Homeotic genes regulate the spatial expression of putative growth factors in the visceral mesoderm of Drosophila embryos

Development ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 1031-1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Reuter ◽  
G.E. Panganiban ◽  
F.M. Hoffmann ◽  
M.P. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Visceral Mesoderm ◽  
Drosophila Embryogenesis ◽  
Growth Factor Genes ◽  
Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Drosophila Embryos

During Drosophila embryogenesis homeotic genes control the developmental diversification of body structures. The genes probably coordinate the expression of as yet unidentified target genes that carry out cell differentiation processes. At least four homeotic genes expressed in the visceral mesoderm are required for midgut morphogenesis. In addition, two growth factor homologs are expressed in specific regions of the visceral mesoderm surrounding the midgut epithelium. One of these, decapentaplegic (dpp), is a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) family; the other, wingless (wg), is a relative of the mammalian proto-oncogene int-1. Here we show that the spatially restricted expression of dpp in the visceral mesoderm is regulated by the homeotic genes Ubx and abd-A. Ubx is required for the expression of dpp while abd-A represses dpp. One consequence of dpp expression is the induction of labial (lab) in the underlying endoderm cells. In addition, abd-A function is required for the expression of wg in the visceral mesoderm posterior to the dpp-expressing cells. The two growth factor genes therefore are excellent candidates for target genes that are directly regulated by the homeotic genes.

scholarly journals miR-301a-5p Regulates TGFB2 during Chicken Spermatogenesis

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1695
Author(s):  
Qixin Guo ◽  
Yong Jiang ◽  
Hao Bai ◽  
Guohong Chen ◽  
Guobin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Germline Cell ◽  
Micro Rnas ◽  
Growth Factor Beta

The process of spermatogenesis is complex and systemic, requiring the cooperation of many regulators. However, little is known about how micro RNAs (miRNAs) regulate spermatogenesis in poultry. In this study, we investigated key miRNAs and their target genes that are involved in spermatogenesis in chickens. Next-generation sequencing was conducted to determine miRNA expression profiles in five cell types: primordial germ cells (PGCs), spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), spermatogonia (Spa), and chicken sperm. Next, we analyzed and identified several key miRNAs that regulate spermatogenesis in the four germline cell miRNA profiles. Among the enriched miRNAs, miRNA-301a-5p was the key miRNA in PGCs, SSCs, and Spa. Through reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), dual-luciferase, and miRNA salience, we confirmed that miR-301a-5p binds to transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGFβ2) and is involved in the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway and germ cell development. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of miR-301a-5p involvement in spermatogenesis by direct binding to TGFβ2, a key gene in the TGF-β signaling pathway. This finding contributes to the insights into the molecular mechanism through which miRNAs regulate germline cell differentiation and spermatogenesis in chickens.

A Drosophila growth factor homolog, decapentaplegic, regulates homeotic gene expression within and across germ layers during midgut morphogenesis

Development ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 1041-1050 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.E. Panganiban ◽  
R. Reuter ◽  
M.P. Scott ◽  
F.M. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Homeotic Gene ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Visceral Mesoderm ◽  
Endodermal Cells ◽  
Homeotic Gene Expression

The decapentaplegic (dpp) gene product, a member of the transforming growth factor-beta family, is required in Drosophila embryos for normal gastrulation and the establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in the embryo. dpp is also expressed at specific positions in the visceral mesoderm along the developing midgut. We find that mutations that eliminate the visceral mesoderm expression of dpp lead to defects in midgut morphogenesis and alter the spatially localized expression of the homeotic genes Sex combs reduced (Scr), Ultrabithorax (Ubx), and Antennapedia (Antp) in the visceral mesoderm. The extracellular dpp protein migrates from the visceral mesoderm across the apposing endodermal cell layer in a region of the endoderm that expresses the homeotic gene labial (lab). Mesodermal expression of dpp is required for the expression of lab in these endodermal cells indicating that dpp mediates an inductive interaction between the two germ layers. We propose that extracellular dpp protein regulates gut morphogenesis, in part, by regulating homeotic gene expression in the visceral mesoderm and endoderm of the developing midgut.

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