scholarly journals Diurnal Variation in Rat Liver Thyroid Hormone Receptor (TR)-α Messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) Is Dependent on the Biological Clock in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, whereas Diurnal Variation of TRβ1 mRNA Is Modified by Food Intake

Endocrinology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 145 (3) ◽  
pp. 1284-1289 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Zandieh Doulabi ◽  
M. Platvoet-Ter Schiphorst ◽  
A. Kalsbeek ◽  
E. Fliers ◽  
O. Bakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Diurnal Changes

Abstract Previous studies have shown a diurnal variation of certain isoforms of thyroid hormone receptors (TR) in rat liver. The genesis of these diurnal changes is still unknown. To clarify whether the biological clock, located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), is involved, we made selective SCN lesions. Rats with an SCN lesion lost their circadian rhythm of plasma corticosterone and TSH when compared with intact animals. TRα1 and TRα2 mRNA expression of control rats was higher in the light period than in the dark period; changes that were abolished in the rats with SCN lesions. In contrast, liver TRβ1 mRNA of intact rats showed a diurnal variation that failed to reach statistical significance. To evaluate whether these effects could be explained indirectly by the disappearance of rhythmic feeding behavior in rats with SCN lesions, we performed a second experiment in which otherwise intact animals were subjected to a regular feeding (RF) schedule, with one meal every 4 h. When compared with rats with free access to food, RF only affected TRβ1 mRNA expression and had no effect on the diurnal changes in TRα1 and TRα2. We conclude that liver TRβ1 expression is most clearly affected by food intake. Diurnal changes in liver TRα1 and TRα2 are controlled by the biological clock in the SCN but not via changes in the daily rhythm of food intake. The findings may have physiological relevance for diurnal variation of T3-dependent gene expression, which is supported by a diurnal variation in the expression of the 5′-deiodinase gene.

scholarly journals Zonal expression of the thyroid hormone receptor alpha isoforms in rodent liver

2003 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Zandieh-Doulabi ◽  
E Dop ◽  
M Schneiders ◽  
MP Schiphorst ◽  
A Mansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Antibody Specificity ◽  
Zonal Distribution ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Knockout Animals

Many metabolic processes occur simultaneously in the liver in different locations along the porto-central axis of the liver units. These processes are often regulated by hormones, one of which is thyroid hormone which for its action depends on the presence of the different isoforms of the thyroid hormone receptor (TR). These are encoded by two genes: c-erbA-alpha encoding TRalpha1 and TRalpha2 and their respective Delta isoforms, and c-erbA-beta which encodes TRbeta1, TRbeta2 and TRbeta3. We recently found a zonal (pericentral) expression of and a diurnal variation in the TRbeta1 isoform in rat liver. We were therefore also interested to see whether TRalpha1 and TRalpha2 expression showed similar characteristics. For this reason we raised both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against TRalpha1 and TRalpha2 isoforms and characterised these. Antibody specificity was tested using Western blots and immunohistochemistry in liver of TR isoform-specific knockout animals. Using these antibodies we found that the TRalpha1 and TRalpha2 isoforms are zonally expressed around the central vein in rat liver. The experiments show that the portal to central gradient of TRalpha1 is broader than that of TRbeta1. Moreover, the expression of the TRalpha2 protein showed a diurnal variation with a peak in the afternoon when the animals are least active whereas no such variation was found for the TRalpha1 protein.From our data it appears that both the TRalpha1 and TRalpha2 isoforms show a zonal distribution in liver. This finding, together with the observed diurnal rhythm, has major implications for interpreting and timing experiments concerning the TR and its downstream actions in liver.

Association of the thyroid hormone receptor with rat liver chromatin

Biochemistry ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 6781-6789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald B. Jump ◽  
Steven Seelig ◽  
Harold L. Schwartz ◽  
Jack H. Oppenheimer
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Liver Chromatin

scholarly journals Short-term effects of triiodothyronine on thyroid hormone receptor alpha by PI3K pathway in adipocytes, 3T3-L1

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 833-837 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriane de Oliveira ◽  
Regiane Marques Castro Olimpio ◽  
Maria Teresa De Sibio ◽  
Fernanda Cristina Fontes Moretto ◽  
Renata de Azevedo Mello Luvizotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Pi3k Pathway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pi3k Signaling ◽  
Pi3k Inhibitor Ly294002 ◽  
Receptor Alpha ◽  
Pi3k Signaling Pathway

