HASTY: a gene that regulates the timing of shoot maturation in Arabidopsis thaliana

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (10) ◽  
pp. 1889-1898 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Telfer ◽  
R.S. Poethig
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Abaxial Surface ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Shoot Morphology ◽  
Gibberellin Production ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Developmental Phases ◽  
Inappropriate Expression

In Arabidopsis thaliana, leaves produced at different stages of shoot development can be distinguished by the distribution of trichomes on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces. Leaves produced early in the development of the rosette (juvenile leaves) have trichomes on their adaxial, but not their abaxial surface, whereas leaves produced later in rosette development (adult leaves) have trichomes on both surfaces. In order to identify genes that regulate the transition between these developmental phases we screened for mutations that accelerate the production of leaves with abaxial trichomes. 9 alleles of the HASTY gene were recovered in this screen. In addition to accelerating the appearance of adult leaves these mutations also accelerate the loss of adaxial trichomes (a trait typical of bracts), reduce the total number of leaves produced by the shoot, and have a number of other effects on shoot morphology. The basis for this phenotype was examined by testing the interaction between hasty and genes that affect flowering time (35S::LEAFY, 35S::APETALA1, terminal flower1), gibberellin production (ga1-3) or perception (gai), and floral morphogenesis (leafy, apetala1, agamous). We found that hasty increased the reproductive competence of the shoot, and that its does not require gibberellin or a gibberellin response for its effect on vegetative or reproductive development. The phenotype of hasty is not suppressed by leafy, apetala1 and agamous, demonstrating that this phenotype does not result from the inappropriate expression of these genes. We suggest that HASTY promotes a juvenile pattern of vegetative development and inhibits flowering by reducing the competence of the shoot to respond to LEAFY and APETALA1.

Relationship Between Thermoinduction and Photoinduction of Flowering and Dormancy in Hordeum bulbosum L., a Perennial Grass

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ofir ◽  
D Koller
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Hordeum Bulbosum ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Full Expression ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Induction of axillary bud dormancy (as manifested by initiation of the bulb which is associated with the dormant buds) and of reproductive development in H. bulbosum are closely linked processes. Both are potentiated by thermoinduction (vernalization of the seed) and express themselves as a result of subsequent photoinduction in long (16-h) photoperiods. Partial photoinduction of vernalized plants, which sufficed for bulb initiation, was insufficient for full expression of flowering: the reproductive development of the shoot apex was arrested and reverted to vegetative development. This was terminated by formation of a second bulb and a normal inflorescence, both typical of non- induced plants. Intercalation of as many as 30 short (8-h) photoperiods after the end of thermoinduction did not diminish the developmental response of the shoot apex to subsequent photo- induction. On the contrary, intercalation of short photoperiods after vernalization increased the effectiveness of subsequent photoinduction, with respect to the bulb-forming response and to the reproductive development of the shoot apex. Both photoperiodic regimes in this sequence were effective in promoting bulb initiation, However, effectiveness of short photoperiods was much smaller than that of long photoperiods and was progressively decreasing as their number increased. The position of the bulb internode showed remarkable parallelism with the number of leaves which had emerged by the start of photoinduction, but the intensity of photoinduction had no effect. No parallelism was found with the total number of leaves produced by the apex (i.e. including leaf primordia). The significance of these results is discussed.

Characterization of the Germinal and Somatic Activity of the Arabidopsis Transposable Element Tag1

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 148 (1) ◽  
pp. 445-456
Author(s):  
Dong Liu ◽  
Nigel M Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Transposable Element ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Late Stages

Abstract Tag1 is an autonomous transposon of Arabidopsis thaliana. The excision behavior of Tag1 during reproductive and vegetative development was examined using CaMV 35S-Tag1-GUS constructs. Germinal reversion frequencies varied from 0 to 27% and correlated with Tag1 copy number. Southern blot and somatic sector analyses indicated that each revertant was derived from an independent excision event, and approximately 75% of the revertants had new Tag1 insertions. Revertants were obtained with similar frequencies from the male and female parents. In flowers, small somatic sectors were observed in siliques, carpels, petals and sepals while stemlike organs (filaments and pedicels) had larger sectors. No sectors encompassing entire flowers or inflorescences were observed, however, indicating that excision occurs late in flower development and rarely in inflorescence meristems. Late excision was also observed during vegetative development with 99.8% of leaves showing small sectors encompassing no more than 20 cells. Roots and cotyledons, however, showed larger sectors that included entire lateral roots and cotyledons. These results indicate that Tag1 can excise in the embryo and all the organs of the plant with the timing of excision being restricted to late stages of vegetative and reproductive development in the shoot.

