Craniopharyngioma

abstract Craniopharyngioma usually presents on a computed tomographic (CT) scan as a hypodense or isodense lesion, with calcification, in the suprasellar region. A case with atypical CT findings of a huge, homogeneous, high density, apparently solid, lobulated suprasellar mass is presented. An explanation for the appearance of the tumor is discussed based upon clinical analysis of the tumor contents.

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Cerebral Infarction in a Child after Moderate Brain Trauma: A Case Report

Indian Journal of Neurotrauma ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1616035 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 14 (02/03) ◽

pp. 098-100

Author(s):

Dhaval Gohil ◽

Bhagavatula Devi ◽

Dhananjaya Bhat ◽

Dhaval Shukla

Keyword(s):

Head Injury ◽

Cerebral Infarction ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Cerebral Artery ◽

Vital Role ◽

Traumatic Head Injury ◽

Rehabilitation Care ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Orbital Roof ◽

Suprasellar Region

AbstractIntracranial hematomas and contusions are common entity after traumatic brain injury in children and young population. However, cerebral infarction after traumatic head injury is a rare entity with frequency ranging from 1.9 to 10.4%. We herein report a case of cerebral infarction in right anterior cerebral artery (ACA) and parts of middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory after moderate head injury in a 14-year-old boy, in whom computed tomographic (CT) scan of the brain was performed 3.5 hours after injury, which showed specks of pneumocephalus in sellar suprasellar region, and 12 hours after injury showed right ACA territory infarct and evolving infarct in right MCA territory. Bony injury included right orbital roof and right sphenoid wing linear undisplaced fractures. Possible mechanism for development of infarction is right internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection by fractured bone fragments and/or thrombosis. The patient developed hemiplegia on second day after trauma. Intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring was done, which was suggestive of raised ICP. The patient underwent right fronto-temporo-parieto craniotomy and decompression (tissue sent for histopathologic analysis) and augmentative duraplasty with bone flap replacement on fifth day after trauma. Histopathology was suggestive of cerebral infarct with hemorrhage. The patient was improved at follow-up, 10 months after trauma after rehabilitation, and physiotherapy to modified Rankin scale (mRS) score 3. Hence delayed CT scan plays a vital role in detecting developing posttraumatic infarcts, and rigorous rehabilitation care is necessary for clinical improvement.

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Early Operation for Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/00006123-198302000-00006 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 169-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Isao Yamamoto ◽

Makoto Hara ◽

Koichiro Ogura ◽

Yoshio Suzuki ◽

Toshichi Nakane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ct Scan ◽

Intracranial Aneurysms ◽

Thick Layer ◽

Early Operation ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Symptomatic Vasospasm ◽

Ct Findings ◽

Preoperative Ct ◽

The Relationship ◽

Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms

Abstract The relationship between the results of early operation for ruptured intracranial aneurysms (72 cases) and the preoperative computed tomographic (CT) findings was studied. There was a correlation among the surgical results, the development of symptomatic vasospasm, and high density on the preoperative CT scan, particularly the presence of a localized, thick layer in the subarachnoid space. However, no relationship was found between the occurrence of ventricular enlargement and the preoperative CT findings. Cisternal or ventricular drainage might contribute to an uncomplicated postoperative course for patients with severe subarachnoid clot shown on the preoperative CT scan.

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Cerebral Gliosarcomas: Correlation of Computed Tomographic Findings, Surgical Aspect, Pathological Features, and Prognosis

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/00006123-199002000-00013 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 261-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Francesco Maiuri ◽

Lucio Stella ◽

Dino Benvenuti ◽

Arcangelo Giamundo ◽

Guido Pettinato

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Contrast Enhancement ◽

Prolonged Survival ◽

Pathological Features ◽

Sarcomatous Component ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Ct Findings ◽

