) with the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a prospective population-based study. Methods A total of 1625 participants without MetS were recruited from among participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study(2006–2008) and followed a mean of 6.1 years. Dietary data of subjects were collected using a food frequency questionnaire at baseline to determine LIS and DIS. Multivariable logistic regression models, were used to calculate the odds ratio (ORs) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) of MetS across tertiles of DIS and LIS. Results Mean ± SD age of individuals (45.8 % men) was 37.5 ± 13.4 years. Median (25–75 interquartile range) DIS and LIS for all participants was 0.80 (− 2.94, 3.64) and 0.48 (− 0.18, − 0.89), respectively. During the study follow-up, 291 (17.9 %) new cases of MetS were identified. Based on the age and sex-adjusted model, a positive association was found between LIS (OR = 7.56; 95% CI 5.10–11.22, P for trend < 0.001) and risk of MetS, however, the association of DIS and risk of MetS development was not statistically significant (OR = 1.30;95% CI 0.93–1.80, P for trend = 0.127). In the multivariable model, after adjustment for confounding variables, including age, sex, body mass index, physical activity, smoking, and energy intake, the risk of MetS is increased across tertiles of DIS (OR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.09–2.33, P for trend = 0.015) and LIS(OR = 8.38; 95% CI 5.51–12.7, P for trend < 0.001). Conclusions The findings of the current study showed that greater adherence to LIS and DIS, determined to indicate the inflammatory potential of diet and lifestyle, are associated with increased the risk of MetS.

Increased Risk of Injury Following a Diagnosis of Vertigo: A Population‐based Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzong‐Hann Yang ◽  
Sudha Xirasagar ◽  
Yen‐Fu Cheng ◽  
Chia‐Hui Wang ◽  
Herng‐Ching Lin
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Increased Risk

scholarly journals Trends in oral corticosteroids use in severe asthma: a 14-year population-based study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Sadatsafavi ◽  
Amir Khakban ◽  
Hamid Tavakoli ◽  
Solmaz Ehteshami-Afshar ◽  
Larry D. Lynd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Asthma ◽  
Poisson Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Oral Corticosteroids ◽  
Administrative Health Databases ◽  
Time Since Diagnosis

Abstract Background Oral corticosteroids are important components of pharmacotherapy in severe asthma. Our objective was to describe the extent, trends, and factors associated with exposure to oral corticosteroids (OCS) in a severe asthma cohort. Methods We used administrative health databases of British Columbia, Canada (2000–2014) and validated algorithms to retrospectively create a cohort of severe asthma patients. Exposure to OCS within each year of follow-up was measured in two ways: maintenance use as receiving on average ≥ 2.5 mg/day (prednisone-equivalent) OCS, and episodic use as the number of distinct episodes of OCS exposure for up to 14 days. Trends and factors associated with exposure on three time axes (calendar year, age, and time since diagnosis) were evaluated using Poisson regression. Results 21,144 patients (55.4% female; mean entry age 28.7) contributed 40,803 follow-up years, in 8.2% of which OCS was used as maintenance therapy. Maintenance OCS use declined by 3.8%/calendar year (p < 0.001). The average number of episodes of OCS use was 0.89/year, which increased by 1.1%/calendar year (p < 0.001). Trends remained significant for both exposure types in adjusted analyses. Both maintenance and episodic use increased by age and time since diagnosis. Conclusions This population-based study documented a secular downward trend in maintenance OCS use in a period before widespread use of biologics. This might have been responsible for a higher rate of exacerbations that required episodic OCS therapy. Such trends in OCS use might be due to changes in the epidemiology of severe asthma, or changes in patient and provider preferences over time.

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