Hypnosis for Awake Surgery of Low-grade Gliomas

Neurosurgery ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilyess Zemmoura ◽  
Eric Fournier ◽  
Wissam El-Hage ◽  
Virginie Jolly ◽  
Christophe Destrieux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Awake Surgery ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Gliomas ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Dissociative Experience ◽  
Experience Questionnaire

Abstract BACKGROUND: Awake craniotomy with intraoperative electric stimulation is a reliable method for extensive removal of low-grade gliomas while preserving the functional integrity of eloquent surrounding brain structures. Although fully awake procedures have been proposed, asleep-awake-asleep remains the standard technique. Anesthetic contraindications are the only limitation of this method, which is therefore not reliable for older patients with high-grade gliomas. OBJECTIVE: To describe and assess a novel method for awake craniotomy based on hypnosis. METHODS: We proposed a novel hypnosedation procedure to patients undergoing awake surgery for low-grade gliomas in our institution between May 2011 and April 2015. Surgical data were retrospectively recorded. The subjective experience of hypnosis was assessed by 3 standardized questionnaires: the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Scale, the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experience Questionnaire, and a fourth questionnaire designed specifically for this study. RESULTS: Twenty-eight questionnaires were retrieved from 43 procedures performed on 37 patients. The Peritraumatic Dissociative Experience Questionnaire revealed a dissociation state in 17 cases. The Perceived Stress Scale was pathological in 8 patients. Two patients in this group stated that they would not accept a second hypnosedation procedure. The Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Scale revealed 1 case of posttraumatic stress disorder. Burr hole and bone flap procedures were the most frequently reported unpleasant events during opening (15 of 52 events). CONCLUSION: The main findings of our study are the effectiveness of the technique, which in all cases allowed resection of the tumor up to functional boundaries, and the positive psychological impact of the technique in most of the patients.

scholarly journals Predictors of change during Narrative Exposure Therapy for displaced populations: A repeated measures design

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Ghafoerkhan ◽  
H.E. van Heemstra ◽  
W.F. Scholte ◽  
J.R.J. van der Kolk ◽  
F.J. ter Heide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Narrative Exposure Therapy ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation

Abstract Background: Displaced victims of interpersonal violence, such as refugees, asylum seekers, and victims of sexual exploitation, are growing in numbers, and are often suffering from a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). At the same time these victims are known to benefit less from trauma-focused therapy, and to be less compliant to treatment. This paper describes the rationale and research protocol of an ongoing trial. In that trial , perceived daily stress, emotion regulation, and mood are investigated as predictors of change in PTSD symptoms during a trauma-focused therapy (Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET)), since these factors might impact the feasibility of therapy effectiveness. Methods/design: Using an observational treatment design, 80 displaced victims of interpersonal violence will be measured before, during, and after partaking in NET. Several questionnaires tapping PTSD plus the aforementioned possible predictors of PTSD change will be administered: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5, Perceived Stress Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-18 (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up),subscale impulsivity of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-18, Perceived Stress Scale short version, Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and a single Mood item (each session). Multilevel modelling will be used to examine the relation between the possible predictors and treatment outcome.Discussion: The present study is the first to examine the interplay of facilitating and interfering factors possibly impacting treatment feasibility in displaced victims of interpersonal violence with PTSD receiving NET, using repeated measures. The current study can help to improve future treatment based on individual characteristics.

scholarly journals Feasibility and predictors of change of Narrative Exposure Therapy for displaced populations: A repeated measures design

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Ghafoerkhan ◽  
H.E. van Heemstra ◽  
W.F. Scholte ◽  
J.R.J. van der Kolk ◽  
F.J. ter Heide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Interpersonal Violence ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Narrative Exposure Therapy ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Difficulties In Emotion Regulation

Abstract Background: Displaced victims of interpersonal violence, such as refugees, asylum seekers, and victims of sexual exploitation, are growing in numbers, and are often suffering from a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). At the same time these victims are known to benefit less from trauma-focused therapy (TFT), and to be less compliant to treatment. The objective of this paper is to describe the rationale and research protocol of an ongoing trial that aims to evaluate different variables that might influence the feasibility of TFT for the study population. Specifically, perceived daily stress, emotion regulation, and mood are investigated as predictors of change in PTSD symptoms during a trauma-focused therapy (Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET)). The feasibility of administering measures tapping these constructs repeatedly during treatment will also be evaluated. Methods/design: Using an observational treatment design, 80 displaced victims of interpersonal violence will be measured before, during, and after partaking in NET. Several questionnaires tapping PTSD plus the aforementioned possible predictors of PTSD change will be administered: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-5, Perceived Stress Scale, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-18 (pre-test, post-test, and follow-up),subscale impulsivity of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-18, Perceived Stress Scale short version, Primary Care Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and a single Mood item (each session). Multilevel modelling will be used to examine the relation between the possible predictors and treatment outcome.Discussion: The present study is the first to examine the interplay of facilitating and interfering factors possibly impacting treatment feasibility and effectiveness in displaced victims of interpersonal violence with PTSD receiving NET, using repeated measures. The current study can help to improve future treatment based on individual characteristics. Trial registration: Netherlands Trial Register: NTR7353, retrospectively registered. Date of registration: July 11th 2018.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and the Gut Microbiome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelsey M. Loupy ◽  
Christopher A. Lowry
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Glucocorticoid Signaling ◽  
System Functioning

