SAT-386 Assessment Of Tissue Sodium Content By23Na-MRI In Patients With Adrenal Insufficiency

Abstract Background Studies describe a linkage between greater sodium intake and higher incidence of organ damage and cardiovascular end points. Sodium intake is usually assessed by measuring 24-hour urinary sodium excretion, which is prone to high fluctuation. For the assessment of tissue sodium a new technique (23Na-MRI) has been developed. We analyzed whether tissue sodium is linked to vascular remodeling of small resistance vessels in patients with type-2 diabetes. Methods In patients with type 2 diabetes we assessed tissue sodium content and vascular structural parameters of the retinal arterioles, since structural changes of resistance vessels (150–300 μm) can be non-invasively and reliably assessed in the retinal circulation by Scanning Laser Doppler Flowmetry (SLDF). Patients with antidiabetic medication were off the therapy (antihypertensives were kept constant) for 4 weeks. The structural parameters of retinal arterioles assessed were outer- and inner diameter (OD & ID), wall thickness (WT), wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR) and wall cross sectional area (WCSA). Tissue sodium content was assessed non-invasively with a 3.0 T clinical MRI system in each patient. Subject placed their lower legs in the center of a 23Na knee coil and sodium content in skin and muscle (musculus triceps surae) were measured. Results In patients with type 2 diabetes (N=52) we observed a significant correlation between tissue sodium content (muscle and skin) and OD, WT and WCSA and a trend has been noticed between muscle sodium content and ID and WLR. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that tissue sodium content is a significant determinant of hypertrophic vascular remodeling as indicated by increased WT and WCSA, independent of age, gender and 24-hour ambulatory diastolic blood pressure. Correlation coefficients Muscle sodium content (mmol/l) Skin sodium content (mmol/l) OD (μmol) r=0.402, p=0.003 r=0.299, p=0.033 ID (μmol) r=0.265, p=0.058 r=0.202, p=0.154 WT (μm) r=0.402, p=0.003 r=0.313, p=0.026 WLR r=0.247, p=0.078 r=0.171, p=0.230 WCSA (μm2) r=0.417, p=0.002 r=0.322, p=0.021 Conclusion With the novel 23Na-MRI technology, we could demonstrate that high tissue sodium concentration is linked to with hypertrophic vascular remodeling of retinal arterioles. Thus, the reduction of tissue sodium content may emerge as a therapeutic target.

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Tissue Sodium Content is Elevated in the Skin and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Women with Lipedema

Obesity ◽

10.1002/oby.22090 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 310-317 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Rachelle Crescenzi ◽

Adriana Marton ◽

Paula M.C. Donahue ◽

Helen B. Mahany ◽

Sarah K. Lants ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽

Sodium Content ◽

Subcutaneous Adipose ◽

Tissue Sodium

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Optimizing the Calcium Content of a Copolymer Acrylamide Gel Matrix for Dark-grown Seedlings

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.123.6.1107 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 123 (6) ◽

pp. 1107-1111

Author(s):

Patricia Newton Myers ◽

Cary A. Mitchell

Keyword(s):

Calcium Content ◽

Sodium Content ◽

Elongation Rate ◽

Normal Plant ◽

Short Term ◽

Soybean Seedlings ◽

Good Potential ◽

Hypocotyl Tissue ◽

Water Holding ◽

Tissue Sodium

A copolymer acrylamide acrylate gel was investigated as the sole root matrix for dark-grown seedlings of soybean (Glycine max Merr. `Century 84'). Increasing Ca2+ in the hydrating solution of the hydrogel from 1 to 10 mm decreased its water-holding capacity from 97 to 46 mL·g-1, yet water potential of the medium remained high, sufficient for normal plant growth at all Ca2+ concentrations tested. Elongation rate of dark-grown soybean seedlings over a 54-hour period was 0.9, 1.5, and 1.8 mm·h-1 with 1.0, 2.5, or 5.0 mm Ca2+, respectively, but did not increase with further increases in Ca2+ concentration. Further study revealed that Na+ was released from the hydrogel medium and was taken up by the seedlings as Ca2+ increased in the medium. In dry hypocotyl tissue, sodium content correlated negatively with calcium content. Despite the presence of Na+ in the hydrogel, seedling growth was normal when adequate Ca2+ was added in the hydrating solution. Acrylamide hydrogels hold good potential as a sole growth matrix for short-term experiments with dark-grown seedlings without irrigation.