Objective The present study aimed to examine the effects of thyroid hormone (TH), more precisely triiodothyronine (T3), on the modulation of TH receptor alpha (TRα) mRNA expression and the involvement of the phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway in adipocytes, 3T3-L1, cell culture. Materials and methods: It was examined the involvement of PI3K pathway in mediating T3 effects by treating 3T3-L1 adipocytes with physiological (P=10nM) or supraphysiological (SI =100 nM) T3 doses during one hour (short time), in the absence or the presence of PI3K inhibitor (LY294002). The absence of any treatment was considered the control group (C). RT-qPCR was used for mRNA expression analyzes. For data analyzes ANOVA complemented with Tukey’s test was used at 5% significance level. Results T3 increased TRα mRNA expression in P (1.91±0.13, p<0.001), SI (2.14±0.44, p<0.001) compared to C group (1±0.08). This increase was completely abrogated by LY294002 in P (0.53±0.03, p<0.001) and SI (0.31±0.03, p<0.001). To examine whether TRα is directly induced by T3, we used the translation inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX). The presence of CHX completely abrogated levels TRα mRNA in P (1.15±0.05, p>0.001) and SI (0.99±0.15, p>0.001), induced by T3. Conclusion These results demonstrate that the activation of the PI3K signaling pathway has a role in T3-mediated indirect TRα gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Cafeteria feeding induces interleukin-1β mRNA expression in rat liver and brain

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (6) ◽  
pp. R1734-R1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Hansen ◽  
Ping Taishi ◽  
Zutang Chen ◽  
James M. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Cafeteria Diet ◽  
Interleukin 1Β ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Normal Rat

Food intake affects gut-immune function and can provide a strong intestinal antigen challenge resulting in activation of host defense mechanisms in the digestive system. Previously, we showed that feeding rats a cafeteria diet increases non-rapid eye movement sleep by a subdiaphragmatic mechanism. Food intake and sleep regulation and the immune system share the regulatory molecule interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Thus this study examined the effects of a cafeteria diet on IL-1β mRNA and IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAP) mRNA expression in rat liver and brain. Rats were fed normal rat chow or a palatable diet consisting of bread, chocolate, and shortbread cookies (cafeteria diet). After 3 days, midway between the light period of the light-dark cycle, rats were killed by decapitation. Feeding rats a cafeteria diet resulted in increased IL-1β mRNA expression in the liver and hypothalamus compared with rats fed only the normal rat chow. In addition, cafeteria feeding decreased IL-1RAP mRNA levels in the liver and brain stem. These results indicate that feeding has direct effects on cytokine production and together with other data suggest that the increased sleep that accompanies increased feeding may be the result of increased brain IL-1β. These results further suggest that cytokine-to-brain communication may be important in normal physiological conditions, such as feeding, as well as being important during inflammatory responses.

scholarly journals Prolonged food deprivation increases mRNA expression of deiodinase 1 and 2, and thyroid hormone receptor  -1 in a fasting-adapted mammal

2013 ◽  
Vol 216 (24) ◽  
pp. 4647-4654 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Martinez ◽  
J. G. Sonanez-Organis ◽  
J. P. Vazquez-Medina ◽  
J. A. Viscarra ◽  
D. S. MacKenzie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor

scholarly journals Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Is Essential for the Physiological Regulation of Food Intake and Body Weight

Cell Reports ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 2202-2209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saira Hameed ◽  
Michael Patterson ◽  
Waljit S. Dhillo ◽  
Sofia A. Rahman ◽  
Yue Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Ventromedial Hypothalamus ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Receptor Beta

Stabilization, accurate determination, and purification of rat liver nuclear thyroid hormone receptor

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ichikawa ◽  
J. Brtko ◽  
L. J. DeGroot ◽  
K. Hashizume ◽  
T. Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Hormone Receptor ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Receptor ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Nuclear Extract ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Accurate Estimation

ABSTRACT Rat liver nuclear thyroid hormone receptor lost 3,5,3′-tri-iodo-l-thyronine (T3)-binding activity with a half-life of 14 days, 4 h, 139 min, 62 min, 16 min or 6 min at 0, 36, 38, 40, 43 or 45 °C respectively, when present in crude nuclear extracts. Glycerol increased the half-life of the receptor during heat inactivation. Protection was reversible by removing the glycerol. The receptor was unstable at a pH below 6·0 or above 10·0. We also found a loss of the receptor activity during the separation of bound and free hormone using the resin test. Of several conditions tested for the separation of bound and free hormone, the addition of heated nuclear extract gave the most accurate estimation of bound hormone when using the resin test. Using these characteristics of the receptor, we purified the receptor to 1220 pmol T3-binding capacity/mg protein with a final yield of 14·6 μg/4 kg rat liver. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 120, 237–243

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