Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Cognitive Impairment: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background Levothyroxine replacement therapy may decrease the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the risk of adverse pregnancy, perinatal, and early childhood outcomes among women with SCH treated with levothyroxine. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using Ovid-Medline, Ovid-EMBASE, Pubmed (non-Medline), Ebsco-CINAHL Plus with full text and Cochrane Library databases. Randomized controlled studies (RCTs) and observational studies examining the association between treatment of SCH during pregnancy and our outcomes of interest were included. Studies that compared levothyroxine treatment versus no treatment were eligible for inclusion. Data from included studies were extracted and quality assessment was performed by two independent reviewers. Results Seven RCTs and six observational studies met our inclusion criteria. A total of 7342 individuals were included in these studies. RCTs demonstrated several sources of bias, with lack of blinding of the participants or research personnel; only one study was fully blinded. In the observational studies, there was moderate to serious risk of bias due to lack of adjustment for certain confounding variables, participant selection, and selective reporting of results. Pooled analyses showed decreased risk of pregnancy loss (RR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.67 to 0.93) and neonatal death (RR: 0.35; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.72) associated with levothyroxine treatment during pregnancy among women with SCH. There were no associations between levothyroxine treatment and outcomes during labour and delivery, or cognitive status in children at 3 or 5 years of age. Conclusion Treatment of SCH with levothyroxine during pregnancy is associated with decreased risks of pregnancy loss and neonatal death. Given the paucity of available data and heterogeneity of included studies, additional studies are needed to address the benefits of levothyroxine use among pregnant women with SCH.

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Retinal biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Ageing Research Reviews ◽

10.1016/j.arr.2021.101361 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 101361

Author(s):

Yi-Jun Ge ◽

Wei Xu ◽

Ya-Nan Ou ◽

Yi Qu ◽

Ya-Hui Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Meta Analysis

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Repetition Priming in Individuals with Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Dementia: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Neuropsychology Review ◽

10.1007/s11065-021-09504-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Liselotte De Wit ◽

Vitoria Piai ◽

Pilar Thangwaritorn ◽

Brynn Johnson ◽

Deirdre O’Shea ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Older Adults ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Repetition Priming ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Healthy Older Adults ◽

Amnestic Mci ◽

Standard Mean Difference ◽

Priming Paradigm

AbstractThe literature on repetition priming in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is inconsistent, with some findings supporting spared priming while others do not. Several factors may explain these inconsistencies, including AD severity (e.g., dementia vs. Mild Cognitive Impairment; MCI) and priming paradigm-related characteristics. This systematic review and meta-analysis provides a quantitative summary of repetition priming in AD. We examined the between-group standard mean difference comparing repetition priming in AD dementia or amnestic MCI (aMCI; presumably due to AD) to controls. Thirty-two studies were selected, including 590 individuals with AD dementia, 267 individuals with amnestic MCI, and 703 controls. Our results indicated that both individuals with aMCI and AD dementia perform worse on repetition priming tasks than cognitively older adults. Paradigm-related moderators suggested that the effect size between studies comparing the combined aMCI or AD dementia group to cognitively healthy older adults was the highest for paradigms that required participants to produce, rather than identify, primes during the test phase. Our results further suggested that priming in AD is impaired for both conceptual and perceptual priming tasks. Lastly, while our results suggested that priming in AD is impaired for priming tasks that require deep processing, we were unable to draw firm conclusions about whether priming is less impaired in aMCI or AD dementia for paradigms that require shallow processing.

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“The Dichotic Digit Test” as an Index Indicator for Hearing Problem in Dementia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Journal of the American Academy of Audiology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1718700 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nattawan Utoomprurkporn ◽

Chris J.D. Hardy ◽

Joshua Stott ◽

Sergi G. Costafreda ◽

Jason Warren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Speech Processing ◽

Test Performance ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Control Group ◽

People With Dementia ◽

Ear Advantage ◽

Right Ear Advantage ◽

Dementia Onset

Abstract Background Patients with dementia commonly have problems processing speech in the presence of competing background speech or noise. This difficulty can be present from the very early stages of dementia, and may be a preclinical feature of Alzheimer's disease. Purpose This study investigates whether people with dementia perform worse on the dichotic digit test (DDT), an experimental probe of speech processing in the presence of competing speech, and whether test performance may predict dementia onset. Research Design Systematic review and meta-analysis. Data Collection and Analysis A literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Psycinfo. We included (1) studies that included people with a diagnosis of dementia and a healthy control group with no cognitive impairment; (2) studies that reported results from a DDT in a free-recall response task; and (3) studies that had the dichotic digit mean correct percentage score or right-ear advantage, as outcome measurements. Results People with dementia had a lower DDT total score, with a pooled mean difference of 18.6% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 21.2–15.9). Patients with dementia had an increased right-ear advantage relative to controls with a pooled difference of 24.4% (95% CI: 21.8–27.0). Conclusion The DDT total scores are lower and the right-ear advantage increased in cognitively impaired versus normal control participants. The findings also suggest that the reduction of dichotic digit total score and increase of right-ear advantage progress as cognitive impairment increases. Whether abnormalities in dichotic digit scores could predict subsequent dementia onset should be examined in further longitudinal studies.

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