Expiatory Victims of Modern Crisis

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-482
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Everton
Keyword(s):  
Upper Class ◽  
Dreyfus Affair ◽  
Dual Action ◽  
Meaning And Purpose ◽  
Theories Feministes

Abstract This article examines responses to the 1897 Bazar de la Charité fire, in which 125 people, mostly upper-class women, were killed. Observers used the Catholic doctrine of vicarious suffering to give meaning and purpose to the women's painful deaths. I focus particularly on Christian feminist Marie Maugeret's analysis of the event. Framing her interpretation of the fire in terms of her belief that society was imbalanced due to men's tyranny over women, Maugeret argued that the women's deaths offered France a chance for redemption through the dual action of Catholicism and feminism. During the Dreyfus affair, Maugeret modified her theories of women's redemptive pain to incorporate antidreyfusard men's suffering, adding nationalism to Catholicism and feminism as a redemptive force. Cet article examine les réponses catholiques, conservatrices et nationalistes à l'incendie du Bazar de la Charité de 1897, dans lequel 125 personnes sont mortes. La plupart des victimes étaient des femmes de la haute société. La doctrine catholique de la souffrance expiatoire était utilisée pour donner du sens aux décès douloureux de ces femmes. Je me concentre sur l'analyse offerte par Marie Maugeret, fondatrice du mouvement et journal Le féminisme chrétien. Maugeret comprend le désastre du point de vue d'un féminisme basé sur l'idée du déséquilibre social résultant de la tyrannie masculine et la souffrance féminine. Le catholicisme et le féminisme, selon Maugeret, sont des œuvres de rénovation sociale rendues possible par la souffrance expiatoire des mortes de l'incendie. Pendant l'affaire Dreyfus, Maugeret a modifié ses théories féministes-catholiques en intégrant la souffrance des chefs antidreyfusards afin que l'œuvre rénovatrice soit nationaliste ainsi que féministe et catholique.

Two Firms Shelve Dual-Action Diabetes Drugs

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
MIRIAM E. TUCKER
Keyword(s):  
Dual Action

The Action of an Aniline Derivative (AN 162) on Blood Coagulation and on Platelets

1971 ◽  
Vol 26 (01) ◽  
pp. 145-166
Author(s):  
E Deutsch ◽  
K Lechner ◽  
K Moser ◽  
L Stockinger
Keyword(s):  
Blood Coagulation ◽  
Citric Acid Cycle ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Aniline Derivative ◽  
Acid Cycle ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Dual Action ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Induced Aggregation

Summary1. The aniline derivative AN 162, Donau Pharmazie, Linz, Austria, has a dual action on the blood coagulation: an anticoagulant and an coagulation enhancing effect.2. The anticoagulant action may only be demonstrated with high concentrations (over 1 X 10”3 M related to plasma) preferentially in PPP. It is partially caused by an inhibition of the endogenous way of generation of the prothrombin converting principle. In addition it is suggested that it interferes with the fibrinogen-fibrin reaction in a manner not yet understood.3. The coagulant action is caused by a greater availability of platelet constituents at low concentrations of AN 162 (over 1 × 10-4 M) and by the induction of a release reaction at higher concentrations. The platelet factors 3 and 4, serotonin, adenine, and acid phosphatase are released.4. AN 162 inhibits platelet aggregation. This inhibition can be demonstrated by the PAT of Breddin and in the stirred aggregation test of Born. It is more effective to inhibit the collagen-induced and the second phase of the adrenaline-induced aggregation than the ADP induced one. The platelet retention (test of Hellem) is also reduced.5. The action of AN 162 on the platelets is caused by a damage of the platelet membrane which becomes permeabel for both, soluble platelet constitutents and granula.6. AN 162 interferes with the energy metabolism of the platelets. It causes a loss of ATP, and inhibits the key-enzymes of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, fatty acid oxydation and glutathione reduction.7. AN 162 inhibits the growth of fibroblasts without influence on mitosis.

Membangun Semangat Pendidikan dengan Puasa

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-408
Author(s):  
Muhirdan Muhirdan
Keyword(s):  
Ramadan Fasting ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Meaning And Purpose ◽  
Ofthe Word

Ramadan fasting is a mandatory worship for the faithful both men and women as well as past and later ones. Fasting during Ramadan that Allah prescribes in the Qur'an has a certain meaning and purpose. This paper will explain the meaning ofthe word 'Ramadan' and the purpose of fasting, and the meanings associated with the words ‘knowledge’ (‘ilm) described in the verses of the Quran and the Hadis of the Prophet Muhammad. This paper also aims to know about the religiosity and degrees (maqamat) that can be gained by faithful associated with worship based onknowledge. In addition, in the conduct of worship, a person needs knowledge. People who are knowledgeable and faithful will be given a higher degree by God because the knowledgeable people will obey and submit to God. Thus, it can be concluded that faith, knowledge, and worship are triangles whose sides connect and fill one another and are inseparable. Acts of kindness, noble character (amal shalih) has done by the faithful and knowledgeable can lead him to achieve the predicate of takwa as the highest degree.

