Occipital cortex and cerebellum gray matter changes in visual snow syndrome

ObjectiveTo determine whether regional gray and white matter differences characterize the brain of patients with visual snow syndrome, a newly defined neurologic condition, we used a voxel-based morphometry approach.MethodsIn order to investigate whole brain morphology directly, we performed an MRI study on patients with visual snow syndrome (n = 24) and on age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (n = 24). Voxel-based morphometry was used to determine volumetric differences in patients with visual snow. We further analyzed cerebellar anatomy directly using the high-resolution spatially unbiased atlas template of the cerebellum.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, patients with visual snow syndrome had increased gray matter volume in the left primary and secondary visual cortices, the left visual motion area V5, and the left cerebellar crus I/lobule VI area. These anatomical alterations could not be explained by clinical features of the condition.ConclusionPatients with visual snow syndrome have subtle, significant neuroanatomical differences in key visual and lateral cerebellar areas, which may in part explain the pathophysiologic basis of the disorder.

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Regional Gray Matter Volume Differences Between Adolescents With ADHD and Typically Developing Controls: Further Evidence for Anterior Cingulate Involvement

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054715619682 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 627-638 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Björn Bonath ◽

Jana Tegelbeckers ◽

Marko Wilke ◽

Hans-Henning Flechtner ◽

Kerstin Krauel

Keyword(s):

Gray Matter ◽

Matched Control ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Occipital Cortex ◽

Individual Performance ◽

Attention Problems ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Typically Developing ◽

Voxel Based Morphometry ◽

Matter Volume

Objective: The present study investigated structural brain differences between adolescents with ADHD and matched control participants. Method: Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) using the DARTEL approach was performed to assess regional gray matter (GM) volumes. Additionally, individual performance on tests of attention was recorded to correlate ADHD related cognitive impairments with regional gray matter abnormalities. Results: We found significantly smaller GM volume in subjects with ADHD compared to their matched controls within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the occipital cortex, bilateral hippocampus/amygdala and in widespread cerebellar regions. Further, reductions of the ACC gray matter volume were found to correlate with scores of selective inattention. Conclusion: These findings underline that structural alterations in a widespread cortico-subcortical network seem to underlie the observable attention problems in patients with ADHD.

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P.1.e.032 Gray matter volume reduction in right middle temporal gyrus and orbitofrontal cortex in panic disorder – a voxel-based morphometry MRI study

European Neuropsychopharmacology ◽

10.1016/s0924-977x(09)70476-6 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 ◽

pp. S318-S319

Author(s):

T. Sobanski ◽

G. Wagner ◽

G. Peikert ◽

U. Gruhn ◽

R.G. Schlosser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Panic Disorder ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Volume Reduction ◽

Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽

Voxel Based Morphometry ◽

Middle Temporal ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Mri Study

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Reproducibility of Brain Volume Changes in Longitudinal Voxel-Based Morphometry Between Non-Accelerated and Accelerated Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Journal of Alzheimer s Disease ◽

10.3233/jad-210596 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Hidemasa Takao ◽

Shiori Amemiya ◽

Osamu Abe ◽

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Elderly Subjects ◽

Voxel Based Morphometry ◽

Volume Changes ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Healthy Elderly

Background: Scan acceleration techniques, such as parallel imaging, can reduce scan times, but reliability is essential to implement these techniques in neuroimaging. Objective: To evaluate the reproducibility of the longitudinal changes in brain morphology determined by longitudinal voxel-based morphometry (VBM) between non-accelerated and accelerated magnetic resonance images (MRI) in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: Using data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) 2 database, comprising subjects who underwent non-accelerated and accelerated structural T1-weighted MRI at screening and at a 2-year follow-up on 3.0 T Philips scanners, we examined the reproducibility of longitudinal gray matter volume changes determined by longitudinal VBM processing between non-accelerated and accelerated imaging in 50 healthy elderly subjects, 54 MCI patients, and eight AD patients. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) maps differed among the three groups. The mean ICC was 0.72 overall (healthy elderly, 0.63; MCI, 0.75; AD, 0.63), and the ICC was good to excellent (0.6–1.0) for 81.4%of voxels (healthy elderly, 64.8%; MCI, 85.0%; AD, 65.0%). The differences in image quality (head motion) were not significant (Kruskal–Wallis test, p = 0.18) and the within-subject standard deviations of longitudinal gray matter volume changes were similar among the groups. Conclusion: The results indicate that the reproducibility of longitudinal gray matter volume changes determined by VBM between non-accelerated and accelerated MRI is good to excellent for many regions but may vary between diseases and regions.

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Gray matter volume covariance networks are associated with altered emotional processing in bipolar disorder: a source-based morphometry study

Brain Imaging and Behavior ◽

10.1007/s11682-021-00541-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alessandro Miola ◽

Nicolò Trevisan ◽

Arcangelo Merola ◽

Francesco Folena Comini ◽

Daniele Olivo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bipolar Disorder ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Emotional Processing ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Occipital Cortex ◽

Type I ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Visuospatial Processing ◽

Neural Signature ◽

Structural Networks

AbstractWidespread regional gray matter volume (GMV) alterations have been reported in bipolar disorder (BD). Structural networks, which are thought to better reflect the complex multivariate organization of the brain, and their clinical and psychological function have not been investigated yet in BD. 24 patients with BD type-I (BD-I), and 30 with BD type-II (BD-II), and 45 controls underwent MRI scan. Voxel-based morphometry and source-based morphometry (SBM) were performed to extract structural covariation patterns of GMV. SBM components associated with morphometric differences were compared among diagnoses. Executive function and emotional processing correlated with morphometric characteristics. Compared to controls, BD-I showed reduced GMV in the temporo-insular-parieto-occipital cortex and in the culmen. An SBM component spanning the prefrontal-temporal-occipital network exhibited significantly lower GMV in BD-I compared to controls, but not between the other groups. The structural network covariance in BD-I was associated with the number of previous manic episodes and with worse executive performance. Compared to BD-II, BD-I showed a loss of GMV in the temporal-occipital regions, and this was correlated with impaired emotional processing. Altered prefrontal-temporal-occipital network structure could reflect a neural signature associated with visuospatial processing and problem-solving impairments as well as emotional processing and illness severity in BD-I.

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Attentional bias to threat and gray mater volume morphology in high anxious individuals

10.1101/2020.10.20.346981 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Joshua M. Carlson ◽

Lin Fang

Keyword(s):

Attentional Bias ◽

Parietal Cortex ◽

Gray Matter ◽

Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽

Gray Matter Volume ◽

Anterior Cingulate ◽

Brain Morphology ◽

Matter Volume ◽

Posterior Parietal ◽

The Right

AbstractIn a sample of highly anxious individuals, the relationship between gray matter volume brain morphology and attentional bias to threat was assessed. Participants performed a dot-probe task of attentional bias to threat and gray matter volume was acquired from whole brain structural T1-weighted MRI scans. The results replicate previous findings in unselected samples that elevated attentional bias to threat is linked to greater gray matter volume in the anterior cingulate cortex, middle frontal gyrus, and striatum. In addition, we provide novel evidence that elevated attentional bias to threat is associated with greater gray matter volume in the right posterior parietal cortex, cerebellum, and other distributed regions. Lastly, exploratory analyses provide initial evidence that distinct sub-regions of the right posterior parietal cortex may contribute to attentional bias in a sex-specific manner. Our results illuminate how differences in gray matter volume morphology relate to attentional bias to threat in anxious individuals. This knowledge could inform neurocognitive models of anxiety-related attentional bias to threat and targets of neuroplasticity in anxiety interventions such as attention bias modification.

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