Brain amyloid load and its associations with cognition and vascular risk factors in FINGER Study

Neurology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. e206-e213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Kemppainen ◽  
Jarkko Johansson ◽  
Jarmo Teuho ◽  
Riitta Parkkola ◽  
Juho Joutsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Domain ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Amyloid Load

ObjectiveTo investigate brain amyloid pathology in a dementia-risk population defined as cardiovascular risk factors, aging, and dementia risk (CAIDE) score of at least 6 but with normal cognition and to examine associations between brain amyloid load and cognitive performance and vascular risk factors.MethodsA subgroup of 48 individuals from the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) main study participated in brain11C-Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-PET imaging, brain MRI, and neuropsychological assessment at the beginning of the study. Lifestyle/vascular risk factors were determined as body mass index, blood pressure, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose homeostasis model assessment. White matter lesions were visually rated from MRIs by a semiquantitative Fazekas score.ResultsTwenty participants (42%) had a positive PiB-PET on visual analysis. The PiB-positive group performed worse in executive functioning tests, included more participants withAPOEε4 allele (50%), and showed slightly better glucose homeostasis compared to PiB-negative participants. PiB-positive and -negative participants did not differ significantly in other cognitive domain scores or other vascular risk factors. There was no significant difference in Fazekas score between the PiB groups.ConclusionsThe high percentage of PiB-positive participants provides evidence of a successful recruitment process of the at-risk population in the main FINGER intervention trial. The results suggest a possible association between early brain amyloid accumulation and decline in executive functions.APOEε4 was clearly associated with amyloid positivity, but no other risk factor was found to be associated with positive PiB-PET.

Abstract WP116: Patterns of Vascular Calcification in Young Patients With Intracranial Stenosis

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Strohm ◽  
Irene Katzan ◽  
Ken Uchino
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Intracranial Stenosis ◽  
Intracranial Calcification ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Atherosclerotic Stenosis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Determine Mechanism

Introduction: Intravascular calcification is thought to be a marker of atherosclerosis in patients with stenosis and vascular risk factors. Little is known about the utility of quantifying intracranial calcification to help determine mechanism of stenosis. The objective of our study was to compare presence and patterns of intracranial calcification in patients with intracranial stenosis due to atherosclerosis and other etiologies. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 89 patients < 50 years with diagnosis of intracranial stenosis who had undergone CT angiogram from 2008-2013; 44 had presumed atherosclerosis as etiology ( > 3 vascular risk factors with no other identified cause). CTAs were reviewed for presence and location of intracranial calcification. Results: Of patients with atherosclerotic stenosis, 28 (64%) had intravascular calcification compared to 16 (36%) of those with stenosis of other etiologies (P=0.0039). There was no significant difference in pattern or location of stenosis between groups. One-third had calcification outside the region of stenosis in both groups. Distal internal carotid artery and distal vertebral artery were the most common sites of intracranial calcification (Table). Conclusion: Intracranial calcification is more commonly seen in patients < 50 years old with stenosis secondary to atherosclerosis, but the pattern and location was similar between groups. More research is needed to determine the utility of using the presence of vascular calcification to help determine mechanism of intracranial stenosis in the young.

CARE MANAGEMENT TO PROMOTE TREATMENT ADHERENCE IN PATIENTS WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT AND VASCULAR RISK FACTORS: A DEMONSTRATION PROJECT

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
L.M. Bonner ◽  
A. Hanson ◽  
G. Robinson ◽  
E. Lowy ◽  
S. Craft
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Care Management ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Management Intervention ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Prevention ◽  
Management Protocol

Dementia prevention is highly important. Improved control of vascular risk factors has the potential to decrease dementia risk, but may be difficult. Therefore, we developed and piloted a care management protocol for Veterans at risk for dementia. We enrolled 32 Veterans with diabetes and hypertension, at least one of which was poorly controlled, and cognitive impairment. Participants were randomly assigned to a 6-month care management intervention or to usual care. At enrollment, 6-months and 12-months, we assessed cognitive performance, mood, and diabetes and hypertension control. At follow-up, diastolic blood pressure was lower in intervention participants at 6 months (p=.041) and 12 months (p=.022); hemoglobin A1c, global mental status and mood did not differ between groups. Recall of a distractor list (p=.006) and logical memory long-delay recall (p=.036) were better at 6 months in the intervention group (p=.006). Care management may contribute to improved control of dementia risk factors.