Ct Finding

Abstract The cases of 5 patients with cerebral gliosarcomas examined by computed tomography are reported and the correlations among the computed tomographic (CT) findings, the surgical and histological aspects, and the prognosis are discussed. In some patients, these tumors appear on CT scan as intracerebral lesions, with large necrotic areas and peripheral contrast enhancement; this CT aspect, similar to that of glioblastomas, corresponds to a diffusely infiltrating growth of the tumor and the prevalence of a gliomatous component. In other patients, the tumor appears on the CT scan as a hyperdense mass with well-defined margins and homogenous contrast enhancement;; this CT finding, which may mimic that of a meningioma, corresponds to a rather well-demarcated surgical aspect and the prevalence of sarcomatous component. In our series, we have also noticed a more prolonged survival in a patient with a CT aspect that suggested a meningioma and prevalence of the sarcomatous component.

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Computed Tomographic Findings Characteristic for Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.1177/089686080902900508 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 517-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Anniek Vlijm ◽

Jaap Stoker ◽

Shandra Bipat ◽

Anje M. Spijkerboer ◽

Saffire S.K.S. Phoa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Ct Findings ◽

Control Study

Background Computed tomography (CT) is often used to confirm the diagnosis of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) but there is no consensus on specific CT abnormalities. To establish CT findings characteristic for EPS, we compared CT findings between EPS patients and long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients without EPS. Methods We included as cases all EPS patients in our center from 1996 to 2008 that underwent a CT scan at the time of diagnosis. Controls were all other long-term PD patients (PD duration ≥ 4 years) without EPS that had a CT scan for different reasons. The CT scans were blindly and independently reviewed by 3 radiologists: 2 abdominal radiologists with PD knowledge (Observers 1 and 2) and 1 radiologist without PD experience (Observer 3). Results We included 15 EPS patients and 16 controls. Observer 1 found 6 CT findings that were significantly more often present in EPS than in controls ( p ≤ 0.05): peritoneal enhancement, thickening, and calcifications; adhesions of bowel loops; signs of obstruction; and fluid loculation/septation. Observer 2 scored almost identically but Observer 3 scored differently. The sensitivity and specificity of a combination of specific CT findings were, respectively, 100% and 94% for Observers 1 and 2, and 79% and 88% for Observer 3. Conclusion CT scans showed characteristic abnormalities that were significantly more often present in EPS patients compared to long-term PD control patients. CT can be used to confirm the diagnosis of EPS when experienced radiologists apply a combination of specific CT findings.

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The Computerized Tomographic Appearance of Angiographically Occult Arteriovenous Malformations of the Brain

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques ◽

10.1017/s0317167100042761 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 7-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Richard Leblanc ◽

Roméo Ethier

Keyword(s):

Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽

Arteriovenous Malformation ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Lateral Ventricle ◽

Arteriovenous Malformations ◽

High Density ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Ct Examination ◽

Vascular Enhancement ◽

The Brain

SUMMARYEight patients with a histologically proven angiographically occult arteriovenous malformation of the brain had plain and infused computed tomographic (CT) examinations. In five cases angiography revealed a hypovascular mass and in three cases the angiogram was normal. On CT examination a high density lesion (six cases) and ventricular asymmetry (five cases) were demonstrated. In three patients presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage, the high density appearance and ventricular compression were accounted for by the presence of hematoma. In three of five seizure patients the high density lesion was associated with calcification while ipsilateral (one case) and contralateral (one case) enlargement of the lateral ventricle was seen. In five of the eight cases the vascular nature of the lesion was suggested by vascular enhancement of the infused CT scan. Glioma was a common misdiagnosis.

