scholarly journals The Beneficial Effects of Brown Fat Transplantation: Further Evidence of an Endocrine Role of Brown Adipose Tissue

Endocrinology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (7) ◽  
pp. 2368-2370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc Villarroya ◽  
Marta Giralt
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Fat Transplantation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Brown Adipose

Evidence for the Mediatory Role of Brown Adipose Tissue During Nonshivering Thermogenesis in the Cold-Acclimated Mouse

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Hayward ◽  
P. F. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Interscapular Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

The increased rate of oxygen consumption by cold-acclimated, adult mice after subcutaneous injection of noradrenaline has been measured for intact individuals and for those with the arterial supply to their interscapular brown adipose tissue ligated. An immediate reduction of 40% of this calorigenic response was noted in mice thus operated. Dissection of the total brown fat of the body indicated that the interscapular deposits comprise 43% by weight of the total brown adipose tissue, which in turn forms only 1% of the body weight. Since a 40% reduction in calorigenic response to noradrenaline cannot be ascribed to the loss of an amount of brown fat constituting less than 0.5%) of the body weight, the results support the hypothesis that brown fat can mediate calorigenic responses of other tissues.

scholarly journals Brown fat is essential for cold-induced thermogenesis but not for obesity resistance in aP2-Ucp mice

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (3) ◽  
pp. E527-E533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohumír Stefl ◽  
Alena Janovská ◽  
Zdenek Hodný ◽  
Martin Rossmeisl ◽  
Milada Horáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Total Energy Balance

The role of brown adipose tissue in total energy balance and cold-induced thermogenesis was studied. Mice expressing mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) from the fat-specific aP2 gene promoter (heterozygous and homozygous aP2 -Ucp transgenic mice) and their nontransgenic C57BL6/J littermates were used. The transgenic animals are resistant to obesity induced by a high-fat diet, presumably due to ectopic synthesis of UCP-1 in white fat. These animals exhibited atrophy of brown adipose tissue, as indicated by smaller size of brown fat and reduction of its total UCP-1 and DNA contents. Norepinephrine-induced respiration (measured in pentobarbital sodium-anesthetized animals) was decreased proportionally to the dosage of the transgene, and the homozygous (but not heterozygous) transgenic mice exhibited a reduction in their capacity to maintain body temperature in the cold. Our results indicate that the role of brown fat in cold-induced thermogenesis cannot be substituted by increased energy expenditure in other tissues.

Abstract P496: Exosomes From Brown Adipose Tissue Contain Cardiac Gene-regulatory Elements

2021 ◽  
Vol 129 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikram Shettigar ◽  
Sarah Sturgill ◽  
Benjamin Hu ◽  
Lisa Baer ◽  
Carmem Peres Valgas Da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Bat Activity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Cardiac Gene

Exosomes, extracellular vesicles <150 nm, are vehicles for transporting information (i.e., cargo) allowing tissue to tissue communication. Depending on the cargo, exosomes can have beneficial or detrimental effects. Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) is a thermogenic organ that modulates metabolism. BAT is also an endocrine organ affecting function of various distant tissue. We have recently shown that BAT is an important modulator of the healthy and diseased heart. Adipose tissue is a large source of circulating exosomes, but the effects of BAT and changing BAT activity on circulating exosome number and cargo are unknown. Identifying the role of BAT in modulating exosome number and cargo is important since the myocardium is highly responsive to exosomes. We used various known approaches that increase BAT activity (cold exposure, BATcold) or decrease BAT activity (BAT removal (BATless), obesity (HFD), aging (old)) and examined the number and content of circulating exosomes. Upon BAT activation via cold exposure, there was a large increase in circulating exosome numbers (see figure). All approaches that results in decreased BAT activity resulted in a decrease in circulating exosome numbers (see figure). We further examined the role of changing BAT activity on the content (i.e., cargo) of the exosomes, specifically focusing on miRNA. Interestingly, changing BAT activity resulted in large changes to the content of the exosomes, with some miRNA increasing levels and other miRNA decreasing levels. Some of these identified miRNA have been shown to exert beneficial effects on the heart and many miRNA having no defined effect on cardiac function. We believe that these BAT activated exosomes have the combination and proportion of circulatory miRNA necessary to enhance and maintain heart function. There is a great need for new strategies and approaches for treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Our data suggest that a novel treatment strategy for CVD can be derived from BAT exosomes.

142-OR: Unique Role of the a4 Component for S6-Kinase Activity in Metabolic Regulation and Anti-apoptotic Effect in Brown Adipose Tissue

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 142-OR
Author(s):  
MASAJI SAKAGUCHI ◽  
SHOTA OKAGAWA ◽  
SAYAKA KITANO ◽  
TATSUYA KONDO ◽  
EIICHI ARAKI
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
S6 Kinase ◽  
Unique Role ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Apoptotic Effect

The endocrine role of brown adipose tissue: An update on actors and actions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleix Gavaldà-Navarro ◽  
Joan Villarroya ◽  
Rubén Cereijo ◽  
Marta Giralt ◽  
Francesc Villarroya
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose

scholarly journals The Role of AMPK Signaling in Brown Adipose Tissue Activation

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1122
Author(s):  
Jamie I. van der van der Vaart ◽  
Mariëtte R. Boon ◽  
Riekelt H. Houtkooper
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ampk Signaling ◽  
Mitochondrial Homeostasis ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Metabolic Stresses ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Body Energy

Obesity is becoming a pandemic, and its prevalence is still increasing. Considering that obesity increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic diseases, research efforts are focusing on new ways to combat obesity. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged as a possible target to achieve this for its functional role in energy expenditure by means of increasing thermogenesis. An important metabolic sensor and regulator of whole-body energy balance is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and its role in energy metabolism is evident. This review highlights the mechanisms of BAT activation and investigates how AMPK can be used as a target for BAT activation. We review compounds and other factors that are able to activate AMPK and further discuss the therapeutic use of AMPK in BAT activation. Extensive research shows that AMPK can be activated by a number of different kinases, such as LKB1, CaMKK, but also small molecules, hormones, and metabolic stresses. AMPK is able to activate BAT by inducing adipogenesis, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and inducing browning in white adipose tissue. We conclude that, despite encouraging results, many uncertainties should be clarified before AMPK can be posed as a target for anti-obesity treatment via BAT activation.

Effect of noradrenaline chronic administration on brown fat phospholipids

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard Mory ◽  
Myriam Gawer ◽  
Jean-Claude Kader
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Sympathetic Tone ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Brown Adipose

Chronic cold exposure of rats (9 days at 5°C) induces an alteration of the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in brown adipose tissue. The alteration is due to an increase of the unsaturation degree of these lipids. The phenomenon can be reproduced by 10−7 mole. h−1 administration of noradrenaline for 9 days in rats kept at 25°C. Thus, phospholipid alteration in brown fat of cold exposed rats is most probably a consequence of the increase of sympathetic tone which occurs in this tissue during exposure to cold.

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