Infants of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome have Lower Cord Blood Androstenedione and Estradiol Levels

ABSTRACT Context Prenatal androgen excess can cause a phenocopy of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in mammals. Retrospective studies have suggested that girls at risk for PCOS have low birth weight and prospective studies have suggested an increased prevalence of small for gestational age offspring in women with PCOS. Objective To determine whether infants of women with PCOS have reduced birth weight or increased intrauterine androgen levels. Design Prospective case-control study. Participants Thirty-nine PCOS and 31 control women and their infants. Main outcome measures Birth weight and mixed cord blood testosterone, androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, estradiol (E2), and dihydrotestosterone levels. Results Mean birth weight did not differ but there was a significant increase in the prevalence of large for gestational age infants in the PCOS group. Cord blood E2 and A levels were lower (p < 0.05) but testosterone:E2 ratios did not differ in female PCOS compared to control offspring. There was no difference in E2 and A levels in the male PCOS and control offspring. There was no difference in 17-hydroxyprogesterone or in other androgen levels in either male or female PCOS offspring compared to their respective control group. Conclusion Infants of women with PCOS were more likely to be large for gestational age. Female offspring of affected women have lower cord blood A levels; other cord blood androgen levels do not differ compared to female control offspring. Cord blood E2 levels are also significantly decreased in PCOS, without any difference in the testosterone:E2 ratio, suggesting decreased fetal or placental production of steroids.

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Infants of Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Have Lower Cord Blood Androstenedione and Estradiol Levels

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2009-2651 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 95 (5) ◽

pp. 2180-2186 ◽

Cited By ~ 67

Author(s):

Helen Anderson ◽

Naomi Fogel ◽

Stefan K. Grebe ◽

Ravinder J. Singh ◽

Robert L. Taylor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Large For Gestational Age ◽

Control Group ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

17 Hydroxyprogesterone ◽

Androgen Levels

Abstract Context: Prenatal androgen excess can cause a phenocopy of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in mammals. Retrospective studies have suggested that girls at risk for PCOS have low birth weight, and prospective studies have suggested an increased prevalence of small-for-gestational-age offspring in women with PCOS. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether infants of women with PCOS have reduced birth weight or increased intrauterine androgen levels. Design: This was a prospective case-control study. Participants: Thirty-nine PCOS and 31 control women and their infants participated in the study. Main Outcome Measures: Birth weight and mixed cord blood testosterone, androstenedione (A), dehydroepiandrosterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, estradiol (E2), and dihydrotestosterone levels were measured. Results: Mean birth weight did not differ, but there was a significant increase in the prevalence of large-for-gestational-age infants in the PCOS group. Cord blood E2 and A levels were lower (P < 0.05), but testosterone to E2 ratios did not differ in female PCOS compared with control offspring. There was no difference in E2 and A levels in the male PCOS and control offspring. There was no difference in 17-hydroxyprogesterone or other androgen levels in either male or female PCOS offspring compared with their respective control group. Conclusion: Infants of women with PCOS were more likely to be large for gestational age. Female offspring of affected women have lower cord blood A levels; other cord blood androgen levels do not differ compared with female control offspring. Cord blood E2 levels are also significantly decreased in PCOS, without any difference in the testosterone to E2 ratio, suggesting decreased fetal or placental production of steroids.

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Metabolic parameters in cord blood of newborns of women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Fertility and Sterility ◽

10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.04.022 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 92 (1) ◽

pp. 277-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Manuel Maliqueo ◽

Bárbara Echiburú ◽

Nicolás Crisosto ◽

Pablo Amigo ◽

Pablo Aranda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Metabolic Parameters ◽

Ovary Syndrome

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Mass spectrometry methods measured androgen and estrogen concentrations during pregnancy and in newborns of mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/eje-15-0699 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 174 (1) ◽

pp. 25-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Mirte R Caanen ◽

Esther A Kuijper ◽

Peter G Hompes ◽

Mark M Kushnir ◽

Alan L Rockwood ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Umbilical Cord ◽

Umbilical Cord Blood ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Maternal Blood ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Causative Role ◽

Ovary Syndrome

ObjectiveLittle is known about the aetiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Some suggest that elevated maternal androgens during gestation play a causative role. This implies placental passage of androgens during pregnancy. The aim of this study is to compare androgen and estrogen concentrations in maternal serum during pregnancy and in umbilical cord blood, between mothers with PCOS and their offspring compared to controls.DesignProspective case–control study.MethodsMaternal blood samples were collected around 20 weeks of gestation and at delivery. Umbilical cord blood was also taken at delivery. Androgens (testosterone (T), androstenedione (ADION), dehydroepiandrostenedione (DHEA)) and estrogens (estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3)) were measured using the liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods.ResultsAt 20 weeks of gestation: T (P=0.019) and ADION (P=0.034) were higher in the PCOS mothers (pregnant with a girl), whereas DHEA, E1, E2, and E3were not different. Maternal concentration at birth: T (P=0.004) and ADION (P=0.009) were also higher in the subgroup of PCOS mothers that were pregnant with a girl compared to the girl pregnancy controls. DHEA, E1, E2and E3were not different. In umbilical cord blood, no differences were found for T, ADION, DHEA, E2, E3, and AMH between the PCOS mothers and the controls respectively. E1was lower in girls from PCOS mothers (P=0.007).ConclusionsDespite elevated maternal androgen concentrations during pregnancy in PCOS mothers, offspring showed no signs of elevated androgen concentrations in cord blood at birth using the latest highly specific LC-MS/MS methods.

