scholarly journals Heritability of cervical spinal cord structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. e401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Solstrand Dahlberg ◽  
Olivia Viessmann ◽  
Clas Linnman
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Human Connectome Project ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
General Physical

ObjectiveMeasures of spinal cord structure can be a useful phenotype to track disease severity and development; this observational study measures the hereditability of cervical spinal cord anatomy and its correlates in healthy human beings.MethodsTwin data from the Human Connectome Project were analyzed with semiautomated spinal cord segmentation, evaluating test-retest reliability and broad-sense heritability with an AE model. Relationships between spinal cord metrics, general physical measures, regional brain structural measures, and motor function were assessed.ResultsWe found that the spinal cord C2 cross-sectional area (CSA), left-right width (LRW), and anterior-posterior width (APW) are highly heritable (85%–91%). All measures were highly correlated with the brain volume, and CSA only was positively correlated with thalamic volumes (p = 0.005) but negatively correlated with the occipital cortex area (p = 0.001). LRW was correlated with the participant's height (p = 0.00027). The subjects' sex significantly influenced these metrics. Analyses of a test-retest data set confirmed validity of the approach.ConclusionsThis study provides the evidence of genetic influence on spinal cord structure. MRI metrics of cervical spinal cord anatomy are robust and not easily influenced by nonpathological environmental factors, providing a useful metric for monitoring normal development and progression of neurodegenerative disorders affecting the spinal cord, including—but not limited to—spinal cord injury and MS.

Chronic pain experience and pain management in persons with spinal cord injury in Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201
Author(s):  
Sagun Thapa ◽  
Luppana Kitrungrote ◽  
Jintana Damkliang
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Management ◽  
Community Context ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Pain Experience ◽  
Pain Medications ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Background and aims: Chronic pain is the frequent and significantly challenging complications in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). Socio-cultural background may lead people perceive and manage pain differently. The study aims to describe the chronic pain experience and pain management of SCI persons in Nepal. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among purposively selected sample of 120 SCI persons with chronic pain living in the eight districts of Bagmati Zone of Nepal. The data were collected using the International Spinal Cord Injury Pain Basic Data Set Version 2 (ISCIPBDS-2) and Open-ended Pain Management Questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis method. Results: The back (n=84), lower legs/feet (n=63) and buttocks/hips (n=51) was found as the common pain locations. In common, the onset of pain was found within the first 6 month of the injury. Overall pain intensity and pain interference were found to be at the moderate level. The SCI persons used pain medications and non-pharmacological pain management. Ibuprofen was the commonly used pain medication and commonly used non-pharmacological pain management methods included physical support (e.g. massage, exercise), relaxation (e.g. distraction, substance abuse), coping (e.g. acceptance, praying), and traditional herbs. Conclusions: SCI persons had chronic pain experience which interfered with their daily living. They used pain medications and non-pharmacological pain management methods based on their beliefs, knowledge, and community resources in Nepal. Implications: This study provides some evidence to help the team of rehabilitation professional to plan and help SCI persons with chronic pain. Based on these findings, chronic pain management intervention for SCI persons should be developed and supported continuously from hospital to home based community context of Nepal.

scholarly journals Reliability of Evaluation of the Craniocervical Junction by XR, CT and MRI in Patients with Genetic Skeletal Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cunha Júnior AL ◽  
◽  
Silva Champs AP ◽  
Meirelles Mello C ◽  
Barduco Carvalho CM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Craniocervical Junction ◽  
Os Odontoideum ◽  
Imaging Method ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Ct And Mri

Background: Craniocervical Junction (CCJ) imaging interpretation in patients with Genetic Skeletal Disorders (GSDs) is challenging due to bone tissue disorganization. CCJ abnormalities and spinal cord compression present potential risks. Purpose: To describe and compare CCJ measurements in patients with GSDs using XR, CT and MRI. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational and analytical study prospectively included 287 participants. Clinical evaluation, spine XR, CCJ dynamic CT, and brain and spinal cord MRI data were recorded. The participants were separated into groups with and without cervical Spinal Cord Injury (cSCI). Three craniometry measurements were performed with each imaging method, and the reliability and reproducibility were analyzed. Results: cSCI was identified in 4.5%. Spinal canal stenosis at C2 (78.8%), a narrowed foramen magnum (12,5%), os odontoideum (5.9%), ventral cervicomedullary encroachment by the odontoid (20.2%), and basilar impression/invagination (12.9%) were associated with an increased chance of cSCI. CT showed the highest accuracy for bone abnormality diagnoses. The cutoff points for the spinal canal to diagnose cSCI were 17.3 mm with XR, 12.9 mm with CT and 10.4 mm with MRI. Conclusion: CT showed good reliability and reproducibility in evaluating the CCJ in GSDs. XR presented more limitations but provided complementary data to MRI.

