scholarly journals Effect of Statin Use on the Risk of Osteoporotic Fracture in Patients With Metabolic Syndrome: A Nested Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A244-A245
Author(s):  
Kyoung Jin Kim ◽  
Jimi Choi ◽  
Ji Yoon Kim ◽  
Jae Hyun Bae ◽  
Kyeong Jin Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Fracture ◽  
Osteoporotic Fracture ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Major Osteoporotic Fracture ◽  
Major Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Statin Use

Abstract Statins may have advantageous pleiotropic effects on bone metabolism, however, the clinical evidence about the association is still unclear. Although many studies have already evaluated this association, they have performed mostly in a general population with limitation of between-study heterogeneity. Statin may not be equally effective for bone metabolism to every patient, but it can give some benefits for some patients especially with metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, no recent study assessing this relationship, to best our knowledge, has evaluated specifically on patients with MetS. It is also unclear whether the association between statin and osteoporotic fracture differ by statin intensity, dose (cumulative defined daily dose), and duration. This study aimed to investigate the association of statin use with the risk of major osteoporotic fracture in MetS patients from a population-based cohort (NHIS-HEALS, 2002–2015). A nested case-control study was performed in patients with MetS (≥50 years) who had no history of previous osteoporotic fracture. This study included 17,041 cases diagnosed as new-onset osteoporotic fractures and controls matched in a 1:1 ratio by age, sex, body mass index, cohort entry date, and follow-up duration. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate covariate-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). During the 4-year follow up period, statin users had a significantly lower risk of major osteoporotic fractures by 9% (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.85 to 0.97) compared with non-users. Among subtypes of major osteoporotic fracture, a risk reduction of vertebral fracture was significant (OR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79 to 0.94), but not non-vertebral fracture (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.88 to 1.06) with statin use. Longer duration (OR, 0.97 per 1 year) and cumulative dose (OR, 0.97 per 365 defined daily dose) of statin was negatively associated with the risk of major osteoporotic fracture. There was no difference in risk of major osteoporotic fractures among groups according to statin intensity. In conclusion, this study supports the hypothesis that statin treatment has a beneficial effect on major osteoporotic fracture, especially for vertebral fracture, in patients with MetS with a possibly dose-effect relationship.

scholarly journals Comparing proton pump inhibitors with histamin-2 receptor blockers regarding the risk of osteoporotic fractures: a nested case-control study of more than 350,000 Korean patients with GERD and peptic ulcer disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo-Hyun Park ◽  
Jessie Lee ◽  
Su-Yeon Yu ◽  
Jin-Hyung Jung ◽  
Kyungdo Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peptic Ulcer ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Osteoporotic Fracture ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Ulcer Disease ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Patients with peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are more likely to receive long-term therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). This study aimed to investigate the risk of osteoporotic fractures in PPI users compared to histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) users and the association between fractures and the duration and regular use of PPI. Methods A population-based, nationwide nested case-control study from January 2006 to December 2015 was performed using Korean National Health Insurance Service claims data. We included patients ≥50 years of age, without previous fractures, newly prescribed with PPI or H2RA, and diagnosed with PUD or GERD from 2006 to 2015. Patients with osteoporotic fracture (n = 59,240) were matched with the non-fracture control group (n = 296,200) at a 1:5 ratio based on sex, age, cohort entry date, follow-up duration, and bisphosphonate use. The osteoporotic fractures were defined using the diagnostic codes of claims data (M80, M81, M82, M484, M485, S220, S221, S320, S327, S422, S423, S525, S526, S72). Results The higher the cumulative use of PPIs, the higher the osteoporotic fracture risk (P for trend < 0.001). The risk of osteoporotic fracture in the patients whose cumulative use of PPI was more than 1 year was higher than that of others (OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.32–1.52). Patients who regularly used PPI in the recent 1 year had a higher risk of osteoporotic fracture than exclusive H2RA users (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.26–1.50). Conclusions The risk of osteoporotic fracture increased with the duration of PPI use, especially when PPI was used for ≥1 year and regularly in the recent 1 year.