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EFFECT OF SODIUM RESTRICTION AND EXPERIMENTAL NEPHROSIS ON TISSUE SPACES AND TISSUE SODIUM DISTRIBUTION IN THE RAT

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0250323 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 323-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P. J. LEONARD

Keyword(s):

Sodium Content ◽

Abdominal Muscle ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Absolute Amount ◽

Total Water ◽

Aldosterone Secretion ◽

Tissue Water ◽

Extracellular Sodium ◽

Total Tissue ◽

Tissue Sodium

SUMMARY Aldosterone secretion is increased in rats on a diet low in sodium content or in rats with nephrosis induced by administration of an aminonucleoside. Distributions of water and sodium in heart, liver, adrenals and abdominal muscle were compared in nephrotic rats, sodium-restricted rats and rats maintained on a normal diet. In nephrotic animals total tissue sodium increased significantly in liver, heart and abdominal muscle and was associated with increased intracellular sodium (both absolute amount and concentration) in these tissues as well as in the adrenals; extracellular sodium decreased in heart and adrenals and increased in abdominal muscle. In nephrotic rats increased total tissue water in liver and abdominal muscle was associated with increased extracellular water while increased total water in adrenals was accompanied by increased intracellular water. The results in sodium-restricted rats were similar to those in nephrotic rats except that no changes were found in abdominal muscle and that water content of liver was unchanged.

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THE SGLT2 INHIBITOR EMPAGLIFLOZIN REDUCES TISSUE SODIUM CONTENT IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC HEART FAILURE

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0735-1097(21)01944-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 77 (18) ◽

pp. 585

Author(s):

Julie Kolwelter ◽

Dennis Kannenkeril ◽

Peter Linz ◽

Susanne Jung ◽

Armin M. Nagel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Chronic Heart Failure ◽

Sglt2 Inhibitor ◽

Sodium Content ◽

Tissue Sodium

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Abstract 12895: Tissue Sodium Content Increases With Severity of Chronic Heart Failure

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.12895 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Julie Kolwelter ◽

Armin Nagel ◽

Dennis Kannenkeril ◽

Agnes Bosch ◽

Kristina Striepe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Chronic Heart Failure ◽

Nyha Class ◽

Sglt2 Inhibitor ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Urinary Sodium Excretion ◽

Sodium Content ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Plasma Sodium ◽

Tissue Sodium

Introduction: Heart failure is strongly linked to renal sodium and water retention as well as intravascular and interstitial fluid shifts. Experimental studies demonstrated a non-osmotic sodium storage, bound to proteoglycans, in the extravascular space. New sodium magnetic resonance imaging ( 23 Na-MRI) enables us to quantify tissue (muscle and skin) sodium content in a reliable and accurate way. Hypothesis: We hypothesised that the increase of tissue sodium content is dependent on the severity of chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods: We investigated patients with stable CHF before initiating treatment with an SGLT2-inhibitor within a prospective, placebo-controlled study. We here report the baseline data of 64 patients with CHF, defined as patients with reduced (HFrEF) or mid-range ejection fraction (HFmEF). In each patient, tissue sodium content of the lower leg was assessed non-invasively by a clinical 3.0T 23 Na-MRI. The median NT-proBNP plasma level at baseline was 493.3pg/ml (IQR: 225.8-1122.0pg/ml) and was used as cut off value of CHF severity. Results: Our patients (men: n=54) were 66.9±8.9 years old and had NYHA class II-III; mean muscle sodium content was 19.1±3.8mmol/l and mean skin sodium content was 22.5±5.9mmol/l. Our reference for young healthy subjects are 18.7±2.0 mmol/l for muscle sodium content and 19.6±3.1 mmol/l for skin sodium content. Patients with CHF and NT-proBNP levels above the median showed higher muscle (20.2±3.5 vs 17.9±3.7mmol/l, p=0.008) and skin sodium content (24.1±6.8 vs 20.8±4.4mmol/l, p=0.005) than patients with CHF and NT-proBNP levels below the median. No difference in plasma sodium levels between the two groups (138.0±3.7 vs 138.8±2.1mmol/l, p=0.527) was observed, but patients with NT-proBNP levels above the median had lower urinary sodium excretion over 24 hours (167.0±78.8 vs 172.3±63.4mmol/l, p=0.009). Age was different in the two groups (69.88±8.2 vs 63.8±8.7, p<0.001) with no difference in gender. The number of diagnosed coronary heart disease was similar in the two groups (62.5% vs 59.4%, p=0.802). Conclusion: Concluding, tissue sodium content in patients with stable CHF as assessed by 23 Na-MRI increases with the severity of CHF. A decrease of tissue sodium content might be a future therapeutic goal.

