The mutant mouse staggerer (sg) harbors a deletion within the gene encoding the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-α (RORα). Homozygotes show aberrant cerebellar development. However, the mechanisms responsible for the cerebellar defect are still poorly understood. In the present study, the involvement of neurotropins (NTs), including nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotropic factor, NT-3 and NT-4/5, and their receptors, which play a crucial role in brain development, on the cerebellar defects of sg mice was studied by semiquantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization histochemistry. An evident alteration of these mRNA levels was observed in both heterozygotes and homozygotes. Such difference was most evident in the internal granule cell layer. Because the changes in NT expression as well as morphological alterations in sg cerebellum are similar to those in hypothyroid animals, the effect of mutant RORα (RORsg) on transcriptional regulation through the thyroid hormone (TH) response element or the ROR response element (RORE) was then studied. RORsg neither activated the transcription through RORE nor suppressed RORα-induced transcription, indicating that it does not function as a dominant negative inhibitor. On the other hand, although wild-type RORα augmented TH receptor (TR)α1/β1-mediated transcription through various TH response elements, RORsg was not effective in augmenting TR action. These results suggest that the cerebellar defect of the sg mouse is partly caused by the altered expression of NTs and the lack of augmentation of TR-mediated transcription by RORα as well as the absence of RORα action through RORE.
The Regulation of Retinoic Acid Receptor mRNA Levels during Spermatogenesis