Progress of osteoporosis: stratification of fracture risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana A. Nikitinskaya ◽  
Natalya V. Toroptsova
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Osteoporotic Fracture ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Osteoporosis Treatment ◽  
Axial Skeleton ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Major Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Probability Of Fracture

Background: There are two approaches to identify candidates for the prescription of osteoporosis treatment: identification of patients with low bone mineral density using DEXA of the axial skeleton and calculation of the 10-year probability of major osteoporotic fractures using FRAX®. Aims: to assess the diagnostic accuracy of different FRAX® thresholds in the Russian population. Materials and methods: the value of individual 10-year probability of osteoporotic fracture by FRAX® at the time of inclusion in the study was retrospectively estimated in 224 postmenopausal women, whom the major osteoporotic fractures were recorded over 10 years of prospective observation. The diagnostic accuracy of different thresholds were compared: "European" and Russian age-dependent thresholds, fixed 20% threshold, the average FRAX® of patients who had a major osteoporotic fracture during follow-up (16%), FRAX® value corresponding to the "cut-off point" (12,5%). Results: The Russian FRAX model showed the acceptable diagnostic accuracy of the method (AUC=0.665±0.036; 95% CI 0.595; 0.736). The "European" threshold of therapeutic intervention demonstrated 72% sensitivity and 38% specificity, 20% threshold – 27% and 87%, the Russian threshold – 41% and 77%, 12.5% threshold – 68% and 58%, 16% threshold – 57% and 73%, respectively. The diagnostic precision of the specified thresholds was 54%, 58%, 60%, 63% and 65%, respectively. Conclusions: the Russian age-dependent threshold remains the optimal way to decide whether to initiate anti-osteoporotic therapy based on an assessment of the 10-year probability of fracture by the Russian model for FRAX®.

Statin Use Reduces Risk of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma in US Veterans With Barrett’s Esophagus: A Nested Case-Control Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 149 (6) ◽  
pp. 1392-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Nguyen ◽  
Zhigang Duan ◽  
Aanand D. Naik ◽  
Jennifer R. Kramer ◽  
Hashem B. El-Serag
Keyword(s):  
Barrett’S Esophagus ◽  
Esophageal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Barrett's Esophagus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Us Veterans ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Statin Use

Risk Factors for Tuberculosis (TB) Among Household Contacts of Patients With Smear-Positive TB in 8 Provinces of Vietnam: A Nested Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavindhran Velen ◽  
Nguyen Viet Nhung ◽  
Nguyen Thu Anh ◽  
Pham Duc Cuong ◽  
Nguyen Binh Hoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
Key Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background Tuberculosis (TB) continues to account for significant morbidity and mortality annually. Household contacts (HHCs) of persons with TB are a key population for targeting prevention and control interventions. We aimed to identify risk factors associated with developing TB among HHCs. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study among HHCs in 8 provinces in Vietnam enrolled in a randomized controlled trial of active case finding for TB. Cases were any HHCs diagnosed and registered with TB within the Vietnam National TB Program during 2 years of follow-up. Controls were selected by simple random sampling from the remaining HHCs. Risk factor data were collected at enrollment and during follow-up. A logistic regression model was developed to determine predictors of TB among HHCs. Results We selected 1254 HHCs for the analysis: 214 cases and 1040 controls. Underlying characteristics varied between both groups; cases were older, more likely to be male, with a higher proportion of reported previous TB and diabetes. Risk factors associated with a TB diagnosis included being male (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03–2.0), residing in an urban setting (aOR, 1.8; 1.3–2.5), prior TB (aOR, 4.6; 2.5–8.7), history of diabetes (aOR, 3.1; 1.7–5.8), current smoking (aOR, 3.1; 2.2–4.4), and prolonged history of coughing in the index case at enrollment (OR , 1.6; 1.1–2.3). Conclusions Household contacts remain an important key population for TB prevention and control. TB programs should ensure effective contact investigations are implemented for household contacts, particularly those with additional risk factors for developing TB.

Statin use and risk of cataract: A nested case-control study within a healthcare database

2016 ◽  
Vol 251 ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Casula ◽  
Davide Soranna ◽  
Giovanni Corrao ◽  
Luca Merlino ◽  
Alberico Luigi Catapano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Healthcare Database ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Statin Use

scholarly journals Incidence and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism Among Taiwan Osteoporotic Fracture Population under Osteoporosis Pharmacological Treatments

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 1599-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tzu-Chieh Lin ◽  
Cheng-Han Lee ◽  
Chyun-Yu Yang ◽  
Yea-Huei Kao Yang ◽  
Swu-Jane Lin
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Osteoporotic Fracture ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Hazard Ratio ◽  
Osteoporosis Therapy ◽  
Treatment Scenario ◽  
Fracture Population