EFFECTS OF PHOTOPERIOD AND VERNALIZATION ON THE NUMBER OF LEAVES AT FLOWERING IN 32 ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA (BRASSICACEAE) ECOTYPES

1993 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 646-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn H. Karlsson ◽  
Gavin R. Sills ◽  
James Nienhuis
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Number Of Leaves

scholarly journals Genome scan identifies flowering-independent effects of barley HsDry2.2 locus on yield traits under water deficit

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianne Merchuk-Ovnat ◽  
Roi Silberman ◽  
Efrat Laiba ◽  
Andreas Maurer ◽  
Klaus Pillen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interactions ◽  
Shoot Morphology ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Wild Allele ◽  
Novel Alleles

AbstractIncreasing crop productivity under climate change requires the identification, selection and utilization of novel alleles for breeding. We analyzed the genotype and field phenotype of the barley HEB-25 multi-parent mapping population under well-watered and water-limited (WW and WL) environments for two years. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) for genotype by-environment interactions was performed for ten traits including flowering time (HEA), plant grain yield (PGY). Comparison of the GWAS for traits per-se to that for QTL-by-environment interactions (QxE), indicates the prevalence of QxE mostly for reproductive traits. One QxE locus on chromosome 2, Hordeum spontaneum Dry2.2 (HsDry2.2), showed a positive and conditional effect on PGY and grain number (GN). The wild allele significantly reduced HEA, however this earliness was not conditioned by water deficit. Furthermore, BC2F1 lines segregating for the HsDry2.2 showed the wild allele confers an advantage over the cultivated in PGY, GN and harvest index as well as modified shoot morphology, longer grain filling period and reduced senescence (only under drought), therefore suggesting adaptation mechanism against water deficit other than escape. This study highlights the value of evaluating wild relatives in search of novel alleles and clues to resilience mechanism underlying crop adaptation to abiotic stress.HighlightA flowering-time independent reproductive advantage of wild over cultivated allele under drought identified in a barley GWAS for genotype-by-environment interactions, with modified shoot morphology, reduced senescence and longer grain filling

Arabidopsis thaliana MLO genes are expressed in discrete domains during reproductive development

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Davis ◽  
Daniel S. Jones ◽  
Arianna J. Dino ◽  
Nicholas I. Cejda ◽  
Jing Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Discrete Domains

scholarly journals A Decoy Library Uncovers U-Box E3 Ubiquitin Ligases That Regulate Flowering Time in Arabidopsis

Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 215 (3) ◽  
pp. 699-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann M. Feke ◽  
Jing Hong ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Joshua M. Gendron
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligases ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligases ◽  
Genetic Redundancy ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
Reverse Genetic Screen

Targeted degradation of proteins is mediated by E3 ubiquitin ligases and is important for the execution of many biological processes. Redundancy has prevented the genetic characterization of many E3 ubiquitin ligases in plants. Here, we performed a reverse genetic screen in Arabidopsis using a library of dominant-negative U-box-type E3 ubiquitin ligases to identify their roles in flowering time and reproductive development. We identified five U-box decoy transgenic populations that have defects in flowering time or the floral development program. We used additional genetic and biochemical studies to validate PLANT U-BOX 14 (PUB14), MOS4-ASSOCIATED COMPLEX 3A (MAC3A), and MAC3B as bona fide regulators of flowering time. This work demonstrates the widespread importance of E3 ubiquitin ligases in floral reproductive development. Furthermore, it reinforces the necessity of dominant-negative strategies for uncovering previously unidentified regulators of developmental transitions in an organism with widespread genetic redundancy, and provides a basis on which to model other similar studies.

scholarly journals Manipulation of the Blue Light Photoreceptor Cryptochrome 2 in Tomato Affects Vegetative Development, Flowering Time, and Fruit Antioxidant Content

2004 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 199-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Giliberto ◽  
Gaetano Perrotta ◽  
Patrizia Pallara ◽  
James L. Weller ◽  
Paul D. Fraser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Blue Light Photoreceptor ◽  
Antioxidant Content ◽  
Cryptochrome 2

The Arabidopsis thaliana adenosine 5’-phosphosulfate reductase 2 (AtAPR2) participates in flowering time and glucose response

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Sung Chung ◽  
Ha-Nul Lee ◽  
Thomas Leustek ◽  
David B. Knaff ◽  
Cheol Soo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Glucose Response

Alteration in flowering time causes accelerated or decelerated progression through Arabidopsis vegetative phases

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quintin J Steynen ◽  
Dee A Bolokoski ◽  
Elizabeth A Schultz
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Flowering Time ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Central Mechanism ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Terminal Flower ◽  
Vegetative Phases ◽  
Short Days

We have identified three phases within the wild-type Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. rosette, based on significant differences in leaf shape, size, vascular pattern, and presence of abaxial trichomes. To test the hypothesis that a single, central mechanism controls the progression through all plant phases and that conditions that alter the time to flowering will also alter the progression through vegetative phases, we analysed the rosette phases under such conditions. In support of our hypothesis, we determined that those conditions (loss of LEAFY activity, short days) that decelerate time to flowering show decelerated progression through the rosette phases, while those conditions (loss of TERMINAL FLOWER, overexpression of LEAFY, low light) that accelerate time to flowering show accelerated progression through the rosette phases. In all conditions except short days, the length of the first phase was unaffected, indicating that this phase is less susceptible to influences of the central mechanism. Progression through the subsequent two rosette phases was accelerated differentially, such that the second phase was affected more strongly than the first. This supports the idea that, in the rosette, as in the inflorescence, the inhibition of phase transition by the central mechanism is gradually decreasing.Key words: phase change, flowering time, Arabidopsis thaliana, LEAFY, TERMINAL FLOWER, heteroblasty.

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