scholarly journals Study of the positivity of spontaneous and directed diagnosis of leukoaraiosis in the elderly by cranial computerized tomography, and its correlation with cognitive defi cit and cardiovascular risk factors

2007 ◽  
Vol 65 (4b) ◽  
pp. 1134-1138
Author(s):  
Mauricio de Miranda Ventura ◽  
Antonio Carlos de Paiva Melo ◽  
Henrique Carrete Jr ◽  
Ricardo Vieira Botelho
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Tests ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cranial Computerized Tomography

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of leukoaraiosis (LA) and its correlation with vascular risk factors and the cognitive performance of elderly patients. METHOD: 78 patients were randomly selected and submitted to clinic-laboratorial evaluation for vascular risk factors. Two cognitive tests were performed. All patients were submitted to cranial computerized tomography (CT), which was analyzed in two situations: the spontaneous and the directed way. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of spontaneous and the directed diagnoses of LA (20.5 and 18%, respectively). The presence of LA was not significantly correlated with cognitive impairment. Only age was positively associated with LA. CONCLUSION: Cranial CT is a trustworthy method for the diagnosis of LA. Only age showed a positive association. No clinical implications were found, concerning the cognitive performance of the patients.

scholarly journals Localization of white-matter lesions and effect of vascular risk factors in late-onset major depression

2009 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1389-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Dalby ◽  
M. M. Chakravarty ◽  
J. Ahdidan ◽  
L. Sørensen ◽  
J. Frandsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Lesion Load ◽  
Significant Difference

BackgroundSeveral studies suggest that patients with late-onset major depression (MD) have an increased load of cerebral white-matter lesions (WMLs) compared with age-matched controls. Vascular risk factors such as hypertension and smoking may confound such findings. Our aim was to investigate the association between the localization and load of WMLs in late-onset MD with respect to vascular risk factors.MethodWe examined 22 consecutive patients with late-onset first-episode MD and 22 age- and gender-matched controls using whole-brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The localization, number and volume of WMLs were compared between patients and controls, while testing the effect of vascular risk factors.ResultsAmong subjects with one or more WMLs, patients displayed a significantly higher WML density in two white-matter tracts: the left superior longitudinal fasciculus and the right frontal projections of the corpus callosum. These tracts are part of circuitries essential for cognitive and emotional functions. Analyses revealed no significant difference in the total number and volume of WMLs between groups. Patients and controls showed no difference in vascular risk factors, except for smoking. Lesion load was highly correlated with smoking.ConclusionsOur results indicate that lesion localization rather than lesion load differs between patients with late-onset MD and controls. Increased lesion density in regions associated with cognitive and emotional functions may be crucial in late-onset MD, and vascular risk factors such as smoking may play an important role in the pathophysiology of late-onset MD, consistent with the vascular depression hypothesis.

scholarly journals Hypertension and Hypercholesterolemia Modify Dementia Risk in Relation to APOE ɛ4 Status

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jagan A. Pillai ◽  
Kou Lei ◽  
James Bena ◽  
Lisa Penn ◽  
James B. Leverenz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Onset