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Ovarian Drilling Efficacy, Estradiol Levels and Pregnancy Rate in Females With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Jentashapir Journal of Health Research ◽

10.5812/jjhr.27171 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Farideh Moramezi ◽

Roshan Nikbakhat ◽

Azam Rafigh

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Pregnancy Rate ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Ovarian Drilling ◽

Estradiol Levels

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Vitamin D Concentrations at Term Do Not Differ in Newborns and Their Mothers with and without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10030537 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 537

Author(s):

Martina Kollmann ◽

Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch ◽

Elisabeth Lerchbaum ◽

Sarah Feigl ◽

Rüdiger Hochstätter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Perinatal Outcome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Perinatal Complications ◽

Maternal Complications ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Adverse Perinatal Outcome ◽

Significant Difference

Studies suggest that non-pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) may be at elevated risk of 25 hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficiency. Furthermore, there is evidence suggesting that 25(OH)D may also play an important role during pregnancy. Data regarding 25(OH)D deficiency during pregnancy in PCOS patients and its association with perinatal outcome is scarce. The aim of the study was to investigate whether mothers with and without PCOS have different 25(OH)D levels at term, how maternal 25(OH)D levels are reflected in their offspring, and if 25(OH)D levels are associated with an adverse perinatal outcome. Therefore, we performed a cross-sectional observational study and included 79 women with PCOS according to the ESHRE/ASRM 2003 definition and 354 women without PCOS and an ongoing pregnancy ≥ 37 + 0 weeks of gestation who gave birth in our institution between March 2013 and December 2015. Maternal serum and cord blood 25(OH)D levels were analyzed at the day of delivery. Maternal 25(OH)D levels did not differ significantly in women with PCOS and without PCOS (p = 0.998), nor did the 25(OH)D levels of their respective offspring (p = 0.692). 25(OH)D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) was found in 26.9% and 22.5% of women with and without PCOS (p = 0.430). There was a strong positive correlation between maternal and neonatal 25(OH)D levels in both investigated groups (r ≥ 0.79, p < 0.001). Linear regression estimates of cord blood 25(OH)D levels are about 77% of serum 25(OH)D concentrations of the mother. Compared to healthy controls, the risk for maternal complications was increased in PCOS women (48% vs. 65%; p = 0.009), while there was no significant difference in neonatal complications (22% and 22%; p = 1.0). However, 25(OH)D levels were similar between mothers and infants with and without perinatal complications. Although the share of women and infants with 25(OH)D deficiency was high in women with PCOS and without PCOS, it seems that the incidence of adverse perinatal outcome was not affected. The long-term consequences for mothers and infants with a 25(OH)D deficiency have to be investigated in future studies.

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Impact of Serum Estradiol on Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Ovulatory Women

Clinical Medicine Insights Women s Health ◽

10.4137/cmwh.s9721 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. CMWH.S9721

Author(s):

Dana M. Block-Abraham ◽

Raymond W. Ke ◽

Richard J. Bloomer

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Steady State ◽

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Serum Estradiol ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Estradiol Levels ◽

Biomarkers Of Oxidative Stress

Background Estrogens are thought to possess antioxidant properties in vivo, with estradiol being the most biologically active and available. Unlike ovulatory women, those with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have a relative steady-state serum estradiol concentration across a typical month. To better understand the antioxidant role of serum estradiol in premenopausal women, we evaluated biomarkers of oxidative stress at two time points in both ovulatory and anovulatory cycles (ie, women with PCOS). Methods A total of 16 women (7 PCOS, 9 ovulatory) completed this study. Ovulatory women were tested on cycle day 3, and again on cycle day 21. Women with PCOS were tested at a random time and returned to the clinic 14 days later. At each visit, blood was collected for determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC). Estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were also measured. Results There were no significant differences observed in any oxidative stress biomarker between ovulatory and PCOS women. Estradiol levels were positively correlated with TEAC in women with PCOS (r = 0.57; P = 0.03), but not in ovulatory women. While not statistically significant, negative correlations were noted between estradiol and MDA and estradiol and H2O2 in women with PCOS but not in ovulatory subjects. Conclusions Our data indicate that oxidative stress biomarkers do not differ between PCOS and ovulatory women. The changing estrogen level that occurs throughout ovulatory cycles does not appear to impact overall oxidative status when compared to the relative steady-state estradiol levels in PCOS subjects in our study. Furthermore, estradiol may be associated with antioxidant status and biomarkers of oxidative stress in women with PCOS but not in those with regular menstrual cycles.

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