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The role of CT imaging for management of COVID-19 in epidemic area: early experience from a University Hospital

Insights into Imaging ◽

10.1186/s13244-020-00957-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Vikram rao Bollineni ◽

Koenraad Hans Nieboer ◽

Seema Döring ◽

Nico Buls ◽

Johan de Mey

Keyword(s):

Ct Scan ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Ct Imaging ◽

Chest Ct ◽

University Hospital ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Ct Findings ◽

Epidemic Area ◽

Chest Ct Scan ◽

Pcr Test

Abstract Background To evaluate the clinical value of the chest CT scan compared to the reference standard real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in COVID-19 patients. Methods From March 29th to April 15th of 2020, a total of 240 patients with respiratory distress underwent both a low-dose chest CT scan and RT-PCR tests. The performance of chest CT in diagnosing COVID-19 was assessed with reference to the RT-PCR result. Two board-certified radiologists (mean 24 years of experience chest CT), blinded for the RT-PCR result, reviewed all scans and decided positive or negative chest CT findings by consensus. Results Out of 240 patients, 60% (144/240) had positive RT-PCR results and 89% (213/240) had a positive chest CT scans. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of chest CT in suggesting COVID-19 were 100% (95% CI: 97–100%, 144/240), 28% (95% CI: 19–38%, 27/240), 68% (95% CI: 65–70%) and 100%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the chest CT suggesting COVID-19 was 71% (95% CI: 65–77%). Thirty-three patients with positive chest CT scan and negative RT-PCR test at baseline underwent repeat RT-PCR assay. In this subgroup, 21.2% (7/33) cases became RT-PCR positive. Conclusion Chest CT imaging has high sensitivity and high NPV for diagnosing COVID-19 and can be considered as an alternative primary screening tool for COVID-19 in epidemic areas. In addition, a negative RT-PCR test, but positive CT findings can still be suggestive of COVID-19 infection.

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Infections of the Aorta: Case Report and Review of Treatment

Vascular ◽

10.1258/rsmvasc.13.4.252 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 252-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shannon Lehner ◽

Catherine Wittgen

Keyword(s):

Back Pain ◽

Case Report ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Compression Fracture ◽

Lower Lobe ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Emergent Operation ◽

Surgical Options

Radiographic documentation of the rapid development of an aortic infection has not previously been reported. We report the case of a 68-year-old woman who presented with back pain. A computed tomographic(CT) scan documented a nondisplaced L1 compression fracture as well as an atherosclerotic but nonaneurysmal aorta. Two weeks after discharge, she developed left lower lobe pneumonia and was readmitted. A second CT scan was obtained because of continuous complaints of back pain. A contained rupture of the visceral aorta was now clearly visible. Emergent operation successfully repaired her aorta. The microorganisms responsible for aortic infection have changed since the widespread use of antibiotics. Patterns of aortic involvement have also evolved. The difficulty in making these diagnoses, the role of current antibiotic therapy, and the surgical options for these infections will be discussed.

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Role of CT (Computed Tomography) in the Evaluation of Fungal Diseases in Paranasal Sinus

Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons ◽

10.3329/jbcps.v31i4.21002 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 189-193

Author(s):

T Islam ◽

SA Azad ◽

ME Karim ◽

L Khondker ◽

K Rahman

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infection ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Paranasal Sinus ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Fungal Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Computed Tomographic ◽

Histopathological Result

A cross sectional study carried out with patients having suspected paranasal sinus (PNS) mass during January 2009 to October 2010 to evaluate the fungal diseases in PNS by computed tomographic(CT) image and comparison of the findings of this modality with histopathological result. Among the total 76 patients, the mean age of the patients was 35.95 ± 18.24 and common complaints of the patients were nasal obstruction (73.7%) and maximum 53.9% patients had PNS mass in maxillary sinuses. Out of all cases 10 were diagnosed as having fungal infection/mass by CT scan and confirmed by histopathological evaluation. Two cases were diagnosed as having fungal infection/mass by CT scan but not confirmed by histopathological findings. Of 64 cases of other than fungal infection/mass, which were diagnosed by CT scan, six were confirmed as having fungal infection/mass and 58 were other than having fungal infection/mass by histopathology. Sensitivity of CT scan to diagnose fungal infection/mass was 62.5%, specificity 96.7%, positive predictive value 83.3%, negative predictive value 90.6% and accuracy 89.5%. CT scan of the fungal diseases in paranasal sinus provides more information and better image quality and CT diagnosis correlate well with the findings of histopathology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v31i4.21002 J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2013; 31: 189-193

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