Lexico-semantic meanings of the word Sufi

The article examines the semantic nature of the word “Sufi”, widely used in thehistory of language. The based linguistic materials are differentiated by scientific data. The analysislooks at terminological, religious, linguistic concepts of the word, its semantic use and changes inhistorical periods, lexical and semantic concepts and functions of our language. It is also thefoundations of the formation of the word Sufi in accordance with the norms of public speech, itsentry into circulation, the period of its activity, etc. The definition of the word as a character, theconclusions of those who have completely sacrificed themselves to religion and accepted it as a wayof life, are well presented in the historical data. Periodic and systematic lines of work areconsistently offered. The life principles of those who have glorified and promoted Sufism, paved aparticular path, and formed a school of Sufism are also presented with compelling facts. Theinformation that these famous schools had their own principles, ways, and structure is based on theopinions and conclusions of scholars. In fact, if the cognitive characteristics of the worshipper,worship, action, and piety, which have special significance in human life, are subjected to specialanalysis, the method, purpose, and mission of those who follow this path are considered veryimportant. At the same time, such actions of those who make Sufism their pillar, aim at it, and set asa principle to live only by love to the Creator alone, inevitably requires special study. Therefore, theimportance of this work is reflected here, and special attention is paid to the etymological study ofthe history and semantic nature of the word. The first meaning of the word Sufi, the second name,the official meaning, has been scientifically established. The fact that from the first appearance ofthe word such issues as submission to the Creator's will, directing all thoughts and actions to theCreator, have influenced the history of the word's origin cannot be overlooked. The author revealsthe basic principles and pillars of the word, its concepts, and therefore its status in worship. In aword, the official nature of the word Sufi was defined, which determined the role and place in theformation of values in the spiritual cognition of the peoples of the Kazakh steppes.

Evaluative conditioning and affective priming

Previous research suggests that evaluative conditioning(EC) is insensitive to contingency awareness, andinsensitive to extinction and contingency manipulations.Recent studies have tested the generality of these ECresults using physiological (startle reflex) andbehavioural (affective priming) measures of affect ratherthan verbal ratings of liking. The current experimentsused an affective priming measure to extend this programof work. Over four experiments we examined the role ofawareness, the role of contingency, and the phenomena ofcue-competition in evaluative conditioning. Eachexperiment involved subjects experiencing conditionedstimuli (CSs) paired with affectively valenced (positiveand negative) visual images. Subjects then classifiedwords as either positive or negative. Each word waspreceded by presentation of a CS. It was found thatsubjects classified the words faster if the valence ofthe word was the same as that of the immediatelypreceding CS. However, this conditioning effect did notdepend on contingency awareness, was not reduced bycontingency degradation, and there was no evidence ofcue-competition in a blocking procedure that used anovershadowing control.

Membangun Semangat Pendidikan dengan Puasa

Ramadan fasting is a mandatory worship for the faithful both men and women as well as past and later ones. Fasting during Ramadan that Allah prescribes in the Qur'an has a certain meaning and purpose. This paper will explain the meaning ofthe word 'Ramadan' and the purpose of fasting, and the meanings associated with the words ‘knowledge’ (‘ilm) described in the verses of the Quran and the Hadis of the Prophet Muhammad. This paper also aims to know about the religiosity and degrees (maqamat) that can be gained by faithful associated with worship based onknowledge. In addition, in the conduct of worship, a person needs knowledge. People who are knowledgeable and faithful will be given a higher degree by God because the knowledgeable people will obey and submit to God. Thus, it can be concluded that faith, knowledge, and worship are triangles whose sides connect and fill one another and are inseparable. Acts of kindness, noble character (amal shalih) has done by the faithful and knowledgeable can lead him to achieve the predicate of takwa as the highest degree.

’n Kerkorde in gereformeerde kerke toegepas op die Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerkorde van 2013

Church order in reformed churches applied to the church order of Dutch Reformed Church of 2013. 1 Corinthians 14:40 with its call for the affairs of the church to be transacted ‘decently and in order’ as well as a general need in churches for stipulations in this regard, form the backbone of the need for church orders. Proper, acceptable church orders are, therefore, focused on the practices of the church: the offices, assemblies, church services, discipline,relations, and other affairs of the church.In order to be channels for the free flow of, and obedience to the authority and content ofthe Word of God in church, implementing the church order should not be an aim in itself.The order of a church cannot be a strict law that should be literally applied in church affairs. A church order should serve the church in its calling to be a church of the Word of God.

O CÂNONE CRÍTICO-POÉTICO DE MANOEL DE BARROS

This study aims to examine the critical-poetic literary canon in Manoelde Barros. The self-reflexivity in Barros’ poetry forms a creative consciousness whicharticulates literary creation and critical invention in the poetic space. In Manoel deBarros’s works, the poems question the crisis of the word and the compositionalprocess which giving form to intentions presented in the author’s essays allows us todepict the poet’s aesthetic project. The choice of a universe of ordinary things, thepreference for that which despised by society, the feeling of fragmentation, the searchof an Adamic word, which denotates a lost language – all this are some of the recurrentmotives that are interwoven to the liric voice of Barros’s poetry. Departing from areshaping of the poetic canon that can be obtained by mean of a critical approach topoetry, we will examine the “critical metaphor” – the precarious condition in whichthe insertion of poetry in the world as metaphor inaugurates the space of criticism ofthe word as well as the criticism of mechanisms used for representation of reality.

Ecomuseums become more realistic

You are allfamiliar with the philosophical notion that nothing exists until and unless there is a word to describe and define it. Let us suppose, for instance, that my language and yours had no word for 'weather'. We would all have experienced sunshine, rain, frost, snow and wind, and we would know that these conditions came and went, but we should only be able to think of them as separate phenomena, without any general concept, expressed by the term 'weather: to bind them together as natural happenings beyond human control. The presence ofthe word 'weather' in the language changes our attitude to its individual components. They are all 'weather: so that we are able to have weatherforecasts and weather reports, instead of merely rainforecasts and snow reports.