Context: There was no clear evidence for the association between oral bisphosphonates or raloxifene and venous thromboembolism (VTE). There might also be ethnic differences in VTE risk. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence and risk of VTEs for different classes of osteoporosis drugs in the Taiwanese osteoporotic fracture population. Design: This was a retrospective cohort study from 2003 to 2007, with up to 6 years follow-up. Setting: Enrollees were participants in Taiwan National Health Insurance. Patients: Patients older than 50 years who had vertebral or hip fractures and were new to osteoporosis therapy were recruited. Intervention: Patients were classified into the alendronate, calcitonin, or raloxifene group according to exposure after follow-up. Main Outcome Measure: The primary outcome of our study was all incident VTEs, including deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare the relative VTE risk among alendronate, raloxifene, and calcitonin groups under an on-treatment scenario. Results: There were 25 443, 9642, and 31 900 patients in the alendronate, raloxifene, and calcitonin groups, and the mean age was 74.5 years (SD, 9.6). The incidence of VTE in the alendronate, raloxifene, and calcitonin groups was 11.2, 8.5, and 18.8 per 10 000 person-years. Results from Cox analyses showed that alendronate or raloxifene recipients did not have a higher risk for VTE than calcitonin recipients (adjusted hazard ratio for alendronate, 0.84; 95% confidence interval, 0.47–1.51; adjusted hazard ratio for raloxifene, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.33–1.28). Conclusion: This retrospective analysis found that the incidence of VTE in Taiwanese patients with osteoporosis was low, and the risk of VTE was similar across alendronate, raloxifene, and calcitonin recipients in patients with osteoporotic fractures who were new to osteoporosis therapy.

scholarly journals Serum IGFBP-2 and Risk of Atypical Hyperplasia of the Breast

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea Catsburg ◽  
Marc J. Gunter ◽  
Lesley Tinker ◽  
Rowan T. Chlebowski ◽  
Michael Pollak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Atypical Hyperplasia ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Nonsignificant Decrease ◽  
Control Study

Atypical hyperplasia of the breast (AH) is associated with increased risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer, yet little is known about the etiology of AH. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) may contribute to the development of AH due to its proliferative effects on mammary tissue. We conducted a nested case-control study of postmenopausal women enrolled in Women’s Health Initiative-Clinical Trial. Cases were 275 women who developed incident AH during follow-up, individually (1 : 1) matched to controls. Levels of IGFBP-2 were determined from fasting serum collected at baseline. Multivariable conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios for the association of IGFBP-2 with risk of AH. Serum IGFBP-2 was associated with a nonsignificant decrease in risk for AH, when comparing the highest quartile to lowest quartile (OR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.32–1.31). This decrease in risk was most evident when analyses were restricted to nondiabetic, nonusers of hormone therapy (OR = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.13–0.86,ptrend= 0.06) and nondiabetic women who were overweight or obese (OR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.18–1.03,ptrend= 0.05). Results from this study provide some support for an inverse association between serum IGFBP2 levels and risk of AH, particularly in nondiabetic women who are overweight or obese. Further studies are required to confirm these results.

scholarly journals Prediction of coronary disease incidence in the general population by circulating RNY(YRNA)-derived small RNA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera L. Costa ◽  
Jean-Bernard Ruidavet ◽  
Vanina Bongard ◽  
Bertrand Perret ◽  
Emanuela Repetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Small Rna ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesion ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Absolute Expression ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

ABSTRACTDuring the development of atherosclerotic lesion, s-RNYs (small RNAs of about 24/34 nucleotides) are derived by the processing of long Ro-associated non-coding RNAs (RNYs) in macrophages. The levels of serum s-RNYs have been found significantly upregulated in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) compared to age-matched healthy individuals. The present study aimed to examine the predictive value of serum s-RNYs for CHD events in the general population.Within the frame of nested-case-control study, the GENES study, we measured the absolute expression of a RNY-derived small RNA, the s-RNY1-5p, in the serum of healthy individuals who encountered a CHD event within 12 years of follow-up (n = 31) (Cases) and compared them to individuals who remained event-free (Controls) (n = 30).The expression of s-RNY1-5p in serum was significantly upregulated in Cases compared to Controls (p = 0.027). The proportion of CHD event-free was significantly higher among individuals with serum s-RNY1-5p below the median value (631 molecule / mL). In a multivariate model adjusted for age, smoking and treatment for hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidemia, the risk of CHD events increased more than 4-fold in individuals with serum s-RNY1-5p above the median value (HR, 4.36; 95%CI, 1.22-15.60). Significant association with CHD events was also observed when considering s-RNY1-5p as a continuous variable (p = 0.022). Serum s-RNY1-5p is an independent predictor of CHD in healthy individuals and could be considered as a biomarker in primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases.TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVESHere, we reported that s-RNY1-5p was significantly upregulated in the serum of individuals who underwent CHD and was positively associated with CHD events. Those results argue in favor of s-RNY1-5p being a novel predictive molecular biomarker for cardiovascular events. In the future, measurement of s-RNY1-5p expression levels and other 5’ s-RNYs, such as s-RNY4-5p, could be used in clinical practice in addition to classical risk factors to identify those high-risk individuals who might benefit from prevention medicine.

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