scholarly journals Is Parental Divorce Homogamy Associated With a Higher Risk of Separation From Cohabitation and Marriage?

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Kailaheimo-Lönnqvist ◽  
Anette Eva Fasang ◽  
Marika Jalovaara ◽  
Emanuela Struffolino
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Parental Divorce ◽  
The United States ◽  
Event History ◽  
Union Dissolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Socioeconomic Consequences ◽  
Divorce Risk

Abstract Numerous studies have shown that parental divorce is associated with an increase in adult children's divorce risk. We extend this literature by assessing how parental divorce on both sides of a couple is related to their partnership dynamics, specifically, whether there is parental divorce homogamy and whether a history of parental divorce for both partners is associated with increased dissolution risks for cohabiting and married unions. We use Finnish Census Panel data on 28,021 cohabiting and marital partnerships to conduct event-history models that follow individuals between ages 18 and 45. Findings show substantial parental divorce homogamy. Children with experience of parental divorce have 13% greater odds of cohabiting with and 17% greater odds of marrying a fellow child of divorcees, compared with those whose parents have not divorced. Moreover, contrary to evidence from the United States and Norway, our findings for Finland support an additive—rather than multiplicative—association between parental divorce homogamy and union dissolution. Parental divorce homogamy increases offspring's union dissolution risk by 20% for cohabitation and 70% for marriage, compared with couples for whom neither partner's parents are divorced. In Finland, the sizes of these associations are notably weaker than in the United States and Norway, likely because cohabitation and separation are more widespread and socially accepted in Finland, and an expansive welfare state buffers the socioeconomic consequences of divorce.

scholarly journals Parental divorce homogamy and its effect on separation from cohabitation and marriage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Kailaheimo-Lönnqvist ◽  
Anette Fasang ◽  
Marika Jalovaara ◽  
Emanuela Struffolino
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Parental Divorce ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Event History ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Multiplicative Effect ◽  
Divorce Risk

Numerous studies have shown that parental divorce increases children’s divorce risk. Weextend this literature by assessing how parental divorce on both sides of a (potential) coupleaffects their partnering dynamics. Specifically, we explore 1) whether there is parental divorcehomogamy and whether the parental divorce of both partners adds to the dissolution of both 2)cohabiting and 3) married unions. Our analyses use event history models on high-qualityFinnish Census Panel data covering 28,021 cohabiting and marital partnerships between ages18 and 45. We found substantial parental divorce homogamy in that children who experiencedparental divorce are 13% more likely to cohabit with and 17% more likely to marry a fellowchild of divorce. Moreover, contrary to evidence from the United States and Norway, ourfindings for Finland support an additive, not a multiplicative, effect. Here, both partners’parental divorce increases their offspring’s dissolution risk by 20% for cohabitation and 70%for marriage compared to couples where neither of their parents are divorced. We conclude thatparental divorce on both sides of a couple affects family formation processes at multiple stages.In Finland, these effects are notably less than previously found in the United States. This islikely because cohabitation and separation are wide-spread and socially accepted in Finlandand an expansive welfare state buffers the socio-economic consequences of divorce.

Charity and Philanthropy

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltan J. Acs
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Self Reliance ◽  
Bill Gates ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Philanthropy ◽  
Viable System ◽  
The Welfare State

This chapter traces the history of philanthropy and shows the extent to which it is woven into the very fabric of the American entrepreneurial experiment. In order to understand philanthropy as a viable system for recycling wealth and creating opportunity, it is worth probing the dynamics that have sustained philanthropic giving and the conditions under which it has prospered and wavered. After providing a historical background on philanthropy in the United States, the chapter considers the Giving Pledge, an idea put forth by Bill Gates and Warren Buffett that commits billionaires to give away one-half of their wealth in their lifetimes. It then looks at the origins of American generosity, along with volunteerism, associations, and self-reliance. It also discusses mass philanthropy, the welfare state and the persistence of philanthropy, political philanthropy, and the rationale behind philanthropy and charity.

scholarly journals Varifrån kommer välfärdsstaten? Om ett modernt nyckelbegrepps långa historia

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Edling
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Welfare State

Where does the welfare state come from? On the long history of a modern key conceptThisarticle charts the history of the term the welfare state in Germany and the United States, the two countries where it was formed. It starts from the premise that political key concepts, such as the welfare state, have multiple meanings and are open to contestation. This means that the objective is to study the different and changing usages and meanings of the term from the 1860s to the 1940s.In the oldest of the four usages, der Wohlfahrtsstaat referred to pre-1789 authoritarian regimes where the welfare of the people constituted the objective and rationale of the state. Gradually during the latter half of the nineteenth century, an alternative understanding emerged in Germany where the culture and welfare state connoted a responsible state, which regulated the modernizing economy. In the early twentieth century, many texts mentioned this new Kultur- und Wohlfahrtsstaat as a fitting label for contemporary Germany. At the same time, this new regulating welfare state became a topic in the United States as well.In the Weimar Republic 1919–33, the idea of the social welfare state was highly contested from the start. This understanding centred on social policy, on the state as the driving force in social reform. Fourthly, the democratic welfare state, a state that catered for the common good and respected civil liberties, was contrasted to authoritarian power states. These four usages should not be seen as separate stages in an orderly historical sequence of conceptual development, but as co-existing layers of meaning that could be mixed in multiple and changing ways. Depending on ideological and political point of view, the modern welfare state, which emerged after 1945, could incorporate one or several of the historical layers (the authoritarian-paternalistic, the regulating, the social and the democratic welfare state). This new idea of the welfare state was a product of the Depression and the War with expanding state activity and ideological mobilization. The United States’ acquired position as global military and moral superpower constituted one prerequisite. The welfare state was in this sense part of the democratic restart after 1945. Two considerations were important for this conception: the state’s responsibility for promoting economic growth and combating unemployment and the emergence of human rights that include social security.

Review of A brief history of the United States.

1919 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 414-414
Author(s):  
No authorship indicated
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
History Of

An American Language

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosina Lozano
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
National Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spanish Language ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Language Recognition ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Political Issue ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S

An American Language is a political history of the Spanish language in the United States. The nation has always been multilingual and the Spanish language in particular has remained as an important political issue into the present. After the U.S.-Mexican War, the Spanish language became a language of politics as Spanish speakers in the U.S. Southwest used it to build territorial and state governments. In the twentieth century, Spanish became a political language where speakers and those opposed to its use clashed over what Spanish's presence in the United States meant. This book recovers this story by using evidence that includes Spanish language newspapers, letters, state and territorial session laws, and federal archives to profile the struggle and resilience of Spanish speakers who advocated for their language rights as U.S. citizens. Comparing Spanish as a language of politics and as a political language across the Southwest and noncontiguous territories provides an opportunity to measure shifts in allegiance to the nation and exposes differing forms of nationalism. Language concessions and continued use of Spanish is a measure of power. Official language recognition by federal or state officials validates Spanish speakers' claims to US citizenship. The long history of policies relating to language in the United States provides a way to measure how U.S. visions of itself have shifted due to continuous migration from Latin America. Spanish-speaking U.S. citizens are crucial arbiters of Spanish language politics and their successes have broader implications on national policy and our understanding of Americans.

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