Judaism and Heterogeneity in the Modernist Long Novel

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-379
Author(s):  
Jeremy Tambling
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
George Eliot ◽  
Marcel Proust ◽  
Carlos Fuentes ◽  
American Novel ◽  
Dorothy Richardson ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Dreyfus Affair ◽  
Meaningful Category ◽  
Roberto Bolano

This paper explores how Judaism is represented in non-Jewish writers of the nineteenth-century (outstandingly, Walter Scott and George Eliot) and in modernist long novels, such as those by Dorothy Richardson, Marcel Proust, James Joyce, Alfred Döblin, Robert Musil, and Thomas Mann, and, in the Latin American novel, Carlos Fuentes and Roberto Bolaño. It finds a relationship between the length of the ‘long’ novel, as a meaningful category in itself (not to be absorbed into other modernist narratives), and the interest that these novels have in Judaism, and in anti-semitism (e.g. in the Dreyfus affair) as something which cannot be easily assimilated into the narratives which the writers mentioned are interested in. The paper investigates the implications of this claim for reading these texts.

Do You Need God for Meaning and Purpose?

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-176
Author(s):  
Gleb Tsipursky
Keyword(s):  
Meaning And Purpose

Dmenisions of Human Behavior in The Novel “The Foreigner” By Arun Joshi

IJOHMN ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Abhishek Verma
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Poor People ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Modern Age ◽  
As If ◽  
Available Resources

In the modern age of globalization and modernization, people have become selfish and self-centered.  Feeling of sympathy and kindness towards poor people have almost bolted from the hearts of those who have richly available resources.  They leave needy people running behind their luxurious chauffer-driven cars.  Poor and marginalized people keep shouting for help for their dear ones but upper class people trying to show as if they did not hear any long distant sound crept into their eardrums.  This trauma, agony, pain and sufferings is explored in the novel, The Foreigner.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE AMARNA LETTERS TOWARDS A STUDY OF SYRO-PALESTINIAN SOCIAL STRUCTURE (1). TERMINOLOGY FOR GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 788-832
Author(s):  
Lukas M. Muntingh
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
The Social ◽  
Amarna Letters ◽  
Free People ◽  
Shed Light

Egyptian domination under the 18th and 19th Dynasties deeply influenced political and social life in Syria and Palestine. The correspondence between Egypt and her vassals in Syria and Palestine in the Amarna age, first half of the fourteenth century B.C., preserved for us in the Amarna letters, written in cuneiform on clay tablets discovered in 1887, offer several terms that can shed light on the social structure during the Late Bronze Age. In the social stratification of Syria and Palestine under Egyptian rule according to the Amarna letters, three classes are discernible:1) government officials and military personnel, 2) free people, and 3) half-free people and slaves. In this study, I shall limit myself to the first, the upper class. This article deals with terminology for government officials.

Toxicity and efficacy evaluation of multiple targeted polymalic acid conjugates for triple-negative breast cancer treatment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lungwani Muungo
Keyword(s):  
Triple Negative ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
Efficacy Evaluation ◽  
Dual Action ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Laminin 411 ◽  
Immunologic Analysis

Engineered nanoparticles are widely used for delivery of drugs but frequently lack proof of safetyfor cancer patient's treatment. All-in-one covalent nanodrugs of the third generation have beensynthesized based on a poly(β-L-malic acid) (PMLA) platform, targeting human triple-negativebreast cancer (TNBC). They significantly inhibited tumor growth in nude mice by blockingsynthesis of epidermal growth factor receptor, and α4 and β1 chains of laminin-411, the tumorvascular wall protein and angiogenesis marker. PMLA and nanodrug biocompatibility and toxicityat low and high dosages were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The dual-action nanodrug and singleactionprecursor nanoconjugates were assessed under in vitro conditions and in vivo with multipletreatment regimens (6 and 12 treatments). The monitoring of TNBC treatment in vivo withdifferent drugs included blood hematologic and immunologic analysis after multiple intravenousadministrations. The present study demonstrates that the dual-action nanoconju-gate is highlyeffective in preclinical TNBC treatment without side effects, supported by hematologic andimmunologic assays data. PMLA-based nanodrugs of the Polycefin™ family passed multipletoxicity and efficacy tests in vitro and in vivo on preclinical level and may prove to be optimizedand efficacious for the treatment of cancer patients in the future.

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