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a trauma- and stressor-related disorder that is often associated with the dysregulation of multiple physiological systems, including autonomic nervous system functioning, glucocorticoid signaling, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that persons with a diagnosis of PTSD also exhibit alterations in the composition of gut microbiomes compared to people who are trauma-exposed but do not develop PTSD. The bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome, the gut, and the brain, deemed the microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) axis, is composed of neural, neuroendocrine, and immune processes that both impact and respond to the structure of the gut microbiome. This chapter aims to outline (1) the ways in which trauma and stressor exposure may impact the gut microbiome; (2) the ways in which gut microbiome composition may influence brain function, including anxiety, and fear responses; and (3) how the bidirectional MGB axis, through interactions with several physiological circuits, may determine individual variability in resilience versus vulnerability to development of PTSD after trauma exposure.

Acute subjective effects in LSD- and MDMA-assisted psychotherapy

2020 ◽  
pp. 026988112095960
Author(s):  
Yasmin Schmid ◽  
Peter Gasser ◽  
Peter Oehen ◽  
Matthias E Liechti
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Mystical Experience ◽  
Altered States Of Consciousness ◽  
Altered States ◽  
Compassionate Use ◽  
Group Settings ◽  
States Of Consciousness ◽  
Experience Questionnaire

Background: Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) were used in psychotherapy in the 1960s–1980s, and are currently being re-investigated as treatments for several psychiatric disorders. In Switzerland, limited medical use of these substances is possible in patients not responding to other treatments (compassionate use). Methods: This study aimed to describe patient characteristics, treatment indications and acute alterations of mind in patients receiving LSD (100–200 µg) and/or MDMA (100–175 mg) within the Swiss compassionate use programme from 2014–2018. Acute effects were assessed using the 5 Dimensions of Altered States of Consciousness scale and the Mystical Experience Questionnaire, and compared with those in healthy volunteers administered with LSD or MDMA and patients treated alone with LSD in clinical trials. Results: Eighteen patients (including 12 women and six men, aged 29–77 years) were treated in group settings. Indications mostly included posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression. Generally, a drug-assisted session was conducted every 3.5 months after 3–10 psychotherapy sessions. LSD induced pronounced alterations of consciousness on the 5 Dimensions of Altered States of Consciousness scale, and mystical-type experiences with increases in all scales on the Mystical Experience Questionnaire. Effects were largely comparable between patients in the compassionate use programme and patients or healthy subjects treated alone in a research setting. Conclusion: LSD and MDMA are currently used medically in Switzerland mainly in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and depression in group settings, producing similar acute responses as in research subjects. The data may serve as a basis for further controlled studies of substance-assisted psychotherapy.

Evidence for low-grade systemic proinflammatory activity in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 744-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland von Känel ◽  
Urs Hepp ◽  
Bernd Kraemer ◽  
Rafael Traber ◽  
Marius Keel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Proinflammatory Activity

The impact of the homecoming reception on the development of posttraumatic stress disorder: The West Haven Homecoming Stress Scale (WHHSS)

1997 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Read Johnson ◽  
Hadar Lubin ◽  
Robert Rosenheck ◽  
Alan Fontana ◽  
Steven Sonthwick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
The West ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The Role of Rumination in Elevating Perceived Stress in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1953-1962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Hu ◽  
Ellen M. Koucky ◽  
Wilson J. Brown ◽  
Steven E. Bruce ◽  
Yvette I. Sheline
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder

scholarly journals Utility of the Posttraumatic Stress Scale–Self-report version in screening for posttraumatic stress disorder among persons seeking HIV testing

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashraf Kagee ◽  
Jason Bantjes ◽  
Wylene Saal ◽  
Mpho Sefatsa
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Statistical Manual ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Diagnostic And Statistical Manual

The literature on the utility of self-report instruments in determining caseness for posttraumatic stress disorder in South Africa is sparse. We administered the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders–Research Version and the Posttraumatic Stress Scale–Self-report version to a sample of 500 South African community members seeking HIV testing. Of our original sample of 500, 306 (61.2%) reported an index event for posttraumatic stress disorder and 25 (5.0%) met the criteria for this diagnosis. The Posttraumatic Stress Scale–Self-report displayed internal consistency of .95 as measured by Cronbach’s alpha. Using the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as a gold standard, we conducted receiver operating curve analysis among the 306 participants who reported an index traumatic event to determine the extent to which the Posttraumatic Stress Scale–Self-report as a screening instrument successfully discriminated between participants who did and did not meet the diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder. The Posttraumatic Stress Scale–Self-report yielded sensitivity of .76 and specificity of .78, with an area under the curve of .837. Positive and negative predictive values were .24 and .97, respectively. Our findings suggest that the Posttraumatic Stress Scale–Self-report may be effectively used to screen for posttraumatic stress disorder among community samples, including persons seeking HIV testing.

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