scholarly journals Parental divorce homogamy and its effect on separation from cohabitation and marriage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Kailaheimo-Lönnqvist ◽  
Anette Fasang ◽  
Marika Jalovaara ◽  
Emanuela Struffolino
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Parental Divorce ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Event History ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Multiplicative Effect ◽  
Divorce Risk

Numerous studies have shown that parental divorce increases children’s divorce risk. Weextend this literature by assessing how parental divorce on both sides of a (potential) coupleaffects their partnering dynamics. Specifically, we explore 1) whether there is parental divorcehomogamy and whether the parental divorce of both partners adds to the dissolution of both 2)cohabiting and 3) married unions. Our analyses use event history models on high-qualityFinnish Census Panel data covering 28,021 cohabiting and marital partnerships between ages18 and 45. We found substantial parental divorce homogamy in that children who experiencedparental divorce are 13% more likely to cohabit with and 17% more likely to marry a fellowchild of divorce. Moreover, contrary to evidence from the United States and Norway, ourfindings for Finland support an additive, not a multiplicative, effect. Here, both partners’parental divorce increases their offspring’s dissolution risk by 20% for cohabitation and 70%for marriage compared to couples where neither of their parents are divorced. We conclude thatparental divorce on both sides of a couple affects family formation processes at multiple stages.In Finland, these effects are notably less than previously found in the United States. This islikely because cohabitation and separation are wide-spread and socially accepted in Finlandand an expansive welfare state buffers the socio-economic consequences of divorce.

scholarly journals Is Parental Divorce Homogamy Associated With a Higher Risk of Separation From Cohabitation and Marriage?

Demography ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Kailaheimo-Lönnqvist ◽  
Anette Eva Fasang ◽  
Marika Jalovaara ◽  
Emanuela Struffolino
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
Parental Divorce ◽  
The United States ◽  
Event History ◽  
Union Dissolution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Socioeconomic Consequences ◽  
Divorce Risk

Abstract Numerous studies have shown that parental divorce is associated with an increase in adult children's divorce risk. We extend this literature by assessing how parental divorce on both sides of a couple is related to their partnership dynamics, specifically, whether there is parental divorce homogamy and whether a history of parental divorce for both partners is associated with increased dissolution risks for cohabiting and married unions. We use Finnish Census Panel data on 28,021 cohabiting and marital partnerships to conduct event-history models that follow individuals between ages 18 and 45. Findings show substantial parental divorce homogamy. Children with experience of parental divorce have 13% greater odds of cohabiting with and 17% greater odds of marrying a fellow child of divorcees, compared with those whose parents have not divorced. Moreover, contrary to evidence from the United States and Norway, our findings for Finland support an additive—rather than multiplicative—association between parental divorce homogamy and union dissolution. Parental divorce homogamy increases offspring's union dissolution risk by 20% for cohabitation and 70% for marriage, compared with couples for whom neither partner's parents are divorced. In Finland, the sizes of these associations are notably weaker than in the United States and Norway, likely because cohabitation and separation are more widespread and socially accepted in Finland, and an expansive welfare state buffers the socioeconomic consequences of divorce.

scholarly journals Cross-friend effects on entry into marriage and parenthood: A multiprocess approach

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicoletta Balbo ◽  
Nicola Barban ◽  
Melinda C. Mills
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Contextual Effects ◽  
Event History ◽  
National Longitudinal Study ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
The Individual

This paper aims to investigate whether friends’ and peers’ behavior influences an individual’s entry into marriage and parenthood of young adults in the United States. After first studying entry into marriage and parenthood as two independent events, we then examine them as interrelated processes, thereby considering them as two joint outcomes of an individual’s unique, underlying family-formation strategy. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we engage in a series of discrete time event history models to test whether the larger the number of friends and peers who get married (or have a child), the sooner the individual gets married (or has a child). Results show strong cross-friend effects on entry into parenthood, whereas entry into marriage is only affected by more general contextual effects. Estimates of a multiprocess model show that cross-friend effects on entry into parenthood remain strongly significant even when we control for cross-process unobserved heterogeneity.