Background: There is significant interest in understanding the role of modifiable vascular risk factors contributing to dementia risk across age groups. Objective: Risk of dementia onset was assessed in relation to vascular risk factors of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia among cognitively normal APOE ɛ4 carriers and non-carriers. Methods: In a sample of prospectively characterized longitudinal cohort from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center database, 9,349 participants met criteria for normal cognition at baseline, had a CDR-Global (CDR-G) score of zero, and had concomitant data on APOE ɛ4 status and medical co-morbidities including histories of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for well-known potential confounders were used to compare dementia onset among APOE ɛ4 carriers and non-carriers by young (≤65 years) and old (>  65 year) age groups. Results: 519 participants converted to dementia within an average follow up of 5.97 years. Among older APOE ɛ4 carriers, hypercholesterolemia was related to lower risk of dementia (HR (95% CI), 0.68 (0.49–0.94), p = 0.02). Among older APOE ɛ4 non-carriers, hypertension was related to higher risk of dementia (HR (95% CI), 1.44 (1.13–1.82), p = 0.003). These results were corroborated among a subset with autopsy data characterizing underlying neuropathology. Among younger participants, vascular risk factors did not impact dementia risk, likely from a lower frequency of vascular and Alzheimer’s as etiologies of dementia among this cohort. Conclusion: A history of hypercholesterolemia related to a lower risk of dementia among older APOE ɛ4 carriers, while hypertension related to a higher risk of dementia among older APOE ɛ4 non-carriers.

Impact of vascular risk factors on 10-year absolute risk of dementia – risk charts for targeted prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 315 ◽  
pp. e22
Author(s):  
I.J. Rasmussen ◽  
K.L. Rasmussen ◽  
B. Nordestgaard ◽  
A. Tybjærg-Hansen ◽  
R. Frikke-Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Targeted Prevention ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Risk Charts

P2-188: Gender-specific midlife dementia risk: The differential role of long-term vascular risk factors

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (4S_Part_9) ◽  
pp. P323-P324
Author(s):  
Lieza Exalto ◽  
Charles Quesenberry ◽  
Geert Jan Biessels ◽  
Jufen Zhou ◽  
Rachel Whitmer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Gender Specific

Association Between Plasma Trans-Fatty Acid Concentrations and Measures of Glucose Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Adults in NHANES 1999-2000

Angiology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 630-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsen Mazidi ◽  
Arrigo F. Cicero ◽  
Andre Pascal Kengne ◽  
Maciej Banach
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Significant Difference

There is limited evidence on the association between plasma trans-fatty acids (TFAs) and cardiometabolic risk factors. Therefore, we examined the association between plasma TFA concentrations and glucose homeostasis and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors in adult Americans from the 1999 to 2000 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants. Derivatized TFAs were separated by capillary gas chromatography. Of the 1678 participants, 46.5% were men. The mean age was 50.5 years overall, with no significant difference between men and women ( P = .101). In age-, sex- and race-adjusted analyses, mean waist circumference, fat-free mass, fat mass, C-peptide, insulin, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), serum triglycerides (TGs), and total cholesterol (TC) increased across increasing quarters of TFAs (for all P < .001), while mean serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased across increasing quarters of plasma TFAs ( P < .001). In multivariable adjusted linear regressions, there remained significant positive associations between all plasma TFAs and body mass index, waist circumference, fat-free mass, fat mass, C-peptide, insulin, fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, HbA1c, TGs, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and TC ( P < .001). In conclusion, our findings support a possible association between plasma TFAs concentrations and measures of glucose homeostasis and several CV risk factors.

scholarly journals Risk factors of the first stroke

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinisa Djuricic ◽  
Rabi Zikic ◽  
Milorad Zikic
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Vascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Common Risk Factor ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction. This study was aimed at investigating the vascular risk factors associated with the first stroke. It highlighted unfavorable trends in stroke mortality in the region gravitating towards the general hospital in Doboj. Material and Methods. The study included all patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of first stroke and their main vascular risk factors were explored, both in terms of their importance in the occurrence of stroke, and in terms of gender and age lines. The research results were statistically processed, analyzed and commented on. Results. The most common risk factor for the first stroke included hypertension (70%), smoking (35%), heart diseases (28%), diabetes mellitus (28%), hyperlipoproteinemia (26%), atrial fibrillation (18.5%) and immoderate consumption of alcohol (17%). Conclusion. The presence of vascular risk factors in the majority of patients is important, and at least one of them was present in 80% of patients. Alcohol consumption, smoking and hyperlipoproteinemia were significantly more freqeunt in men, and atrial fibrillation was more frequent in women. Arterial hypertension, heart disease and diabetes mellitus were present in both sexes without a significant difference.

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