scholarly journals Quality of Life and Activities of Daily Living among Patients with Complete Cervical Spinal Cord Injury and Surgical Treatment in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9703
Author(s):  
Nguyen Le Bao Tien ◽  
Vo Van Thanh ◽  
Khuc Thi Hong Hanh ◽  
Pham Gia Anh ◽  
Le Thi Minh Huyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is defined as temporary or permanent changes in spinal cord function and reflex activity. The objective of this study is to evaluate health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and activities of daily living (ADL) among postoperative surgery patients with complete cervical SCI in Vietnam and to explore the factors associated with these indices. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 88 adults in Vietnam from June 2018 to June 2019. The EQ-5D-5L, ADL, and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) were applied. Multivariate Tobit regression was adopted to determine factors that were associated with HRQOL, ADL, and IADL. Results: Participants who were in American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) scale group A (ASIA-A) had the lowest ADL, IADL index, and HRQOL score (p < 0.001). HRQoL and ADL were affected by health insurance coverage, occupation, type of fracture, and IADL. Meanwhile, IADL was significantly associated with living areas and ASIA. Low HRQoL among patients suffering from SCI was observed. Attention should be given to outcomes related to a disability during clinical treatment and should be treated effectively in the recovery.

scholarly journals Effects of cervical rotatory manipulation on the cervical spinal cord: a finite element study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Xue ◽  
Zujiang Chen ◽  
Han Yang ◽  
Taijun Chen ◽  
Yikai Li
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Cord Injury

Abstract Background Little information is available concerning the biomechanism involved in the spinal cord injury after cervical rotatory manipulation (CRM). The primary purpose of this study was to explore the biomechanical and kinematic effects of CRM on a healthy spinal cord. Methods A finite element (FE) model of the basilaris cranii, C1–C7 vertebral bodies, nerve root complex and vertebral canal contents was constructed and validated against in vivo and in vitro published data. The FE model simulated CRM in the flexion, extension and neutral positions. The stress distribution, forma and relative position of the spinal cord were observed. Results Lower von Mises stress was observed on the spinal cord after CRM in the flexion position. The spinal cord in CRM in the flexion and neutral positions had a lower sagittal diameter and cross-sectional area. In addition, the spinal cord was anteriorly positioned after CRM in the flexion position, while the spinal cord was posteriorly positioned after CRM in the extension and neutral positions. Conclusion CRM in the flexion position is less likely to injure the spinal cord, but caution is warranted when posterior vertebral osteophytes or disc herniations exist.

scholarly journals Restoration of breathing after opioid overdose and spinal cord injury using temporal interference stimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Sunshine ◽  
Antonino M. Cassarà ◽  
Esra Neufeld ◽  
Nir Grossman ◽  
Thomas H. Mareci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Drug Overdose ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Electrode Position ◽  
Spinal Motor Neurons ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Low Amplitude

AbstractRespiratory insufficiency is a leading cause of death due to drug overdose or neuromuscular disease. We hypothesized that a stimulation paradigm using temporal interference (TI) could restore breathing in such conditions. Following opioid overdose in rats, two high frequency (5000 Hz and 5001 Hz), low amplitude waveforms delivered via intramuscular wires in the neck immediately activated the diaphragm and restored ventilation in phase with waveform offset (1 Hz or 60 breaths/min). Following cervical spinal cord injury (SCI), TI stimulation via dorsally placed epidural electrodes uni- or bilaterally activated the diaphragm depending on current and electrode position. In silico modeling indicated that an interferential signal in the ventral spinal cord predicted the evoked response (left versus right diaphragm) and current-ratio-based steering. We conclude that TI stimulation can activate spinal motor neurons after SCI and prevent fatal apnea during drug overdose by restoring ventilation with minimally invasive electrodes.

scholarly journals An Inertial Measurement Unit-Based Wireless System for Shoulder Motion Assessment in Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury: A Validation Pilot Study in a Clinical Setting

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1057
Author(s):  
Riccardo Bravi ◽  
Stefano Caputo ◽  
Sara Jayousi ◽  
Alessio Martinelli ◽  
Lorenzo Biotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Clinical Setting ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Cervical Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Inertial Measurement ◽  
Cord Injury

Residual motion of upper limbs in individuals who experienced cervical spinal cord injury (CSCI) is vital to achieve functional independence. Several interventions were developed to restore shoulder range of motion (ROM) in CSCI patients. However, shoulder ROM assessment in clinical practice is commonly limited to use of a simple goniometer. Conventional goniometric measurements are operator-dependent and require significant time and effort. Therefore, innovative technology for supporting medical personnel in objectively and reliably measuring the efficacy of treatments for shoulder ROM in CSCI patients would be extremely desirable. This study evaluated the validity of a customized wireless wearable sensors (Inertial Measurement Units—IMUs) system for shoulder ROM assessment in CSCI patients in clinical setting. Eight CSCI patients and eight healthy controls performed four shoulder movements (forward flexion, abduction, and internal and external rotation) with dominant arm. Every movement was evaluated with a goniometer by different testers and with the IMU system at the same time. Validity was evaluated by comparing IMUs and goniometer measurements using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) and Limits of Agreement (LOA). inter-tester reliability of IMUs and goniometer measurements was also investigated. Preliminary results provide essential information on the accuracy of the proposed wireless wearable sensors system in acquiring objective measurements of the shoulder movements in CSCI patients.

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