A Comparison of Divorce Risk Models in China and the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-295
Author(s):  
Anqi Xu ◽  
Yuanting Zhang ◽  
Paul R Amato
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Models ◽  
Divorce Risk

scholarly journals Predicting the Dynamics of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States Using Graph Theory-Based Neural Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3834
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Davahli ◽  
Krzysztof Fiok ◽  
Waldemar Karwowski ◽  
Awad M. Aljuaid ◽  
Redha Taiar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Graph Theory ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
The United States ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The Usa

The COVID-19 pandemic has had unprecedented social and economic consequences in the United States. Therefore, accurately predicting the dynamics of the pandemic can be very beneficial. Two main elements required for developing reliable predictions include: (1) a predictive model and (2) an indicator of the current condition and status of the pandemic. As a pandemic indicator, we used the effective reproduction number (Rt), which is defined as the number of new infections transmitted by a single contagious individual in a population that may no longer be fully susceptible. To bring the pandemic under control, Rt must be less than one. To eliminate the pandemic, Rt should be close to zero. Therefore, this value may serve as a strong indicator of the current status of the pandemic. For a predictive model, we used graph neural networks (GNNs), a method that combines graphical analysis with the structure of neural networks. We developed two types of GNN models, including: (1) graph-theory-based neural networks (GTNN) and (2) neighborhood-based neural networks (NGNN). The nodes in both graphs indicated individual states in the US states. While the GTNN model’s edges document functional connectivity between states, those in the NGNN model link neighboring states to one another. We trained both models with Rt numbers collected over the previous four days and asked them to predict the following day for all states in the USA. The performance of these models was evaluated with the datasets that included Rt values reflecting conditions from 22 January through 26 November 2020 (before the start of COVID-19 vaccination in the USA). To determine the efficiency, we compared the results of two models with each other and with those generated by a baseline Long short-term memory (LSTM) model. The results indicated that the GTNN model outperformed both the NGNN and LSTM models for predicting Rt.

scholarly journals Economic Impact from Unrestricted Spread of Potato Cyst Nematodes in Australia

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (12) ◽  
pp. 1387-1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hodda ◽  
D. C. Cook
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Alternative Responses

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) (Globodera spp.) are quarantine pests with serious potential economic consequences. Recent new detections in Australia, Canada, and the United States have focussed attention on the consequences of spread and economic justifications for alternative responses. Here, a full assessment of the economic impact of PCN spread from a small initial incursion is presented. Models linking spread, population growth, and economic impact are combined to estimate costs of spread without restriction in Australia. Because the characteristics of the Australian PCN populations are currently unknown, the known ranges of parameters were used to obtain cost scenarios, an approach which makes the model predictions applicable generally. Our analysis indicates that mean annual costs associated with spread of PCN would increase rapidly initially, associated with increased testing. Costs would then increase more slowly to peak at over AUD$20 million per year ≈10 years into the future. Afterward, this annual cost would decrease slightly due to discounting factors. Mean annual costs over 20 years were $18.7 million, with a 90% confidence interval between AUD$11.9 million and AUD$27.0 million. Thus, cumulative losses to Australian agriculture over 20 years may exceed $370 million without action to prevent spread of PCN and entry to new areas.

Turkish-US talks may limit Armenian genocide damage

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Armenian Genocide ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government

Significance Erdogan adopted a relatively conciliatory tone and stopped short of declaring retaliatory measures, for fear of the economic consequences in particular, despite the fact that most Turks see Biden’s move as an insult and an attack on Turkish dignity. Impacts Ankara’s options for retaliation are limited but could include reduced military coordination with Washington in Syria and Iraq. Turkey could ask non-NATO US forces to leave, but closing the Incirlik air and Kurecik radar bases would hurt relations with NATO. The issue could be used internally to rally Turkish nationalist anger with the United States in support of the government.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document