scholarly journals The Metabolic Syndrome in Overweight Hispanic Youth and the Role of Insulin Sensitivity

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha L. Cruz ◽  
Marc J. Weigensberg ◽  
Terry T.-K. Huang ◽  
Geoff Ball ◽  
Gabriel Q. Shaibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Family History ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Hispanic Youth ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome is highest among Hispanic adults. However, studies exploring the metabolic syndrome in overweight Hispanic youth are lacking. Subjects were 126 overweight children (8–13 yr of age) with a family history for type 2 diabetes. The metabolic syndrome was defined as having at least three of the following: abdominal obesity, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, and/or impaired glucose tolerance. Insulin sensitivity was determined by the frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance test and minimal modeling. The prevalence of abdominal obesity, low HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, systolic and diastolic hypertension, and impaired glucose tolerance was 62, 67, 26, 22, 4, and 27%, respectively. The presence of zero, one, two, or three or more features of the metabolic syndrome was 9, 22, 38, and 30%, respectively. After controlling for body composition, insulin sensitivity was positively related to HDL cholesterol (P < 0.01) and negatively related to triglycerides (P < 0.001) and systolic (P < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05). Insulin sensitivity significantly decreased (P < 0.001) as the number of features of the metabolic syndrome increased. In conclusion, overweight Hispanic youth with a family history for type 2 diabetes are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, and this appears to be due to decreased insulin sensitivity. Improving insulin resistance may be crucial for the prevention of chronic disease in this at-risk population.

scholarly journals The influence of diet with reduction in calorie intake on metabolic syndrome parameters in obese subjects with impaired glucose tolerance

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 465-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Polovina ◽  
Dragan Micic
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Group A

Introduction. Current therapy of metabolic syndrome includes the assessment of cardiovascular risk together with control of high blood pressure, hyperlipidaemia and prevention of type 2 diabetes with adequate diet and increase in physical activity. Aim of the study. To investigate the influence of medical nutritive therapy in obese people with impaired glucose tolerance risk factor for Type 2 Diabetes mellitus and potential consecutive lowering of cardio-metabolic risk. Material and methods. The 55 obese (body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2) subjects were divided into two groups, the study group A (n=35), and the control group B (n=20). Group A was on diet for a period of 12 weeks (1200-1500kcal/day diet with 55-65% carbohydrates, 15-18% proteins and 22-23% predominantly unsaturated fats, and 20-40g fibers/day.). Before and after 12 weeks the following parameters were determined: waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, Index HOMA-IR, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Results. After 12 weeks on low calorie diet in Group A there was a decrease in the waist circumference (p=0.001); systolyc blood pressure (p=0.001); diastolic blood pressure (p= 0.01); fasting blood glucose (p=0.001); Index HOMA IR (p<0.001); triglycerides (p<0.001) and increase in HDL cholesterol (p<0.05). Conclusion. These results suggest that implementation of low callorie-high fibers diet with balanced nutritive elements have a positive effect on visceral obesity, fasting glucose, lipid profile, and hypertension in obese people with impaired glucose tolerance and lead to consecutive lowering of cardiometabolic risk.

scholarly journals Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Reduced β-Cell Function in Overweight Latino Children with a Positive Family History for Type 2 Diabetes

2004 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael I. Goran ◽  
Richard N. Bergman ◽  
Quintilia Avila ◽  
Michael Watkins ◽  
Geoff D. C. Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Latino Children ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Β Cell Function

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome: what is it and what are the implications?

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. I. Shaw ◽  
W. L. Hall ◽  
C. M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Diet And Exercise

Obesity and overweight are linked with a cluster of metabolic and vascular disorders that have been termed the metabolic syndrome. Although there is not yet a universally-accepted set of diagnostic criteria, most expert groups agree that the syndrome is characterised by impaired insulin sensitivity and hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia (elevated blood triacyglycerols with depressed HDL-cholesterol), abdominal obesity and hypertension. Based on existing published criteria estimates suggest that the syndrome affects a substantial percentage of the middle-aged and elderly populations of most European countries (10–20%) and confers increased risk of type 2 diabetes (2–8.8-fold) and CVD (1.5–6-fold), as well as having a marked effect on morbidity. Although the pathophysiology is incompletely understood, insulin resistance and abdominal obesity are central to subsequent abnormalities in circulating glucose and lipoproteins, and vascular function that lead to type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis and CVD. The link between metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and CVD, as well as inability to reverse the present rising rates of obesity, will lead to economically-unsustainable costs of health care in the next 10–20 years. Preventative strategies for metabolic syndrome are required to slow rates of progression and to reduce dependence on costly medical management. A notable development is recent evidence that shows that diet and exercise are more effective than drug treatment in preventing the development of type-2 diabetes in high-risk individuals. The LIPGENE project will investigate dietary fat quality as a strategy for the prevention of metabolic syndrome and identify food chain approaches that can support consumer attempts to alter their dietary patterns.

scholarly journals The E23K variant in the Kir6.2 subunit of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel does not augment impaired glucose tolerance in Caribbean subjects with a family history of type 2 diabetes

2005 ◽  
Vol 185 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidum Ezenwaka ◽  
Risha Kalloo ◽  
Mathias Uhlig ◽  
Robert Schwenk ◽  
Juergen Eckel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Family History ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
History Of

The E23K variant of the Kir6.2 gene has been shown to be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Caucasian subjects. Because offspring of type 2 diabetic patients have a genetically increased risk of developing diabetes, we sought to identify the E23K variant of the Kir6.2 gene in offspring of Caribbean patients with type 2 diabetes and assess the contribution of this variant to impaired glucose tolerance in these subjects. Forty-six offspring of patients with type 2 diabetes and 39 apparently healthy subjects whose immediate parents were not diabetic (‘control’) were studied after an overnight fast. Anthropometric indices were measured and blood samples were collected. Fasting and 2 h plasma glucose, insulin and lipids were subsequently determined. Insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostatic model assessment technique. The offspring and control subjects had similar frequencies of the E23K polymorphism (52.6 vs 45.5%, P>0.05) and the frequency of the E23K variant did not differ significantly between gender and ethnic distributions, irrespectively of a family history of diabetes (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in biochemical risk factors for developing diabetes in offspring carriers of the E23K variant compared with offspring non-carriers of the mutation. Offspring with the E23K mutation had even significantly higher 2 h insulin concentrations when compared with control subjects. It is concluded that the presence of the Kir6.2 E23K genotype in Caribbean subjects with an immediate positive family history of diabetes does not confer significantly higher levels of biochemical risk factors for the development of type 2 diabetes.

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