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SGLT-2-Inhibition with dapagliflozin reduces tissue sodium content

Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1601615 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (S 01) ◽

pp. S1-S84

Author(s):

MV Karg ◽

C Ott ◽

P Linz ◽

A Jumar ◽

K Striepe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sodium Content ◽

Tissue Sodium

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Tissue Sodium Content and Arterial Hypertension in Obese Adolescents

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8122036 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 2036

Author(s):

Sophie Roth ◽

Lajos Markó ◽

Anna Birukov ◽

Anja Hennemuth ◽

Peter Kühnen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Arterial Hypertension ◽

Transition To Adulthood ◽

Sodium Content ◽

Triceps Surae ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Obese Adolescents ◽

Tissue Sodium ◽

23Na Mri

Early-onset obesity is known to culminate in type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension and subsequent cardiovascular disease. The role of sodium (Na+) homeostasis in this process is incompletely understood, yet correlations between Na+ accumulation and hypertension have been observed in adults. We aimed to investigate these associations in adolescents. A cohort of 32 adolescents (13–17 years), comprising 20 obese patients, of whom 11 were hypertensive, as well as 12 age-matched controls, underwent 23Na-MRI of the left lower leg with a standard clinical 3T scanner. Median triceps surae muscle Na+ content in hypertensive obese (11.95 mmol/L [interquartile range 11.62–13.66]) was significantly lower than in normotensive obese (13.63 mmol/L [12.97–17.64]; p = 0.043) or controls (15.37 mmol/L [14.12–16.08]; p = 0.012). No significant differences were found between normotensive obese and controls. Skin Na+ content in hypertensive obese (13.33 mmol/L [11.53–14.22] did not differ to normotensive obese (14.12 mmol/L [13.15–15.83]) or controls (11.48 mmol/L [10.48–12.80]), whereas normotensive obese had higher values compared to controls (p = 0.004). Arterial hypertension in obese adolescents is associated with low muscle Na+ content. These findings suggest an early dysregulation of Na+ homeostasis in cardiometabolic disease. Further research is needed to determine whether this association is causal and how it evolves in the transition to adulthood.

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Tissue sodium stores in peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients determined by 23-sodium magnetic resonance imaging

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation ◽

10.1093/ndt/gfaa350 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Melis Sahinoz ◽

Supisara Tintara ◽

Serpil Muge Deger ◽

Aseel Alsouqi ◽

Rachelle L Crescenzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Sodium Content ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Dialysis Patients ◽

Sodium Accumulation ◽

Tissue Sodium

Abstract Background Tissue sodium content in patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) were previously explored using 23Sodium magnetic resonance imaging (23NaMRI). Larger studies would provide a better understanding of sodium stores in patients on dialysis as well as the factors influencing this sodium accumulation. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we quantified the calf muscle and skin sodium content in 162 subjects (10 PD, 33 MHD patients, and 119 controls) using 23NaMRI. Plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were measured to assess systemic inflammation. Sixty-four subjects had repeat 23NaMRI scans that were analyzed to assess the repeatability of the 23NaMRI measurements. Results Patients on MHD and PD exhibited significantly higher muscle and skin sodium accumulation compared to controls. African American patients on dialysis exhibited greater muscle and skin sodium content compared to non-African Americans. Multivariable analysis showed that older age was associated with both higher muscle and skin sodium. Male sex was also associated with increased skin sodium deposition. Greater ultrafiltration was associated with lower skin sodium in patients on PD (Spearman’s rho=-0.68, P = 0.035). Higher plasma IL-6 and hsCRP levels correlated with increased muscle and skin sodium content in the overall study population. Patients with higher baseline tissue sodium content exhibited greater variability in tissue sodium stores on repeat measurements. Conclusions Our findings highlight greater muscle and skin sodium content in dialysis patients compared to controls without kidney disease. Tissue sodium deposition and systemic inflammation seen in dialysis patients might influence one another bidirectionally.

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